Head Coaches Research Articles

Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 dan Variabel yang Berhubungan

This study aims to identify variables that are related to job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research design used descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The method used is a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 185 nurses who work in the inpatient and outpatient rooms of Hospital X. Data collection uses a questionnaire in the form of google form. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the characteristics of gender, education, marital status, work unit and career path, work experience and job satisfaction of nurses. However, the variables of age, head coaching competence and motivation have a significant relationship with nurse job satisfaction. As for the multivariate results, the constant value obtained is -0.5841, with the variables that influence coaching and motivation. In conclusion, the job satisfaction of implementing nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic is still low and the variables related to job satisfaction of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic are coaching and motivation. 
 Keywords: Coaching, Job Satisfaction, Motivation

The Roles of Different Appraisals in Anxiety and Emotional Exhaustion: A Case of NCAA Division I Head Coaches

AbstractThe complex and unpredictable nature of sport competitions causes athletic coaches to experience a substantial amount of anxiety, which can be detrimental to their well-being and performance. Therefore, it is important to identify the psychological process of how coaches manage their anxiety. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the four different cognitive appraisals, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among coaches. To accomplish this objective, 203 head coaches in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I were recruited to complete an online questionnaire. The findings indicate that the goal incongruence appraisal positively predicts reported anxiety, whereas the coping efficacy appraisal negatively predicts it. Furthermore, reported anxiety is positively associated with subjective ratings of emotional exhaustion. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the cognitive appraisal process of emotion by demonstrating how different appraisals are associated with anxiety. Additionally, the finding can help coaches use more effective cognitive appraisals to enhance their emotional experience.

Did court dismiss female football player's Title IX claim?

A female student at Allegheny College contacted the head coach of the men's football team in January 2018 to express her interest in joining the squad. The student signed the NCAA handbook and began participating in the men's football team winter workouts.

고교야구단 숙박결정권자가 고려하는 호텔 선택속성 연구: 비즈니스호텔에 적용가능한 국내 단체고객을 중심으로

The study aims to derive the relative importance and priority between the hotel selection attributes that the decision makers who decide where to stay preferentially consider when the high school baseball team conducts camp training. To achieve this research goal, In-Depth Interview was conducted with 15 people responsible for hotel decisions, including head coaches and chief coaches. As a result, 47 hotel selection attributes judged to be important were derived. Based on this, as a result of using AHP analysis, it was found that secure parking spaces for large buses (10.64%) as the most significant, followed by consideration for the distance to the stadium(9.63%), extension of stay according to the result of the game (9.39%), past experience with the hotel (6.82%), environment around the hotel (4.43%), providing various types of rooms (4.33%), hotel structure that is easy to control the team (4.18%), convenience of laundry (3.59%), and independent room allocation for baseball teams (3.55%) appeared as important. Recently, due to COVID-19, hotel occupancy is declining. This study has the meaning of presenting the merits of the market that have not been noted so far, and suggesting the necessity and importance of research on the high school baseball team in the hospitality industry. The results offers a compelling insight to utilize in product composition, marketing strategies, and decision making for high school baseball market in the future.

Malaysian State Sports Schools Football Coaching Process Key Themes Development: Constant Comparison Method in Data Analysis

This study compares the Malaysian coaching process’s key development themes with Cote and Gilbert’s (2009) Effective Coaching Model in Malaysian football development. The participant selection is based on purposive sampling involving fourteen head coaches from State Sports Schools throughout Malaysia. In addition, an in-depth semi-structured interview with open-ended questions was carried out and analysed following Glaser and Strauss’s constant comparative method (1967). Based on the analysis, the following seven new development themes have emerged in the context of the Malaysian coaching process as compared to Cote and Gilbert, Effective Coaching Model: i) signature coaching, ii) risk management, iii) fun elements, iv) empowerment, v) spirituality, vi) life skills and vii) coaching intervention. Subsequent exploration is recommended to identify how this knowledge is integrated into the coaching process and applied in the Malaysian football development program.

Gender (Dis)Similarity in Mentorship Among Intercollegiate Coaches: Implications for Leader Development

Mentoring has been identified as an important antecedent for coaches’ professional and leadership development. I examined how the gender composition of head coach and assistant coach mentorship moderates the relationship between the quality of mentorship and assistant coaches’ leadership skills. The participants were 239 pairs of assistant and head coaches in U.S. college sports. The assistant coaches assessed the quality of mentorship with their head coaches, while the head coaches assessed their assistant coaches’ leadership skills. Mentorship quality was generally related to assistant coaches’ leadership skills, yet the relationships were positive and significant for dyads that involve female head coaches and not significant for dyads that involve male head coaches. The results indicate that gender composition may need to be considered in increasing the effectiveness of coaches’ mentorship. The findings inform the current practices in the implementation of mentoring for coaches’ leader development.

The interaction between servant leadership and organizational culture: an NCAA Division III case study

PurposeServant leadership is primarily focused on the empowerment and moral development of followers (Burton et al., 2017). Within sports research, little is known about how servant leadership interacts with organizational culture in teams. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the servant leadership of one head baseball coach and examine the degree to which servant leadership affects the program's culture.Design/methodology/approachData were collected for this case study of an NCAA Division III head baseball coach throughout one academic year. Sources included 12 interviews (ranging from four minutes to 92 min), observation of practices and games, textual analysis of documents and websites, as well as the coach's reflection journal. Data were analyzed using a six-phase process of thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006).FindingsThe participant exhibited the following servant leadership behaviors: empowering, helping subordinates grow and succeed, behaving ethically, and conceptual skills (Liden et al., 2015, 2008). In addition, the program maintained a culture featuring a few distinct artifacts, very clear espoused values, and three deeply held basic assumptions. The findings suggest that the head coach used servant leadership not to create or change culture but instead to amplify the existing culture of the baseball program.Originality/valueThere is strong evidence of a link between servant leadership and team culture, which is context-bound. At the Division III level, servant leadership behaviors can be used to embody a program's culture. Furthermore, through this embodiment, servant leaders can perpetuate an effective, functioning team culture, particularly within intercollegiate athletics.

Addressing Gender Discrimination in the NBA with a “Hammon” Rule

The purpose of this conceptual study was to examine how the National Basketball Association (NBA) should address gender discrimination in sports by implementing the “Hammon” Rule for head coaching and general manager hiring processes. Drawing from societal perceptions (Sagas & Cunningham, 2004; Schaeperkoetter et al., 2017), leadership (Burton, 2015) and the infusion of the Ecological-Intersectional Model (EIM) (LaVoi, 2016) as conceptual focal points, this article asserts that the NBA has important opportunities to lead other professional sports leagues to aid in its recruitment and retention of women in front-facing leadership roles. Utilizing Lapchick’s (2020a) report on race and gender for the NBA, this study calls for progressive action. As the current literature documents, legal and cultural factors, as well as leadership and lack of advocacy, all play a crucial role in how women are perceived within sport. This study provides a multi-faceted approach to addressing gender discrimination at the coaching and general manager levels, including accountability measures necessary for structural and organizational change to address gender discrimination in the NBA and beyond.

‘Coach, or female coach? And does it matter?’: An autoethnography of playing the gendered game over a twenty-year elite swim coaching career

ABSTRACT Women are under-represented in high-performance head coach positions throughout global sport. To shed light on why this under-representation exists within UK swimming, an autoethnographic account of the first author’s experiences as a woman who competed and coached in high-performance swimming over a thirty-year career is presented. Critical reflexive conversations with the second author, coupled with sourcing artefacts such as memories, photographs and emails inspired four evocative personal stories that chart the voyage of: 1) a child entering and aspiring in the sport, 2) the transition from a retired female athlete to novice coach; 3) progression in becoming an international coach, and; 4) reaching the pinnacle of a coaching career and then beginning a coach tutor role. Accounts of how gender as a relation of power was exercised and navigated during the inauguration and progression as a woman who coached in a patriarchal profession are offered. In the pursuit of winning Olympic medals, an unrecognised double bind was revealed to have been negotiated throughout the entirety of the coach development pathway whereby masculine ideals were uncritically reproduced within the cultural landscape of elite UK swimming. Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa offer analytical insight for how masculine norms were socially reproduced. This double bind is argued as having and continuing to impede women coaches’ progression towards achieving equality within high-performance settings like UK swimming. The study highlights the value of acknowledging socio-cultural factors in coach education to address gender imbalances at an elite level.

Malign and covert nationalism within British newspapers reporting of Eddie Jones’ appointment as head coach of the men's England national rugby union team

The appointment of Eddie Jones as the England men's rugby union head coach in 2015 was significant because he was the first foreign-born individual to occupy this role. After sourcing 136 British newspaper articles published one week either side of Jones’ official announcement for his appointment on 20th November 2015, this study identified three overarching themes for how narratives of this event were framed: (a) negativity and the loss of national identity; (b) positivity and need for cultural change underscored with conditional acceptance; and (c) declinism with the need for succession planning. Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus, embodied cultural and symbolic capital were drawn upon to theorise how much of the media initially rejected Jones’ appointment. The results indicated an overt and xenophobic ‘Little Englander’ narrative was first presented by some journalists based on Jones’ perceived Australian habitus and capital not reflecting the cultural values attached to English rugby union. Even when reports were positive, binary ‘one of our own/us’ and ‘outsider/them’ narratives represented symbolic violence through a malign ‘Little Englander’ attitude, albeit one that is a more covert form of discrimination than has previously been reported. Recommendations for continued analyses that acknowledge temporality within this discipline are finally presented.

Time to Say Goodbye: A Duration Analysis of the Determinants of Coach Dismissals and Quits in Major League Soccer

This study investigates the determinants of voluntary and involuntary head coach turnovers using a large dataset of some 6,500 coach-game observations from Major League Soccer over 2004–2019. The duration analysis results show that team performance related to expected playoff qualification and performance expectations matter for both types of separations. Moreover, the findings reveal that coach reputation decreases dismissal probabilities, while coach age increases quit rates. The results of this study will be of particular interest to Major League Soccer team owners and managers as well as for business management outside the sports industry.

Organizational influence across CEO life cycle: The moderating roles of prior performance and status

The CEO life cycle framework suggests discernable phases over CEO tenure that are associated with an inverted-U performance trajectory. The trajectory exhibits a performance improvement followed by a stagnation and ultimate decline. In this study, we investigate this general performance trajectory and leverage the behavioral theory of the firm to examine the moderating effect of an organizational-level factor – prior performance – on CEO life cycle. We also investigate the moderating effect of organizational status as an important organizational-level attribute on CEO life cycle. Through a multilevel analysis performed using random coefficient growth modeling of College Football Bowl Subdivision head coach data, we show the performance trajectory of CEOs can vary under different organizational conditions. Specifically, CEOs entering high performance organizations appear to have less initial performance improvement and a longer stagnation, while CEOs of higher organizational status exhibit a deferred and reduced performance decline. As such, this paper contributes to the understanding of how organizational-level factors can impact CEO tenure phases and associated performance patterns.

Analysis of the Implementation of the National Paralympic Committee of Indonesia Swimming Training Program in 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic canceled and postponed several sports events so that the targets that had been prepared and planned in the National Paralympic Committee training program were neglected. The purpose of this research is to describe the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the implementation of the training program at the National Paralympic Swimming Committee Indonesia 2021. These studies use a qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were Head coaches, coaches, athletes, and administrators of the National Paralympic Committee. The data analysis technique includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. The validity of the data in this study used data triangulation. Research result. 1) Strength: the implementation of the mesocycle, microcycle, macrocycle training program, the complete composition of trainers and infrastructure affects strength in the implementation of the swimming training program at the National Paralympic Committee. 2) weakness: targets on training programs that have been neglected due to the pandemic have made sports events canceled so that the training programs are not on target. 3) opportunity: the implementation of the National Paralympic Committee swimming training program brings achievement opportunities for athletes with Tryout Results who have reached the target. 4) The delay of several events can affect the athlete's mental state so that it poses a threat to the athlete during the competition. The recommendation from the results of the SWOT analysis is that the Swimming training program at the National Paralympic Committee has been measured and structured based on existing training theory. Although the targets in the training program had not been realized due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hoped that the National Paralympic Committee's Swimming athletes and coaches can prepare the athlete's condition for the upcoming event. So that athletes can readjust mentally back to the next competition.

Athlete-Centred Coaching in University Sport:

The purpose of this study was to investigate how, and to what extent, athlete-centred coaching practices were utilized in a university sport context. This project was informed by sociocultural coaching research that has demonstrated the potential negative consequences of disciplinary coaching approaches and in what ways, if at all, an athlete-centred coaching approach can address some of these concerns. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight varsity head coaches and then analyzed through a Foucualdian lens. The findings suggested that the successful delivery of athlete-centred coaching in university sport is made difficult by ingrained power relations and forms of knowledge which have traditionally made the coach the primary decision maker.

Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Research into sports coaches has identified the valuable role they play concerning social support provided to athletes together with their contribution to social and cultural interactions within both the participation and performance domains. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively extract and examine the knowledge and on-task cognitions of high-level coaches (HLCs) within strength and conditioning (S and C). Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) was used to examine ten HLCs, each purposefully sampled to reflect over eight years of work in full time environments. The analysis of responses demonstrated HLCs engage in a pattern of innovative and diverse thinking, together with adaptability and multilevel planning, designed to promote an inclusive approach from performers, coaches and management. Commonality was demonstrated within the decision making of HLCs during the design of training programs. Communication was another important consideration when connecting with athletes, observing athletes, speaking to the head coach and integrating their approach with others. A confident, flexible approach to adapting to situational demands was evident and supported by the ability to recall and select from a wide range of previously learnt and tested strategies. Evidence is offered for the importance of interpersonal and social factors in HLCs’ relationships with athletes and coaches. The incorporation of strategies to support versatile, dynamic decision making within future S and C coach development materials will support more impactful performances by coaches at all stages of the coaching process.

Fan in Chief: Richard Nixon and American Sports, 1969–1974

Fan in Chief: Richard Nixon and American Sports, 1969–1974

Deconstructing caring in the coach athlete relationship: a gentler form of domination

ABSTRACT Sport coaching scholars extol the hope that relations of care will bring to sport. Yet, the insidious nature of relations of power and domination have been under-theorised with respect to care theory in sport coaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to problematise sport coaches’ perceptions of caring relations and to consider how caring coaching practices discipline athletic bodies. Specifically, we re-analysed interview data collected from multiple studies over several years; participants included 53 assistant or head coaches representing 11 sports employed at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I level in the USA. Our reanalysis demonstrates how Foucault’s concepts such as technologies of discipline and the confession are enacted under the coaches’ articulation of care, thus creating docile bodies, whilst concealing issues related to equity, dependency, and exploitation

An exploration of reciprocity between female athletes and their coach in elite junior swimming: a shared reality theory perspective

ABSTRACT Based on the proposition that the relationship between a coach and athlete is at its best when both parties contribute to enhancing its quality, the present study sought to investigate if Shared Reality Theory could provide new insights on the topic. Specifically, the purpose of the present study was to explore: (a) how a shared reality is established, or fails to be established, over the course of the sporting partnership between athletes and their coach; and (b) how the presence of a shared reality (or not) in the coach-athlete relationship is related to the experienced quality of the relationship between athletes and their coach, as recorded over time. Narrative inquiry, embedded within a longitudinal qualitative approach, was adopted. Six female elite junior swimmers and their head coach completing three interviews each over a 9-month period. Data were analysed using narrative thematic analysis, leading to the development of two narratives: A prevention-oriented narrative and a promotion-oriented narrative. Overall, the findings suggests that athletes who experience a shared reality with their coach are more motivated and report a higher sense of psychological well-being. To establish the experience of a shared reality, reciprocal and honest communication motivated by trust in the other is needed. Due to power imbalance, it is deemed important for coaches to be supportive and trustworthy to encourage athletes to communicate with them, so the coach and his/her athletes can work together in a synergistic manner.

A hot mess: basketball coaches’ perceptions of ability versus actual performances of their athletes

Data analytics are an increasingly popular method for talent identification, and are used for a variety of decision making purposes, such as rotations and playing time. However, coaches often rely on their perceptions and experiences to identify talent and player attributes that are important to success. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate differences between coach perceptions of player ability against actual performances as well as to determine whether these perceptions differed as a head or assistant coach. Participants were six (two head; four assistant) college coaches who were asked to collectively identify the five most important attributes when evaluating a basketball player. Then, before the season began, all coaches were asked to independently score each of their athletes on these attributes using a 100mm Visual Analog Scale. These scores were compared to player performances during the season. Results were mixed, and while there were correlations between some player performance variables and coach perceptions, they varied wildly, and coaches’ perceptions of their athletes had little consistent correlation to their performances. Furthermore, there were few agreements between head coaches and their assistants or between assistants. Findings suggest that while coach perceptions and talent identification have their place, the use of data analytics in sports may provide additional support when making coaching decisions such as playing time. Therefore, coaches should recognize their own limitations of player talent and balance these “feelings” with statistical evidence.

Buying Out Coaches: The Secret Billion Dollar Public Industry

In most states, the highest paid public employee is a head coach at a public university in either football or men’s and women’s basketball. With such large salaries, a coach will have large buyouts when he or she is terminated without cause. If a university can find a way to terminate a coach for cause, it can, based on the coach’s contract, skirt its buyout and pay the coach a significantly lesser amount or nothing at all. Terminating a coach for cause can be extremely difficult and the NCAA has been proven to show a large amount of inconsistency when ruling whether a coach should or should not be terminated for cause. Universities need to adjust the structure of these large buyouts and favor a coach who does well, rather than a coach who does poorly.