HDTV Sequences Research Articles

Interactive scheduling for mobile multimedia service in M2M environment

Computational load of motion estimation in advanced video coding (AVC) standard is significantly high and its more true for HDTV sequences. In this paper, video processing algorithm is mapped onto a learning method to improve machine to machine (M2M) architecture, namely, the parallel reconfigurable computing (PRC) architecture, which consists of multiple units, First, we construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to represent the video coding algorithms comprising motion estimation. In the future trillions of devices are connected (M2M) together to provide services and that time power management would be a challenge. Computation aware scheme for different machine is reduced by dynamically scheduling usage of multi-core processing environment for video sequence depending up complexity of the video. And different video coding algorithm is selected depending upon the nature of the video. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of Psychological Factors for HDTV/3-D HDTV and Evaluation Method of Their Overall Impressions

We analyze the psychological factors of high-sensation-of-reality sequences for the HDTV and stereoscopic (3-D) HDTV. We discuss the applicability of a 1-D quality grading scale, which is used in the evaluation of picture quality, to the evaluation of their overall impressions. First, HDTV and 3-D HDTV sequences were analyzed with the semantic differential technique and factor analysis. Eight psychological factors were obtained separately for each television, and it was confirmed that naturalness extracted from the 3-D HDTV sequences was closely related to the disparity. Next, we examine whether the relationship between the opinion scores obtained using a seven-grade quality scale and the factor scores could be represented by multiple regression models. Consequently, the regression model was found to be applicable to scores for the HDTV sequences and inapplicable to those for the 3-D HDTV ones. The factor scores for naturalness (sense of naturalness) obtained from the 3-D HDTV sequences were found to have strong negative correlations with the disparities between sequences for right- and left-channels.

Parallel Reconfigurable Computing-Based Mapping Algorithm for Motion Estimation in Advanced Video Coding

Computational load of motion estimation in advanced video coding (AVC) standard is significantly high and even worse for HDTV and super-resolution sequences. In this article, a video processing algorithm is dynamically mapped onto a new parallel reconfigurable computing (PRC) architecture which consists of multiple dynamic reconfigurable computing (DRC) units. First, we construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to represent video coding algorithms in which motion estimation is the focus. A novel parallel partition approach is then proposed to map motion estimation DAG onto the multiple DRC units in a PRC system. This partitioning algorithm is capable of design optimization of parallel processing reconfigurable systems for a given number of processing elements in different search ranges. This speeds up the video processing with minimum sacrifice.

Intra Prediction Hardware Module For High-Profile H.264/AVC Decoder.

This paper presents an architecture of the INTRA prediction module for the High-Profile H.264/AVC decoder. The design supports all INTRA prediction modes spefified in the standard. The architecture is synthesized for Altera Stratix 2 device family and TSMC 0.13 μm technology. The maximal operating frequency for the latter is 200 MHz. The design is verified to be fully compliant with H.264/AVC High Profile except for MBAFF frame processing mode. Implementation results show that the module can support decoding of HDTV sequences in real time.

Concept of Linguistic Variable-Based Fuzzy Ensemble Approach: Application to Interlaced HDTV Sequences

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper addresses the problem of edge restoration in digital images. Taking advantage of an ensemble approach, multiple type-1 fuzzy filters are combined to reach a decision. The fuzzy logic concept for linguistic variables and possibility theory is discussed with regard to knowledge representation and inference procedures. To improve conventional deinterlacing issues, we adopt type-1 fuzzy set concepts to design a weight-measuring approach. We demonstrate that the fuzzy ensemble approach model is well suited to image processing and provide case studies in the video-deinterlacing field. In our proposed method, five fuzzy membership functions (MFs) of linguistic variable-based fuzzy logic filters are derived from the type-1 (a.k.a. ordinary or primary) fuzzy MF. The weight-measuring process of our proposed model is used to assign weights to six candidate deinterlaced pixels (CDPs) that are interpolated according to edge direction. The use of a different MF for each direction allows the filter to characterize each pixel variation influence independently, according to its direction. The weights from all MFs are multiplied with the CDPs. The results of the empirical trials clearly show that the proposed system can successfully deal with several image types containing motion or detail elements. </para>

３次元映像情報メディア技術 ２Ｄ／３Ｄ ＨＤＴＶ画像の心理因子分析と総合評価法に関する考察

The psychological factors of HDTV and stereoscopic (3-D) HDTV are discussed, as well as the applicability of a one-dimensional quality grading scale, which is often used in evaluating picture quality, to an evaluation of the overall impressions is studied. First, HDTV and 3-D HDTV sequences were analyzed with the Semantic Differential (SD) technique and factor analysis. Eight factors were obtained separately for each kind of television. Next, the relationship between the opinion scores obtained using a seven-grade quality scale and the factor scores was examined for representation by multiple regression models. Consequently, the regression model was found to be applicable to the scores for HDTV sequences and to be inapplicable to those for the 3-D HDTV sequences. The “Naturalness” (Sense of naturalness) from the 3-D HDTV was found to be closely related to the disparity.

Performance evaluation of MPEG-2 video coding for HDTV

We examine the subjective and objective performance of HDTV coded using the MPEG-2 video coding standard. Tests were conducted on seven HDTV sequences selected to cover a broad range of program materials in terms of scene content, complexity, motion speed and direction. The selected material was digitized in a 4:2:2 format with HDTV resolution and coded using the MPEG-2 main profile/high level syntax. Formal subjective assessment was performed by non-expert viewers on the sequences coded at a bit rate of 18 Mbits/s. Since MPEG-2 allows a great flexibility at the encoding end, we also examined the impact of various MPEG-2 encoding parameters on the quality of the reconstructed HDTV video sequences. The parameters include bit rate, the structure of picture organization, as well as temporal processing.

An adaptive hybrid coding scheme for HDTV and digital video sequences

In this paper, the image sequences are decomposed into seven sub-bands in the spatial domain using GQMF filters. Then, the base-band is interframe encoded using a simple 3-D block-matching method and LADVQ search algorithm. This band is used to decide the codebooks and the blocks sizes for encoding the high frequency bands. To reduce the complexity, the high-bands are encoded using the LAVQ. The simulation results show that good quality pictures can be obtained at a bit rate as low as 0.290 bpp (about 15 Mbits/sec). This rate will facilitate the transmission of three HDTV channels via a DS3 rated 45 Mbits/sec channel. This algorithm is tested on digital video sequences. We obtain high quality reconstructed images at an average bit rate of 0.460 bpp with PSNR of 35.04 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Block motion compensated coding of interlaced sequences using adaptively deinterlaced fields

Video coding algorithms using block motion compensation were first developed for progressively scanned sequences and as such, are not entirely suitable for interlaced sequences In this paper we present a new approach for block-based coding of interlaced sequences. This proposed algorithm processes the interlaced sequence as a sequence of even and odd fields by using the last decoded field, adaptively deinterlaced, for the motion compensated prediction of the current field. The deinterlacing is performed at the decoder and no extra information has to be sent to guide the adaptation. The algorithm is a simple and efficient alternative to algorithms using the last two decoded fields for the motion compensated prediction of the current field. The new approach can easily incorporate the use of fast search algorithms and allows the use of true half-pixel accuracy in the estimates of the vertical component of the motion vectors. In HDTV sequences tested, this algorithm achieves superior performance due to this half-pixel accuracy.

Multilayer subband-based video coding

A motion compensated interframe subband coding algorithm suitable for a wide range of video coding applications is described. In this approach the spectrum of each frame of video signal is first decomposed into smaller frequency bands where each can then be coded accordingly. For the best performance a combination of hybrid DCT/DPCM (discrete cosine transform/differential pulse code modulation), interframe DPCM, and intraframe PCM was considered. To preserve its hierarchical structure each band is coded independently of higher frequency bands but can share information with the lower bands. A simulation was carried out for HDTV sequences. >