Hydrochloric Research Articles

Research on the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of pyrimidine quaternary ammonium salt

Purpose At present, research on the preparation of corrosion inhibitors using modified pyrimidine derivatives is still blank. The purpose of this study is to synthesize a new cationic mercaptopyrimidine derivative quaternary ammonium salt, known as DTEBTAC, that can be used as a corrosion inhibitor to slow down the metal corrosion problems encountered in oil and gas extraction processes. Design/methodology/approach A new corrosion inhibitor was synthesized by the reaction of anti-Markovnikov addition and nucleophilic substitution. The weight loss method was used to study the corrosion inhibition characteristics of synthetic corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical and surface topography analyses were used to determine the type of inhibitor and the adsorption state formed on the surface of N80 steel. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations were used to investigate the synthetic corrosion inhibitor’s molecular structure and corrosion inhibition mechanisms. Findings The results of the weight loss method show that when the dosage of DTEBTAC is 1%, the corrosion rate of N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution at 90? is 3.3325 g m-2 h-1. Electrochemical and surface morphology analysis show that DTEBTAC can form a protective layer on the surface of N80 steel, and is a hybrid corrosion inhibitor that can inhibit the main anode. Quantum chemical parameter calculation shows that DTEBTAC has a better corrosion inhibition effect than DTP. The molecular dynamics simulation results show that DTEBTAC has stronger binding energy than DTP, and forms a network packing structure through hydrogen bonding, and the adsorption stability is enhanced. Originality/value A novel cationic mercaptopyrimidine derivative quaternium-ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor was designed and provided. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the synthesized mercaptopyrimidine derivative quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor is simple, and the presence of nitrogen-positive ions, sulfur atoms and nitrogen-rich atoms has an obvious corrosion inhibition effect, which can be used to inhibit metal corrosion during oil and gas field exploitation. It not only expands the application field of new materials but also provides a new idea for the research and development of new corrosion inhibitors.

Oxygen Measurement in Cuprate Superconductors Using the Dissolved Oxygen/Chlorine Method

We have developed a dissolved oxygen (DO) method with differential equation (DE) correction. We measured the oxygen content in La-based and Y-based superconductors, and succeeded in measuring the oxygen content simply in one-third of the time required by the iodometric titration method. However, there was a problem with Bi-based superconductors where the measured oxygen content was smaller compared to the iodometric titration method. We hypothesized that not only O2 but also Cl2 gas is generated when dissolving Bi-based superconductors and developed a dissolved oxygen/chlorine (DO/Cl) method with DE correction. This method uses only a dissolved oxygen sensor and a dissolved chlorine sensor to measure the dissolved oxygen and dissolved chlorine content in Bi2Sr2−xLaxCuOy, allowing for the calculation of copper valence and oxygen content. The results from the DO/Cl method with DE correction show that the measured copper valence and oxygen content differ very little from those obtained using the iodometric titration method, with discrepancies within 0.016 and 0.008, respectively. Additionally, this method reduces the measurement time by one-third compared to the iodometric titration method. The results demonstrate that the DO/Cl method with DE correction can effectively measure the copper valence and oxygen content in cuprate superconductors, and using hydrochloric acid as the experimental solution is superior to sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

Optimized SnO2 preparation and coherent interlayers for enhanced charge dynamics and efficient perovskite photovoltaics

The dense, uniform and conformal electron transport layers (ETLs) will largely promote charge separation and extraction. Here, the mixed acid (hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) was used to regulate preparation process and enhance utilization of materials, and the colloids of tin oxide (SnO2) nanocrystals were prepared through hydrothermal process. The complete dissolution of Sn source can increase purity, produce homogeneous precursor, reduce grain sizes and improve film-coverage. As confirmed, a coherent interlayer at the SnO2 ETLs/perovskite interfaces will be achieved by coupling a Cl-bonded SnO2 film with a Cl-containing perovskite precursor. This thin coherent interlayer will largely reduce interface traps, enhance rapid carrier extraction, and impede charge recombination. The uniform polymer phase of (PEO)120-(PPO)30 will be used to passivate traps at the grain boundaries of perovskite films and further improve the photovoltaic performance. The maximum energy conversion efficiency (23.17%, a VOC of 1.153 V, a JSC of 24.75 mA cm−2 and a FF of 0.812) of perovskite solar cells was achieved. The charge separation, extraction, and recombination kinetics (charge dynamic process) was determined by the related characterization techniques. The functionalized SnO2-ETLs and formed coherent interlayer will provide a simple strategy to effectively decrease interface traps, enhance charge extraction, and facilitate development of perovskite solar cells.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Inhibitor Efficiency of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Essential Oil (EuEO) on Mild Steel Corrosion in a Molar Hydrochloric Acid Medium

As a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a molar hydrochloric acid medium, we investigated the potential of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EuEO). Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves, and theoretical methods, including DFT/B3LYP 6-31G (d, p) and Monte Carlo simulations, the interactions between the EuEO components and the steel surface were analyzed. D-Allose, Betulinaldehyde, and Uvaol were identified as the major active compounds in the GC-MS analysis. The experimental results showed that EuEO reached an inhibitory efficiency as high as 97% at a 1 g/L concentration. The findings suggest that EuEO operates as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both cathodic and anodic reactions, as well as building up a protective coating on the steel surface. Simulations also confirmed that EuEO molecules function as electron donors and acceptors, enhancing corrosion resistance.

Changes in the structure of red mud and black nickel mud after activation

This paper deals with the evaluation of the structure of selected hazardous wastes from the production of metals, namely waste from the production of aluminium - red mud and waste from the production of nickel - black nickel mud. In environmental applications, red mud and black nickel mud are likely to be used after activation. The samples were activated using hydrochloric acid to study the structure properties before and after the treatment. Both of these wastes have suitable adsorption and catalytic properties that could be positively affected by the activation of their surfaces. The morphology of the samples was documented by scanning electron microscope, phase analysis was performed using diffraction techniques, and the content of elements was determined by EDX analysis. Also, FTIR analysis of the samples was performed. Activation increases the specific surface area of samples, which is beneficial in many environmental applications, such as in the adsorptive removal of pollutants. Treatment of samples changes the surface properties of the adsorbent, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic. The activation creates a new surface structure and thus affects its properties. EDX analysis confirmed the high content of Fe, Al, Si and Ti, which are responsible for good adsorption and catalytic properties. X-ray diffractograms have shown only slight changes in the structure of wastes after activation. The results of SEM confirmed the changes in the surface structure and the creation of new active centres necessary for the successful adsorption process. The FTIR analysis determined the changes in the structure of the samples mainly due to the thermal degradation of C=O and O-Si-O bonds.

Sustainable conversion of vine shoots and pig manure into high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising candidates for future grid energy storage, with hard carbons emerging as key commercial anode materials. This study presents a novel approach to synthesize N-doped hard carbons via co-hydrothermal treatment of vine shoots and pig manure and subsequent thermal annealing of the resulting hydrochar. This method enhances the development of micro- and ultra-microporosity in the synthesized hard carbons, with nitrogen, and to a lesser extent phosphorus and sulfur, introduced as doping elements. Furthermore, the incorporation of hydrochloric acid during the hydrothermal step promotes biomass hydrolysis, leading to increased mesoporosity and the formation of microsphere clusters. In the realm of electrochemical performance, an investigation into various ester- and ether-based electrolytes has revealed NaPF6 in diglyme as the best formulation, thanks to its thinner and more stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Using this electrolyte, the best-performing electrode showed an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 73 %, with reversible capacities of 239, 180, 86, and 57 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 A g−1, respectively. In addition, the electrode exhibited a remarkable capacity retention of 88 % after 250 cycles as well as a compatible behavior when paired with a NVPF-based cathode.

Hemoglobin Regeneration Efficiency and Relative Iron Bioavailability of Four Elemental Iron Powders in Rats

Effective food fortification strategies using elemental iron powders (EIPs) are needed to combat iron deficiency anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) and relative iron bioavailability (RBV) of four food-grade EIPs (El-Lyte (EL), Hi-Sol (HS), H-325 (H3), and A-131 (A1)) by treating anemic rats with 14 d iron repletion diets (uncooked and cooked), fortified with a 12, 24, or 36 mg iron/kg diet of the EIPs, ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FS, FeSO4•H2O), or no added iron (control), n = 9–12/group. The ability of EL and HS to maintain hemoglobin for 6 weeks on the 6 mg iron/kg diet was also studied. The dissolution rate of iron from the EIPs was measured in hydrochloric acid at pH 1.0. Compared to FS, the EL, HS, and A1 EIPs had >50% overall RBV, with the following order: HS > A1 > EL > H3 (p ≤ 0.05); the effect of cooking was not significant (p > 0.05). Dissolution testing revealed that the mean RBV of the EIPs was positively associated with the percentage of iron solubility. In the 6-week maintenance study, EL and HS maintained hemoglobin as well as FS. Overall, the findings show that at the concentrations of iron tested, these EIPs are effective fortification agents to replenish hemoglobin and correct iron deficiency anemia.

Pulmonary osteoclast-like cells in silica induced pulmonary fibrosis.

The pathophysiology of silicosis is poorly understood, limiting development of therapies for those who have been exposed to the respirable particle. We explored mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in human lung samples collected from patients with occupational exposure to silica and in a longitudinal mouse model of silicosis using multiple modalities including whole-lung single-cell RNA sequencing and histological, biochemical, and physiologic assessments. In addition to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, intratracheal silica challenge induced osteoclast-like differentiation of alveolar macrophages and recruited monocytes, driven by induction of the osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL) in pulmonary lymphocytes, and alveolar type II cells. Anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody treatment suppressed silica-induced osteoclast-like differentiation in the lung and attenuated pulmonary fibrosis. We conclude that silica induces differentiation of pulmonary osteoclast-like cells leading to progressive lung injury, likely due to sustained elaboration of bone-resorbing proteases and hydrochloric acid. Interrupting osteoclast-like differentiation may therefore constitute a promising avenue for moderating lung damage in silicosis.

Divergent histopathological and molecular patterns in chemically induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome rat models

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a complex chronic pain disorder with an elusive etiology and nonspecific symptoms. Although numerous animal models with phenotypes similar to human disease have been established, no available regimen can consistently alleviate clinical symptoms. This dilemma led us to question whether current animal models adequately represent IC/BPS. We compared four commonly used IC/BPS rat models to determine their diverse histopathological and molecular patterns. Female rats were given single treatments with hydrochloric acid (HCL), acetic acid (AA), protamine sulfate plus lipopolysaccharide (PS + LPS), or cyclophosphamide (CYP) to induce IC/BPS. Bladder sections were stained for histopathologic evaluation, and mRNA expression profiles were examined using next-generation sequencing and gene set analyses. Mast cell counts were significantly higher in the HCL and AA groups than in the PS + LPS, CYP, and control groups, but only the AA group showed significant collagen accumulation. The models differed substantially in terms of their gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. Our observations suggest that none of these rat models fully reflects the complexity of IC/BPS. We recommend that future studies apply and compare multiple models simultaneously to fully replicate the complicated features of IC/BPS.

Cholesterol-lowering effect of Pediococcus strains isolated from mother’s milk in mice

Purpose The Pediococcus strains belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This study aims to isolate and identify the Pediococcus spp. from mother’s milk, and investigate their tolerance to low pH and bile salts, antibacterial activity, attachment to HT-29 cells and effect on cholesterol-lowering and digestive enzymes in mice. Design/methodology/approach Pediococcus species were isolated from mother’s milk, then tested for tolerance to acid and bile salts, their antibacterial effect and attachment to HT-29 cell line. In mice experiment, the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase in serum of mice were measured after administration of 108 CFU/mL bacterial suspension. Findings A total of 24 Pediococcus spp. including 16 isolates of Pediococcus pentosaceus and 8 isolates of Pediococcus acidilactici were isolated. Fifteen isolates (62.5%) were able to survive in low pH and bile salt concentration. Ten isolates (41.6%) exhibited the most powerful inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. A total of four Pediococcus isolates (16.67%) showed strong attachment to HT-29 cells. In contrast to HDL-C and amylase, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were reduced and lipase was elevated significantly following administration of mother milk-derived Pediococcus isolates. Originality/value The Pediococcus isolates demonstrated good probiotic properties in particular cholesterol-lowering ability in mice. Thus, after more studies they can be considered as probiotic strain(s).

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mediates reflux-induced epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in Barrett’s oesophagus patients

IntroductionEpithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), the process through which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features, is needed for wound repair but also might contribute to cancer initiation. Earlier, in vitro studies showed that...

Extraction and Structural Analysis of Sweet Potato Pectin and Characterization of Its Gel

Pectin is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, data on sweet potato pectin extraction and structural property analyses are lacking. Here, for the high-value utilization of agricultural processing waste, sweet potato residue, a byproduct of sweet potato starch processing, was used as raw material. Ammonium oxalate, trisodium citrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, hydrochloric acid and citric acid were used as extractants for the pectin constituents, among which ammonium oxalate had a high extraction rate of sweet potato pectin, low ash content and high molecular weight. Structural and gelation analyses were conducted on ammonium oxalate-extracted purified sweet potato pectin (AMOP). Analyses showed that AMOP is a rhamnogalacturonan-I-type pectin, with a molecular weight of 192.5 kg/mol. Chemical titration and infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that AMOP is a low-ester pectin, and scanning electron and atomic force microscopy demonstrated its linear molecular structure. Gelation studies have revealed that Ca2+ is the key factor for gel formation, and that sucrose significantly enhanced gel hardness. The highest AMOP gel hardness was observed at pH 4, with a Ca2+ concentration of 30 mg/g, pectin concentration of 2%, and sucrose concentration of 40%, reaching 128.87 g. These results provide a foundation for sweet potato pectin production and applications.

Removal of hypertoxic Cr(VI) from water by polyaniline-coated ZIF-67-derived nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon.

Heavy metals are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable, posing a serious threat to the water environment and human beings. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly efficient adsorbent that is easy to recover and separate for the removal of heavy metals. In this paper, nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon (NC-67) was prepared by carbonization and hydrochloric acid treatment using cobalt-containing MOF (ZIF-67) as precursor. Then, polyaniline (PANI) was grown directly on NC-67 with high specific surface area by in situ polymerization to prepare polyaniline-coated nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon (NC-67@PANI), which was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and VSM, etc. and used for the removal of Cr(VI)from wastewater. The experimental results showed that the adsorption process of Cr(VI) by NC-67@PANI was spontaneous and endothermic, which conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Due to the synergistic effect of adsorption and reduction, the experimental adsorption capacity of NC-67@PANI for Cr(VI) was 410.2 mg/g. NC-67@PANI maintained a removal efficiency of 65.8% for Cr(VI) after five cycles. In addition, NC-67@PANI had good magnetism and was easy to separate under external magnetic field. The excellent adsorption capacity and easy separation characteristics of NC-67@PANI indicate that it is a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.

Corrosion resistance of aluminum against acid activation in 1.0M HCl by symmetrical ball - type zinc phthalocyanine.

The inhibition effect of symmetrical Ball - type Zinc Phthalocyanine on Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid was analyzed by electrochemical techniques. A novel ball-type zinc phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) inhibitor has been synthesized and verified utilizing FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), MALDI-TOF MS, and absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In addition, laser-induced breakdown and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed for additional study. Weight loss technique was employed to investigate the corrosion inhibition effectiveness of the synthesized Zn-Pc on Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid at the range of variation temperatures (293-333K). The inhibition efficiency of Zn-Pc increased with higher concentrations of Zn-Pc and decreased as the temperature increased. Furthermore, Zn-Pc demonstrated outstanding outcomes, achieving 72.9% at a very low inhibitor concentration (0.4 mmol/L) at 298K. The experimental data for Zn-Pc Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the corrosion system's thermodynamic parameters and activation energy were determined. Quantum chemical calculations applying the (DFT) Density Functional Theory method was conducted and applied in this study. These calculations played a pivotal role in elucidating molecular structures and reactivity patterns. Through DFT, numerous reactivity indicators were computed, providing valuable insights into the chemical behavior of the studied compounds. These indicators, such as frontier molecular orbitals, electron density, and molecular electrostatic potential, were subsequently correlated with experimental data.

Conversion of rice husks into carbonaceous materials with porous structures via hydrothermal process.

Carbonaceous materials hydrothermally produced using waste biomass have small specific surface areas (SSA) and poor porosity properties. In this study, we prepare a novel carbonaceous material with excellent porosity properties by suppressing the formation of a secondary char phase (spheres) and promoting biomass hydrolysis by controlling the hydrothermal conditions. Rice husk powders, as the starting material, are hydrothermally treated using acidic solvents of different types and concentrations at 180 °C. The surfaces of the samples hydrothermally prepared using the acidic solvents have no spheres. In the case of 0.1-0.2 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid (HA), the amorphous carbonaceous materials contain numerous mesopores and exhibit a larger SSA (approximately 100 m2 g-1) than those prepared using acetic acid and distilled water. An increase in the hydrothermal temperature reduces the porosity properties of the materials. Finally, the high-porosity amorphous carbonaceous material showed excellent trimethylamine adsorption ability.

Studies on Recovery of Performance of Fouled Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes on Cleaning after Treatment of Oil–Water Emulsions

Herein, we discussed the pure water flux recovery of carbon based nanofillers embedded polyvinyl chloride nanocomposite membranes after physical cleaning through backwashing & flushing with flow reversal and after chemical cleaning using hydrochloric acid and caustic soda. The water flux recovery by backwashing is more than that by forward flushing for all the membrane but it is more effective in carbon black (CB) & graphitized carbon black (GCB) carbon-based membranes than relatively hydrophilic multiwalled carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) & carboxylated multiwalled carbon-nanotube (CMWCNT) based nanocomposite membranes. The highest water flux recovery was found ~96% for nanocomposite membranes by backwashing and caustic soda cleaning. The combination of backwashing and caustic soda cleaning could be the most effective method of cleaning of oil-water fouled membranes to restore the maximum water flux.

Hydrothermal dechlorination strategy for high-quality oil recovery from polyvinyl chloride

The global production of PVC is around 3.5 million tons each year. Unfortunately, the disposal of PVC waste releases toxic substances such as hydrochloric acid, polychlorinated dioxins, and furans, which can harm the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and environmentally friendly thermochemical treatment method that reduces the damage caused by HCl gas produced during PVC pyrolysis and improves the quality of pyrolysis oil. Hydrothermal treatment technology is one of the potential dechlorination strategies for PVC. However, its efficiency is reduced in the supercritical region, while the additives used result in secondary pollution and increased operating costs. This study is pioneering in its approach, aiming to produce high-quality oil with reduced chlorine through low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of PVC, all without additives. The results are promising, indicating that by administering steam at 250 °C with a 2.0–3.0 g-steam/g-feed ratio, we can significantly reduce chlorine content to 0.13 % while achieving an oil yield of up to 14.9 % from PVC. The hydrothermal process can reduce CO2 emissions by 15–43 % compared to pyrolysis methods, providing a simultaneous opportunity for carbon neutrality and resource recovery.

Conversion of rice husks into carbonaceous materials with porous structures via hydrothermal process.

Carbonaceous materials hydrothermally produced using waste biomass have small specific surface areas (SSA) and poor porosity properties. In this study, we prepare a novel carbonaceous material with excellent porosity properties by suppressing the formation of a secondary char phase (spheres) and promoting biomass hydrolysis by controlling the hydrothermal conditions. Rice husk powders, as the starting material, are hydrothermally treated using acidic solvents of different types and concentrations at 180 °C. The surfaces of the samples hydrothermally prepared using the acidic solvents have no spheres. In the case of 0.1-0.2 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid (HA), the amorphous carbonaceous materials contain numerous mesopores and exhibit a larger SSA (approximately 100 m2 g-1) than those prepared using acetic acid and distilled water. An increase in the hydrothermal temperature reduces the porosity properties of the materials. Finally, the high-porosity amorphous carbonaceous material showed excellent trimethylamine adsorption ability.

Studies on Recovery of Performance of Fouled Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes on Cleaning after Treatment of Oil–Water Emulsions

Herein, we discussed the pure water flux recovery of carbon based nanofillers embedded polyvinyl chloride nanocomposite membranes after physical cleaning through backwashing & flushing with flow reversal and after chemical cleaning using hydrochloric acid and caustic soda. The water flux recovery by backwashing is more than that by forward flushing for all the membrane but it is more effective in carbon black (CB) & graphitized carbon black (GCB) carbon-based membranes than relatively hydrophilic multiwalled carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) & carboxylated multiwalled carbon-nanotube (CMWCNT) based nanocomposite membranes. The highest water flux recovery was found ~96% for nanocomposite membranes by backwashing and caustic soda cleaning. The combination of backwashing and caustic soda cleaning could be the most effective method of cleaning of oil-water fouled membranes to restore the maximum water flux.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Alkaloids from Thalictrum delavayi Franch. and Their Therapeutic Potential on Pulmonary Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

Bacterial co-infected pneumonia is an acute inflammatory reaction of the lungs mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotics are urgently important but have the disadvantage of antibacterial resistance, and alternative treatments with medicinal plants are attractive. On the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Thalictrum delavayi Franch. (T. delavayi) is an important member of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), is rich in alkaloids and has been used in folk medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the extraction process of total alkaloids from the whole T. delavayi plant was optimized and the extract’s therapeutic potential against pulmonary infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was investigated. The results showed that the optimum experimental conditions for the total alkaloids (2.46%) from T. delavayi were as follows: hydrochloric acid volume fraction of 0.8%, solid–liquid ratio of 1:12 and sonication time of 54 min. The treatment reduced bacterial counts, white blood cell counts and inflammatory cell classification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum in experimental groups. The results in our experimental preliminary work suggested that the total alkaloids from T. delavayi had therapeutic effects on mice with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli mixed infectious pneumonia, providing experimental support for the plant’s therapeutic potential in treating pulmonary infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.