Healing Process Of Traumatic Ulcers Research Articles

Expression of VEGF and CD-31 in traumatic ulcer of diabetic Wistar rats after application of Citrus limon peel essential oil.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that delays the healing process, including the interruption of the processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The etiology of most angiogenic-related diseases, such as diabetes complications, includes the presence of hypoxia caused by declined vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and CD-31. d-limonene, one of the main constituents of Citrus limon, is considered to have angiogenic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential of C. limon as a medication for diabetic ulceration. A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with DM and traumatic ulcers on the lower lip mucosa were divided into six groups-three each for control and treatment groups. Control groups were treated with CMC 5% gel, and treatment groups were administered with C. limon peel essential oil gel. The expression of VEGF and CD-31 was observed on days 5, 7, and 9. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with the monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-CD-31. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the differences between the groups (p<0.05). An increase in VEGF and CD-31 expression in the treatment group was observed compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). Citrus limon peel essential oil gel increased VEGF and CD-31 expression during the healing process of traumatic ulcers in diabetes-afflicted Wistar rats.

EFFECTS OF NANO CHITOSAN MOUTH SPRAY ON THE EPITHELIAL THICKNESS IN THE TRAUMATIC ULCUS HEALING PROCESS (In vivo)

Background: Traumatic ulcer is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions, which are caused by physical trauma. The prevalence of traumatic ulcers in this world is 83.6%. Ulcers cause pain, difficulty in articulation, mastication and swallowing causing discomfort to the patient. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of nano chitosan mouth spray on epithelial thickness in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. Methods: This research was true experimental type using post test only control group design with the number of samples are 27 rats divided into three groups. The treatment group was given nano chitosan mouth spray, the positive control group was given aloclair plus spray and the negative control group was given aquadest. After 7 days of treatment, the ulcer tissue was observed using a light microscope, then the average thickness of the epithelium was calculated. They were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: The results showed difference in the average value of each group. The treatment group is higher than the positive control group and the negative control group with an average epithelial thickness (19.42 ± 2.11). Meanwhile, the negative control group is the lowest group among the three groups with an average epithelial thickness (5.72 ± 0.77). The results based on the One Way Anova parametric test, the value of p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) Conclusion: The conclusion obtained is that there is an effect of chitosan nano mouth spray on epithelial thickness on the healing process of traumatic ulcers in male Wistar rats after 7 days of treatment

BAY LEAF (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM) EXTRACT GEL EFFECT ON TNF- Α EXPRESSION IN TRAUMATIC ULCERS HEALING PROCESS

Background: Traumatic ulcers were injuries that occur to the epithelium and basement membrane, due to physical, mechanical, or chemical trauma. The healing process of traumatic ulcers was divided into three main phases, namely inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phase. TNF-α as a proinflammatory mediator worked 2-3 days which later would be replaced by an anti-inflammatory mediator. This research aimed to determine the impact of bay leaf extract gel, which had a very high anti-inflammatory content, on TNF-α expression in accelerating the ulcers healing process. Method: This research method was an in vivo experimental laboratory research using a post-test only control design. The sample consists of 20 rats divided into four groups, namely, the control group on day 1, control groups on day 3, treatment groups on 1st day, and treatment groups on 3rd day. Rats were made traumatic ulcers on the lower lip mucosa and were given bay leaf extract gel in the morning and evening. The tissue was then made into a histological preparation and given immunohistochemical staining to see TNF-α. Result: The results showed the mean of cells expressing TNF-α in the bay leaf gel extract group on the 1st and 3rd days has P&gt; 0.05. Independent T-test on 1st day dan 3rd group showed a significant difference in TNF-α expression in the control and treatment groups. Conclusion: The conclusion obtained in this study was bay leaf extract gel had a significant effect on the expression of TNF-α in the traumatic ulcers healing process.

THE EFFECT OF 3 ANTIMICROBIALS IN THE REPAIR OF ORAL ULCERS: CLINICAL, HISTOLOGIC, AND MICROBIOLOGIC EVALUATION

Objective This study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine, and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on tongue of rats. Study Design Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, chlorhexidine (Chx), povidone-iodine (PvI), and erythromycin (Er). An ulcer of 5 mm in diameter was made on the ventral tongue of the animals. After 24 hours, a microbiologic sample was taken and daily application of the substances started. Six animals from each group were euthanized at 4 days and the others at 8 days postoperative. Before euthanasia, a new microbiologic collection was performed. Results The experimental groups showed less area of residual ulcer. A significant difference was seen between the PvI and Chx in relation to the control after 3 days of treatment. Er exhibited the lowest inflammation scores after 7 days of treatment. PvI showed reduction of microorganisms at both times and under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Er significantly reduced the count of microorganisms in aerobic condition compared with control group. Conclusions All drugs promoted reduction of the microorganisms at the site of the injury, which may have a direct effect on the tissue repair process. This study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine, and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on tongue of rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, chlorhexidine (Chx), povidone-iodine (PvI), and erythromycin (Er). An ulcer of 5 mm in diameter was made on the ventral tongue of the animals. After 24 hours, a microbiologic sample was taken and daily application of the substances started. Six animals from each group were euthanized at 4 days and the others at 8 days postoperative. Before euthanasia, a new microbiologic collection was performed. The experimental groups showed less area of residual ulcer. A significant difference was seen between the PvI and Chx in relation to the control after 3 days of treatment. Er exhibited the lowest inflammation scores after 7 days of treatment. PvI showed reduction of microorganisms at both times and under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Er significantly reduced the count of microorganisms in aerobic condition compared with control group. All drugs promoted reduction of the microorganisms at the site of the injury, which may have a direct effect on the tissue repair process.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK IKAN HARUAN (Channa striata) TERHADAP JUMLAH NEUTROFIL PADA PROSES PENYEMBUHAN ULKUS TRAUMATIKUS

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Channa striata contains important compounds in the process of tissue synthesis and important role in wound healing, such as albumin, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and unsaturated fat acids. &lt;strong&gt;Purpose :&lt;/strong&gt; To determine the effect of Channa striata extract to the amount of neutrophil in healing process of traumatic ulcer. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Method :&lt;/strong&gt; The design of this study used randomized post test only control group design. 18 wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, i.e: K-1 (no treatment for 1 day), K-3 (no treatment for 3 days), K+1 (giving hyaluronic acid 0.2% for 1 day), K+3 (giving hyaluronic acis 0.2% for 3 days), P1 (giving Channa striata extract 100% for 1 day), P3 (giving Channa striata extract 100% for 3 days). &lt;strong&gt;Results :&lt;/strong&gt; There was a decrease in the number of neutrophil in the treatment group. The mean and standart deviation of the number of neutrophil in the K-1 group (75,96±3,65), K-3 (50,76±2,04), K+1(72,96±2,97),K+3(45,06±2,83),P1(54,20±1,31),P3(32,50±,85). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion :&lt;/strong&gt; The using of Channa striata extract 100% for 3 days are the most effective in decreasing the amount of neutrophil in healing process of traumatic ulcer of Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The effects of topical application of red pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) extract gel on the healing process of traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats

Background: Trauma-induced ulcers constitute one of the painful abnormalities affecting the oral cavity about which numerous individuals complain. The prevalence of traumatic ulcers (15-30% of cases) is relatively high compared to other oral lesions. Unfortunately, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs classified as steroids can lead to contraindications and serious side effects. Hence, the use of natural ingredients represents an alternative treatment. One such ingredient is red pomegranate containing bioactive elements acting as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents which accelerate the healing process in traumatic ulcers. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the topical application of red pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) extract on the healing process in traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats. Methods: 24 male rats, aged 2-3 months, were divided into six groups, namely; two control groups (PC: triamcinolone acetonide and NC: sterile aquades) and four treatment groups (red pomegranate extract gel at respective concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75%). A traumatic ulcer was subsequently created using a flame-shaped burnisher tip 2mm in diameter and heated for ±15 seconds. The diameter traumatic ulcer of each research subject was measured and observed until it healed within the remedial parameters determined by means of a UNC-15 periodontal probe which had been placed on it. The data obtained was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Topically applied red pomegranate extract gel can reduce the width of the ulcerated area, while also accelerating traumatic ulcer healing. There was a significant difference in the healing time between the group using red pomegranate extract gel at a concentration of 75% and the positive control group using 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with p=0.44 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Red pomegranate extract gel possesses the ability to accelerate the healing process in traumatic ulcers. The most effective concentration of red pomegranate extract gel at accelerating the healing process in traumatic ulcers is 75%.

Expression of FGF-2 and Fibronectin in Citrus limon Fruit Peel Malang Essential Oil Gel Treated Traumatic Ulcer in Diabetic Wistar Rats (Rattus novergicus)

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease that delayed traumatic ulcer healing process. Citrus limon contains fumaric acid, d-limonene and citral that can accelerate the healing of traumatic ulcer. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of 0.78% Citrus limon essential oil topical application can increase Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and Fibronectin expression. This study was true experimental analytic study with random sampling methods. The study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with DM by injecting 50 mg/kg of Streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, and a traumatic ulcer on their lower lip mucosa. These were divided into six groups; three each for control and treatment groups. Each control and treatment group consisted of five rats. The control groups treated with CMC 5% gel and treatment groups were administered with Citrus limon peel essential oil gel. The expression of FGF-2 and Fibronectin was observed on Days 5, 7 and 9. Furthermore, mice sacrificed and the lower lip labial mucosa tissue of mice has been taken to make the Histopathology Anatomy preparation by means of immunohistochemical examination with monoclonal antibodies anti-FGF2 and anti-Fibronectin. ANOVA analysis was performed to analyze the difference between group (p<0.05). The increased FGF-2 and Fibronectin expression in the treatment group as compared to that of the control group. There were significant differences (p<0.05) of both FGF2 and Fibronectin expression between the two groups. The citrus limon peel essential oil gel increased the FGF-2 and Fibronectin expression during the healing process of traumatic ulcers on the oral mucosa of diabetes afflicted Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus).

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Apis mellifera Lawang propolis extract gel-treated traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats.

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Apis mellifera propolis extract gel on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the traumatic ulcers of rats afflicted with diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with DM by injecting 50 mg/kg of Streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, and a traumatic ulcer on their lower lip mucosa. These were divided into eight groups: Four each for control and treatment groups. Each control and treatment group consisted of three rats. The control groups treated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 5% gel and treatment groups were administered with propolis extract gel. The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was observed on days 3, 5, 7, and 9. Furthermore, mice sacrificed and the lower lip labial mucosa tissue of mice has been taken to make the histopathology anatomy preparation by means of immunohistochemical examination with monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-MMP-9.Results:This experiment revealed higher VEGF expression and lower MMP-9 expression in the treatment group as compared to that of the control group. Analysis of Variance showed significant differences (p<0.01) of both VEGF expression and MMP-9 expression between the two groups. A Tukey’s analysis did not find strong contrasts in VEGF and MMP-9 expressions between various treatment groups. However, those between treatment and control groups were found to be considerable.Conclusion:Propolis extract gel increased the expression of VEGF and decreased that of MMP-9 during the healing process of traumatic ulcers on the oral mucosa of diabetes afflicted Wistar rats (R. norvegicus).

The Effect of Brown Algae Sargassum sp. Extract Towards The Amount of Macrophages in The Healing Process of Traumatic Ulcer

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; The Sarggasum’s sp. extract contains of several chemical properties such as flavonoid, vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, and calcium which has benefit as anti-inflammation, so it can be used as an alternative therapy for traumatic ulcer. &lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt; To investigate the effectivity of Sargassum’s sp. extract towards the amount of macrophages in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Method:&lt;/strong&gt; 32 wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, K1 the negative control group without treatment, K2 the positive control group with the drugs containing 0.2% hyaluronic acid, and the treatment group K3 Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 50% and K4 Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 75%. Traumatic ulcer were made in the labial mucosa of rats by using heated amalgam stopper. On the fourth and seventh day, rats were sacrified and biopsied on lower labial mucosa. The macrophages were observed using a 1000x magnification light microscope with OptiLab viewer. &lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; The statistical test using One Way ANOVA showed significant difference (p&amp;lt;0,05) of macrophage on fourth day group. The LSD test showed a significant difference (p&amp;lt;0,05) in macrophages at K1 (2.83±1.03) compared to K3 (1.17±0.64), K1 compared to K4 (0.58±0.79), K2 (2.58±0.50) compared to K3, and K2 compared to K4 at the fourth day group, whereas the seventh day group showed no significant differences between each groups. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 75% is the most effective in decreasing amount of macrophages in the healing process of traumatic ulcers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; traumatic ulcer, inflammation, macrophage, Sargassum sp. extract&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Correspondence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arief Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone. 031-5912191, Email: agni_febrina@yahoo.com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Topical chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and erythromycin in the repair of traumatic ulcers on the rat tongue: Clinical, histological and microbiological evaluation

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on ventral tongue of rats. DesignForty-Eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, chlorhexidine (Chx), povidone-iodine (PvI) and erythromycin (Er). An ulcer of 5 mm in diameter was made on the ventral tongue of the animals. After 24 h, a microbiological sample was taken and daily application of the substances started. Six animals each group were euthanized at 4 days and the others at 8 days postoperative, totaling three and seven days of treatment. Prior to euthanasia, a new microbiological collection was performed. ResultsThe experimental groups showed less area of residual ulcer. A significant difference was seen between the PvI and Chx in relation to the control after three days of treatment (p < 0.05). Although the experimental groups displayed greater newly formed epithelial area, there was no significant difference compared to the control (p > 0.05). Er exhibed the lowest inflammation scores after seven days of treatment (p < 0.05). PvI showed reduction of microorganisms at both times and under aerobic (p < 0.01 at 3 days and p < 0.001 at 7 days) and microaerophilic (p < 0.05) conditions. Er significantly reduced the count of microorganisms in aerobic condition when compared to control group (p < 0.05 at 3 days and p < 0.01 at 7 days). ConclusionsAll drugs promoted reduction of the microorganisms at the site of the injury, which may have a direct effect on the tissue repair process.

The effects of golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanii) on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on wistar rat’s oral mucous

Background: Indonesia is a country with the world’s biggest potential and producer of sea cucumbers. Golden sea cucumber contains glicosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, which could have a positive implication on wound healing process. This acceleration of wound healing process could be observed through the increasing of lymphocytes on ulcus traumaticus. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of golden sea cucumber extract on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat’s oral mucous. Method: Golden sea cucumber extrat was made with freeze-dried method, and then gel was prepared using PEG 400 and PEG 4000 solvent. Twenty male rats with mucosal ulcus made were divided into a control group and three treatment groups with 20%, 40% and 80% golden sea cucumber extracts. All samples were euthanized on day 4 and then a preparation for histopathological examination was made to examine the number of lymphocytes. Result: The biggest number of lymphocytes was found in the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract, while the lowest one was found in the control group. The results of one way Anova test then showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment groups. And, the results of Tukey HSD showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 40% golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) extract can increase the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat’s oral mucous.

The effectivity of Hyalunonic Acid 0.1% on the Healing Process of Traumatic Ulcer caused by Fized Orthodontic Appliance

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid is a substance of human connective tissues and is reported to have important role in wound healing process, facilitating the migration and cell differentiation during the development process of the embryo, and the tissue repairing. Objectives: To study the effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid 0.1% on the healing process of traumatic ulcer caused by fixed orthodontic appliances based on the size, redness and pain perception of the ulcer. Materials and Methods: Thirty two subjects with fixed orthodontic appliance who had traumatic ulcer on buccal or labial mucosa due to the presence o fixed appliance on the examination day were included and divided into 2 groups. The first group (K1) was instructed to gargle with 10 ml hyaluronic acid 0,1%-contained mouthwash for 2minutes after tooth brushing, twice a day for 4 days in a row. The second group (K2) is given the same instruction but with placebo. The size and colour (redness) of the ulcer were measured before and after treatment using a caliper and customized redness measurement index. The pain perception was measured after treatment using a questionnaire. Results : The percentage of changes (decline) in wound size and redness changes (decline) in K1 were more significant compared to K2 (p 0.05). Conclusion: Hyaluronic cid 0.1%-contained mouthwash seemed to be effective in accelerating the wound healing, in size, colour of the ulcer, but might not be effective in reducing pain of the traumatic ulcer compared to placebo. DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v16i3.103