Heads Of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Research Articles

Ulnar nerve palsy after treatment of olecranon fracture with tension band wiring

A case of olecranon fracture treated with tension band wiring presented to us with symptoms of ulnar nerve injury. The ulnar nerve was explored and injury was identified between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) distal to the level of cubital tunnel. The injured nerve was repaired using sural nerve grafts and the patient improved as witnessed on regular follow-up.

Cubital Fossa Syndrome Treated with Dry Needling: A Case Report

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common nerve entrapment syndrome, second only to carpal tunnel syndrome.1 The tunnel starts where the ulnar nerve enters the space between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The roof of the tunnel is an aponeurotic arch that bridges the two heads (see figure 1). Figure 1 Ulna nerve entering cubital tunnel between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris. Figure copyright: Tridimensional and reproduced with permission. The main complaints are numbness and tingling along the little finger and ulnar half of the ring finger. The grip may be weak. Rarely, …

Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps

ABSTRACTVariations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.

Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps

Variations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by cubitus varus deformity

Fifteen patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by cubitus varus deformity were studied. All patients had a history of previous fracture of the humerus during childhood. The mean interval between fracture and onset of symptoms was 15 years. The severity of the palsy was classified as McGowan's grade I in 12 patients, grade II in 2 patients, and grade III in 1 patient. The mean carrying angle was -2 degrees before surgery. X-ray films showed a shallow ulnar nerve groove, a dysplastic humeral trochlea, medial shift of the ulna, and deformity of the medial epicondyle. The ulnar nerve was explored in all but one patient. Operative findings suggested that the main cause of the palsy was compression by a fibrous band running between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris. Surgical steps included release of the fibrous band in 14 patients with anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve in 5 of those patients. A corrective osteotomy was done in 11 patients who requested correction of the varus deformity. Traumatic cubitus varus deformity should be recognized as another cause of cubital tunnel syndrome.