Headache In Young Adults Research Articles

The Influence of Selected Soft-Tissue and Telerehabilitation Techniques on Headaches in Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Headaches are a very common pain syndrome. The International Headache Society distinguishes primary pains, which include, among others, migraines and tension headaches, and secondary pain. Manual techniques, including soft tissue methods, are mentioned in the literature as an effective form of pain relief, but it is ambiguous whether manual therapy is a more effective form of headache therapy than exercises improving the flexibility of soft tissues in the neck area and cervical mobility. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of selected techniques regarding working with soft tissues on headache symptoms. Material and methods: The study included 29 people with headaches, who were randomly divided into 2 groups. The study group, subjected to soft tissue techniques, comprised 15 people (13 women and 2 men), average age was 27.73 ± 5.06 years, body height, on average, 1.70 ± 0.08 cm, body mass, on average, 64.80 ± 12.31 kg. The control group, subjected to telerehabilitation, included 14 individuals (12 women and 2 men), average age was 28.36 ± 4.88, body height, on average, 1.68 ± 0.09 m, body mass, on average, 64.93 ± 12.78 kg. Participants were enrolled in the study after completing the questionnaire in which they reported currently experiencing headaches. The HIT-6 (headache impact test) and HDI (head disability index) screening tests were used to assess pain, and the results before and after the 3-week therapy were compared. In the study group, soft tissue therapy was performed in 3 sessions, for 30 minutes, 1 week apart. The control group was assigned self-therapy through teleconsultation in the form of exercises, at least 4 times a week, once a day, for 30 minutes, aimed at improving mobility of the cervical spine and elasticity of soft tissues. Results: In the study group, on the HIT-6 scale, the effect of pain on functioning prior to therapy was, on average, 61.87 ± 5.64, while at the end of therapy, a statistically significant decrease was observed – to an average of 48.60 ± 5.22 (p<0.001). In the control group, on the HIT-6, the effect of pain on functioning was, on average, 59.00 ± 4.10, while at the end of the therapy, a significant decrease to the mean value was observed: 53.50 ± 6.04 (p<0.01). For HDI, disability in the study group was at an average of 43.20 ± 19.78 before the therapy and 25.33 ± 14.32 (p<0.01) following the therapy. In the control group, disability before and after the therapy was 31.43 ± 17.62 and 26.57 ± 13.73, respectively (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the HDI results – 25.33 ± 14.32 for the study group and 26.57 ± 13.73 for the control group (p>0.05) after treatment. Conclusions: Soft tissue therapy and telerehabilitation caused a significant reduction in the impact of headaches on daily functioning and disability. In the era of epidemics, telerehabilitation may be an effective treatment for headaches in young adults.

A comparison of temporomandibular disorder headache in young adults in relation to perceived stress.

Chronic pain in the head and face region has a predicted prevalence of 20% in Europe, and is more common in women than men. The etiology of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is multifactorial, and high levels of psychological stress amplify its symptoms. We were interested in how headache reported in RDC/TMD is associated with stress. Individuals with an average age of 18 years were included in the study. They were all volunteer participants in a research project. Clinical evaluation of each subject was performed using the RDC/TMD dual-axis diagnostic system. All participants filled out the PSS-10 questionnaire. A total of 138 individuals participated in the study, of which 107 were female. Headache was reported by 83 participants (59.4%), with females presenting higher scores on the PSS-10; this was statistically significant. A comparison between PSS-10 questionnaire results and headache level shows insignificant differences. However, the higher the stress level in the participant, the higher the headache score. Females are more susceptible to perceived stress, which can have an effect on TMD.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Headaches Among Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

This cross-sectional study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and history of frequent headaches (including migraine) among children 3-17years old using data from the 2016 and 2017 U.S. National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). ACEs include abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual), parental divorce, death, mental illness, or addiction, and are linked to higher morbidity and mortality in adulthood. A relationship between ACEs and headaches exists among adults, but studies examining the relationship among children are lacking. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the link among children using NSCH data. The NSCH is a nationally representative survey of U.S. children's physical and emotional well-being aimed at understanding their health needs. Parental-reported information was collected on child history of headaches and 9 ACEs for the selected child. The survey collected information on 71,881 children in 2016 and 2017 out of which 61,565 were eligible for the study (age ≥3years and not missing data on history headaches). Children with missing values for headache, ACEs, or covariates (n=58,958) were excluded from the final analysis. We used multivariable logistic regression with survey weighting and adjusted for demographics and comorbidities (anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and brain injury) to examine the association between ACEs and headaches overall and stratified by gender. We further assessed the independent relationship between each ACE and headaches. In the current study, out of 61,656 children, 26,884 (48.6%) experienced at least 1 ACE and 3426 (6.5%) experienced 4+ ACEs. Overall, compared with children with no ACEs, the adjusted odds of headache were 1.34 times higher among children with 1 reported ACE (95% CI: 1.07, 1.68), 2.15 times higher among children with 2 ACEs (95% CI: 1.66, 2.80), 1.89 times higher among children with 3 ACEs (95% CI: 1.40, 2.53), and 3.40 times higher among children with 4+ ACEs (95% CI: 2.61, 4.43). Females with 3 and 4+ ACEs were somewhat more likely to report headaches compared to males with the same number of ACEs. Individually, no ACE was independently associated with history of headaches except for difficulty due to family's income (aOR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.98, 3.06). Experiencing one or more ACEs vs none was associated with higher risk of headaches in children, and difficulty due to family's income was the only ACE independently associated with headaches. Our findings support results of other studies on ACEs and headache in young adults and suggest that adverse ACE-related health outcomes begin earlier than previously recognized. Additionally, struggling due to low income may represent a constellation of chronic stressors that independently contribute to poor health outcomes in childhood as compared to other individual ACEs. Future research should examine the importance of specific ACE clusters and stressors during childhood.

Sulfite concentration and the occurrence of headache in young adults: a prospective study.

Sulfites are additives commonly used in food and wine industries that are associated to adverse clinical effects such as headaches. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible association between sulfite concentration in wine and the occurrence of headaches in young adults. Eighty volunteers, aged between 18 and 25 years, were evaluated. Sub-groups (with or without previous headaches related with wine) were created and volunteers were submitted to two wine tests (minimum and maximum sulfite concentration accordingly to weight). A questionnaire was handed out after the test regarding the presence or not of headaches, their main characteristics, as well as other symptoms associated. Subjects that refer a previous headache history upon wine ingestion presented a risk 2266 greater of developing headaches after wine ingestion with a greater sulfite concentration. Those that refer constant headaches related to wine ingestion previous to the test present a risk of 6232 times more of developing headaches compared to those who refer sporadic headaches related to wine consumption. In our group of subjects, sulfite concentration in wine is related to the risk of developing headaches in individuals who are susceptible to wine induced headaches.

Sulphites concentration and the occurrence of headache in young adults: A prospective study

Rationale: Sulphites are additives commonly used in food and wine industries that are sometimes associated to adverse clinical effects such as headaches. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible association between sulphite’s concentration in wine and the occurrence of headaches in young adults.

Migraine and cerebrovascular disease: still a dangerous connection?

Migraine is a common type of headache in young adults, with an estimated prevalence of 4% before puberty and as high as 25% in women by their mid to late 30s. About one third of migraineurs experience transient neurological symptoms known as auras, which characterize a variant known as migraine with aura. Many evidences have shown an increased risk of vascular events in patients affected by migraine, particularly among women and among migraine patients with aura. Potential underlying mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, platelet aggregation, vasospasm, cardiovascular risk factors, paradoxical embolism, spreading depolarization, shared genetic risk, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and immobilization. The risk of vascular events in migraine patients is also linked by concomitant oral contraception; moreover, the common finding of increased incidence of right to left cardiac shunt in migraine patients might have a pathogenetic role. Finally, many MRI studies in migraine patients, particularly in migraine with aura, have shown subcortical lesions particularly in the cerebellum as a common finding. In this review, we analyzed the more recent findings regarding the topic of migraine as a risk factor in stroke.

Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study.

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.

Can we define migraine patients with blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and galectin-3 levels in the emergency department?

IntroductionMigraine, the most widespread cause of headache in young adults, is a frequent reason for presentation to emergency departments. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of serum galectin-3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in migraine patients.Material and methodsSerum galectin-3 and hsCRP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 70 migraine patients and 70 healthy control subjects.ResultsThe mean values of hsCRP and galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in the migraine group than those in the control group (1.67 ±0.49, 1.12 ±0.38 mg/l, p < 0.001; and 3.76 ±1.45, 2.05 ±0.29 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). When the diagnostic values of the biomarkers were assessed in the migraine attack and control groups, the sensitivity and specificity of the test for hsCRP at the cut-off point of 1.32 mg/l were 70% and 73% (AUC = 0.805, 95% CI: 0.74–0.88, p < 0.001), and for galectin-3 at the cut-off point of 2.4 ng/ml, 89% and 90% (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99, p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed the presence of a relation between high serum levels of hsCRP and galectin-3 in migraine patients. However, well-controlled, carefully executed longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.

Diagnostic Dilemma in a Young Woman with Acute Headache: Delayed Diagnosis of Third Ventricular Colloid Cyst with Hydrocephalus.

Objectives. To highlight the importance of early diagnosis of colloid cyst of the third ventricle and its early management. Clinical Presentation and Intervention. This is a young lady who presented with sudden onset headache. She attended a local clinic and also her area hospital. Her diagnosis was delayed several hours due to a diagnostic dilemma initially. No surgical intervention was tried since the patient developed early signs of brainstem coning by the time she was seen by neurosurgeon. Patient died after few days in spite of intensive ICU measures. Conclusion. Sudden onset headache in young adults should be looked at carefully. Early imaging is mandatory to prevent mortality.

Association between primary headaches and depression in young adults in southern Brazil

ObjectiveTo verify the association between depression and headache in young adults, as well as to identify the features of headache associated with depression and the influence of this mood disorder on headache-related disability. MethodsA cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires about headache and depression was conducted at the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms and headache-related disability, respectively. Depression was considered if BDI ≥ 15. ResultsA thousand and thirteen young adults were included in the study. A clear relationship was observed between headache and depression among the participants. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that nausea or vomiting related to headache and higher headache-related disability scores were independent factors associated with depression. Migraine was more associated with depression than the other types of headache. ConclusionThe results demonstrate an association between headache and depression. Depressive symptoms are more likely to be found in young adults with more disabling headaches.

Association between primary headaches and depression in young adults in southern Brazil

ObjectiveTo verify the association between depression and headache in young adults, aswell as to identify the features of headache associated with depression and the influence of this mood disorder on headache-related disability. MethodsA cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires about headache and depression was conducted at the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Beck Depression Inven-tory (BDI) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms and headache-related disability, respectively. Depression was considered if BDI ≥ 15. ResultsA thousand and thirteen young adults were included in the study. A clear relation-ship was observed between headache and depression among the participants. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that nausea or vomiting related to headache and higher headache-related disability scores were independent factors associated with depression. Migraine wasmore associated with depression than the other types of headache. ConclusionThe results demonstrate an association between headache and depression.Depressive symptoms are more likely to be found in young adults with more disabling headaches.

Choc cardiogénique révélant un phéochromocytome traité par assistance circulatoire

Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumour that originates from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla in 85% of the cases. Phaeochromocytoma typically presents with the classic signs and symptoms of paroxysmal hypertension, tachycardia, and episodic headache in young adults. However, it rarely may manifest as cardiogenic shock due to a catecholamine induced cardiomyopathy. We report the use of central extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in a young man admitted to our department because of cardiogenic shock caused by phaeochromocytoma.

FREQUENCY OF HEADACHE WITH STRESS IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULTS

Objective: Objective of this study was to establish a link between stress as a cause of headache in young adults. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology Military Hospital (MH) Rawalpindi from September 2009 to March 2010. Patients and Methods: Thirty young patients, referred for the complaints of headache to the Neurology Out patient department, were included in this study. A detailed especially designed, pre tested headache questionnaire was devised which was filled for every patient individually included in the study. Results: Twenty One (70%) of the patients in the study group did have the feeling of stress preceding the headache which sometimes persisted during the episode. Nine (30%) did not report any such feeling of stress before or during the episode. Out of the patients reporting stress 71 %( 15) were female patients and 29 %( 6) were males. Conclusion: These key findings suggest that stress and headaches may be related for adolescents and young adults and that this relationship may be reinforced over time. Moreover female patients were far more susceptible to this stressful stimulus as compared to the males.

The colloid cyst of the third ventricle - a potential life threatening benign tumour

The colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a rare lesion, extremely interesting for forensic experts due to its potential in causing sudden death. Although not malignant in nature, this lesion may be life threatening as it can cause acute hydrocephalus by obstructing cerebrospinal fluid flow. Although the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of colloid cysts are well known, their etiology and physiopathology continue to be a subject of debate. Further on, we present the case of a young woman who had a sudden death, on her admission to the hospital. She had had a several-year history of episodic headaches, but no CT scans performed prior to her death. The forensic pathology and microscopic examination revealed a colloid cyst of the third ventricle, resulting in a hydrocephalus involving the lateral ventricles and a massive pulmonary edema. The fulminant neurogenic pulmonary edema, following the increased intracranial pressure and the complete obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid flow triggered death. This case report emphasizes that, although a rare disease, colloid cysts should also be taken into account when trying to establish the diagnosis of apparently harmless headaches in young adults. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of early diagnosis, generally done by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Post-dural puncture headache in young adults: comparison of two small-gauge spinal catheters with different needle design

To reduce the risk of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in continuous spinal anaesthesia, small-gauge spinal catheter systems with different techniques of dural perforation have been developed. Two systems, the catheter through-needle technique (MicroCatheter, Portex, UK) and the catheter over-needle technique (22G Spinocath, B. Braun, Germany), were used in 18 young healthy volunteers (age 18-30 yr), who were enrolled in a neuroendocrinological investigation for analysis of neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After intermittent sampling of CSF (17 x 0.5 ml over 4 h), the catheter was removed and the development of PDPH and pain intensity were documented prospectively by the subjects in a standardized headache assessment (11-point numerical rating scale [NRS]). The study revealed a high overall incidence of PDPH (78%) with no significant differences between groups (P=0.26). However, the over-needle group showed a significantly shorter duration of PDPH (2.4 [SD 2.3] vs 5.1 [3.1] days, P=0.050) and lower maximum pain intensity (3.1 [2.9] vs 7.3 [3.4] NRS, P=0.014) than the through-needle group. The results demonstrate a potential benefit of the catheter over-needle technique for the reduction of the duration and intensity of PDPH.

Post-dural puncture headache in young adults: Comparison of two small-gauge spinal catheters with different needle design

Post-dural puncture headache in young adults: Comparison of two small-gauge spinal catheters with different needle design

Post-dural puncture headache in young adults: comparison of two small-gauge spinal catheters with different needle design

Post-dural puncture headache in young adults: comparison of two small-gauge spinal catheters with different needle design

Pericranial muscle tenderness and exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity: a blind study of chronic tension-type headache.

The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of pericranial muscle tenderness and the second exteroceptive suppression period to distinguish chronic tension-type headache sufferers, migraine sufferers, and controls in a young adult population utilizing a blind design. The second exteroceptive suppression periods were assessed using the methodology recommended by the European Headache Federation and were scored with an automated computer software program designed in our laboratory to provide reliable, standardized, and precise quantification of exteroceptive suppression periods and eliminate any influence of experimenter bias that may occur with manual scoring. Our sample consisted of 45 subjects diagnosed according to IHS criteria: 25 with chronic tension-type headache and 20 with migraine without aura. Twenty-three headache-free controls were recruited. Consistent with our previous findings, abnormalities in pericranial muscle tenderness, but not in the second exteroceptive suppression period distinguished chronic tension-type headache sufferers from controls. The chronic tension headache sufferers exhibited the highest pericranial muscle tenderness and the control group exhibited the lowest tenderness (P < .001). Pericranial muscle tenderness was quite successful in distinguishing recurrent headache sufferers from controls, but failed to distinguish chronic tension-type headache sufferers from migraineurs. Our findings raise the possibility that pericranial muscle tenderness is present early in the development of chronic tension-type headache and migraine without aura, and thus might contribute to the etiology of headache disorders. Our findings also indicate that a shortened second exteroceptive suppression period is not a reliable marker for chronic tension-type headache in young adults.