Hatha Yoga Intervention Research Articles

Hatha yoga reduces momentary stress but does not impact diurnal profiles of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: A randomized controlled trial

Does the practice of yoga impact stress? Various studies have suggested that yoga may reduce both self-reported stress and stress biomarkers, but the evidence for such claims remains inconclusive, especially for yoga styles with a focus on physical postures. In a randomized controlled trial with 98 participants, we therefore examined whether an eight-week Hatha yoga intervention (60 min, 3×/week or more) led to reduced levels of diurnal salivary cortisol (sCort), salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), and subjective momentary stress as compared to a waitlist control group. To ensure the concomitant assessment of self-report and biological measures in an ecologically valid setting, and to capture the diurnal profile of cortisol and alpha-amylase, we employed an ecological momentary assessment approach. Five times per day, participants reported their momentary stress levels on a visual analogue scale and collected saliva samples for the assessment of salivary biomarkers. The intervention led to a significant reduction of subjective momentary stress but there was no change in diurnal sCort or sAA levels. There are several potential explanations for these findings: The intervention may have helped participants to cope better with stress while leaving diurnal levels of stress biomarkers unaffected, or the change may at least not have been reflected in sCort and sAA. Alternatively, there may have been a self-report bias, insofar as a favorable disposition towards yoga may have led participants to report reductions in stress in order to indicate positive effects of the intervention. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of distinct yoga interventions, demonstrating their potential to serve as low-risk stress relief tools.

Pengaruh Hatha Yoga Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Anak-Anak Anggota Sanggar Samirata

The mental health of the children of Sanggar Samirata members tends to be poor. The poor mental health of the children of Sanggar Samirat members is characterized by stress, anxiety, and emotional instability. Hatha yoga is a non-pharmacological intervention that can help control thoughts and emotions, and improve health holistically. This study aimed of this study was to determine the effect of hatha yoga on the mental health of the children of Sanggar Samirata members. This study used an experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest experimental design. The population of this study was 23 children of Sanggar Samirata members. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The data collection method used self-report with a data collection tool in the form of an inventory, namely the Brief Mental Health Inventory (BMHI-12). This measuring instrument had a Cronbach alpha reliability level of 0.824. Hatha yoga intervention was given in 16 meetings. Hatha yoga was given twice every week with a duration of 2 hours each meeting. Hatha yoga intervention was given by yoga instructors who had competence in their field. Data analysis techniques in this study used paired sample t-test, with the data normality assumption test performed first. Different tests results in this study showed a t-value of -5.971 with a significance of 0.000 (P <0.05). It meant that there was an influence of hatha yoga on the mental health of the children of Sanggar Samirata members.

Pengaruh Hatha Yoga terhadap Keseimbangan Tubuh Lansia Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar

ABSTRACT
 
 The elderly experience changes in muscle structure, namely a decrease in the number and muscle atrophy. The impact of these changes can reduce muscle strength and mobility. Muscular strength is a major component of walking, walking and balance. Weakness of extremity muscles, especially the lower part can cause disturbances in body balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hatha yoga on the balance of the elderly body. Hatha yoga training emphasizes the mind, physical movement, and breathing. The movements produced in hatha yoga are coordinated from the muscles of the body to obtain good body stability and flexibility, which can help improve balance. This type of research is pre-experimental with one group pretest posttest design. Samples were taken using purposive sampling consisting of 11 elderly people aged 60-74 years. Pre and post intervention elderly body balance data were collected using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) checklist. Before the hatha yoga intervention was given, most of the respondents had moderate body balance, namely 7 respondents (63.6%). After being given a hatha yoga intervention for 4 weeks which was carried out 3 times a week, there was a change in the level of body balance in the elderly. Most of the respondents have a good level of body balance as many as 6 respondents (54.5%). Based on statistical tests using Wilcoxon, a p-value of 0.025 was obtained, meaning that there was an effect of hatha yoga on the balance of the elderly body. Based on these results, it is expected that the elderly will increase their activeness in hatha yoga activities by following a predetermined schedule regularly to increase the level of body balance so as to reduce the risk of falling.
 
 Keywords : hatha yoga; balance; elderly

The effect of web-based Hatha yoga on psychological distress and sleep quality in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTo date, there has been very limited experimental research on the impact of Yoga on older adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed to explore the effect of a web-based Hatha yoga program on psychological and quality of sleep in older adults who self-isolated at home during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. MethodsTwo hundred volunteers of both sexes were split into experimental (Yoga group, YG) and control (Control group, CG) groups, in a web-based randomized controlled study. All participants were administered the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); at baseline and following an eight-week online Hatha yoga intervention. ResultsThe YG showed significant reductions in depression (−56.1%; Z = 5.67, p < 0.01, r = 0.70) anxiety (−64.3%; Z = 5.27, p < 0.01, r = 0.65) and stress (−68.2%; Z = 5.86, r = 0.73) scores, while the CG showed a significant increase in depression. In addition, the total PSQI score of the YG was considerably lower during follow-up (3.38 ± 2.02, p < 0.05) than at baseline (4.8 ± 32, p < 0.05), which indicates an improvement of the quality of sleep. The proportion of individuals experiencing good sleep from the YG increased from 63% to 85% after the Hatha yoga intervention. ConclusionThe use of a web-based Hatha Yoga intervention program was associated with a beneficial effect on the mental health and quality of sleep in older adults.

Effectiveness of an 8-week hatha yoga intervention to improve lower back pain in university office workers: A mixed-methods pilot exploratory study.

Hatha yoga programs have been shown to be effective at improving low back pain among a variety of populations; however, methods to decrease low back pain of university office employees have not been studied. To examine the impact of an 8-week hatha yoga intervention on measures of health among university office employees. Seven participants completed the 8-week yoga intervention. All measures, including anthropometric measures and online questionnaires, were completed at baseline and post-intervention. Baseline pain intensity (6.6±3.1) and pain interference (15.6±4.7) reflected a moderate level of back pain and moderate to severe interference. Pain intensity showed a non-significant improvement with medium-to-large effect size [p = 0.07, (d = 0.7)]. There was a significant improvement with a large effect size [p = 0.002, (d = 2.4)] in pain interference. Baseline anxiety (7.4±3.6) reflected a borderline abnormal symptom level, but anxiety significantly reduced to normal levels at post-intervention with a medium effect size [p = 0.002 (d = 0.5)]. Focus group themes were improvements in health and development of a sense of community. Hatha yoga may be an effective mode of low-impact physical activity to decrease pain and improve mental health while facilitating a sense of community for office workers employed by a university. This study demonstrates promising results with large effect sizes; however, more research with larger sample size and randomized treatment and control groups are needed for future study efforts.

A Six-week Hatha Yoga Intervention On Total Body Muscular Strength In Resistance Trained, Young Adults

A Six-week Hatha Yoga Intervention On Total Body Muscular Strength In Resistance Trained, Young Adults

Comparative effectiveness of Yoga and Pilates intervention on respiratory function of patients with breast cancer

Objective: Most modern breast cancer treatments are shown to be effective in terms of survival but lead to side effects such as dysfunction of the upper limb, lymphedema, pain syndrome, plexitis, сardiotoxicity, fatigue, and pulmonary complications. Applied radiotherapy enhances the number of side effects that patients with breast cancer experience over a long period. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of Hatha Yoga and Pilates interventions on respiratory function in patients with breast cancer.Methods: 95 women completed the interventions and were included in the final analysis. The participants, staged I-II, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group A (n = 48, 57.53 ± 1.92 years) received Hatha Yoga intervention and group B (n = 47, 58.00 ± 1.27 years) received Pilates intervention. Both programs were conducted for 12 weeks, with three 60-min sessions per week. Spirometry was used to measure pre- and post-intervention functional capacity of the respiratory system.Results: Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were found in Vital Capacity, Forced Vital Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow, Maximum Expiratory Flow25, Expiratory Reserve Volume and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation in Hatha Yoga group compared with Pilates group. There was no significant difference between both groups in Force Expiratory Volume and Maximum Expiratory Flow50 (p&gt;0,05) Conclusions: Hatha Yoga and Pilates interventions are both effective in respiratory function, but Hatha Yoga turns out more beneficial.

A247 MEDITATION AND YOGA FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (MY-IBS): A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

BackgroundWhen delivered in person, yoga is effective in managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms. However, research is needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of yoga as a therapeutic option when delivered virtually.AimsThe aim was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a yoga program, delivered virtually, for patients with IBS. We hypothesized the program would be feasible and effective in improving outcomes in the intervention group compared to the control group.MethodsAdults diagnosed with IBS were randomized to receive either a Hatha yoga intervention or to an advice-only control group. The intervention consisted of facilitator-led weekly online classes for eight weeks delivered using Microsoft Office Teams and daily home practice. Yoga sessions included sequential delivery of postures, chanting, breathing exercises, and meditation over four weeks, with integrated practice over the final four weeks. Feasibility was evaluated with recruitment and attrition rates, adherence, and safety. The primary outcome was severity of IBS symptoms (IBS-Symptom Severity Score, IBS-SSS). Secondary outcomes included anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) assessed at baseline and eight weeks. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis of variance (and covariance) models compared baseline and post-intervention data between groups using intent to treat analysis.ResultsSixty-five participants participated (32 treatment, 33 control). The mean age was 44.2±14.1 years and 91% identified as female. Participants had been living with IBS for 11.7±11 years. Fifteen participants were lost to follow-up (20% attrition rate). Participants attended on average 5.9±1.7 out of a possible 8 sessions (74% adherence) and accumulated 1,187±545 minutes in daily practice over eight weeks. No adverse events were reported. The groups did not differ at baseline (P>0.05). From baseline to post intervention, unadjusted ANOVA models indicated the yoga program was not statistically superior to the control group for IBS-symptoms (-17.5 points; 95% CI -62.6 to 27.6; P = 0.440), anxiety (-0.91 points; 95% CI -2.47 to 0.64; P = 0.245) and stress (-0.65 points; 95% CI -1.73 to 0.44; P = 0.239). Significant differences between groups were seen for depression (-1.82 points; 95% CI -3.49 to -0.15; P = 0.033). A second model considered relevant covariates including age, comorbidities, and years since diagnosis (i.e., ANCOVA), and the results were similar to the unadjusted model.ConclusionsOur virtual Hatha yoga and mediation program was feasible, and participants showed improvement in their depression scores. However, they did not experience a significant improvement in their IBS symptoms, anxiety, or stress, perhaps due to the short timeframe of the intervention.Funding AgenciesNone

Mindful and Compassionate Self, Grounded Together: A Qualitative Description of Postmenopausal Women's Perceptions of Balance Flow Yoga.

Yoga has promising benefits for women to reduce fall-injury risk by improving balance, strength, confidence, and other risk factors, although the effect of yoga on reducing injury risk and fall rates is still not clearly established. The objective of the present study was to determine postmenopausal women's perceived changes in overall health and well-being and some of the facilitators and challenges to participating in a 12-week Balance Flow Yoga class, a group-based hatha yoga intervention designed specifically to address fall risk factors. Thirty-six women 50-70 years of age participated in an intervention study consisting of 12 weeks of a control period followed by 12 weeks of twice-weekly hatha Balance Flow Yoga in a community yoga studio. Twenty-three women and four yoga instructors/trainers participated in focus group discussions after the intervention was completed. Discussion was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis by three researchers, a student trainee, and a research assistant. Two overarching themes and four subthemes were revealed. The two overarching themes Mindful and Compassionate Self and Grounded Together represented participants' perceptions of personal growth and their approach to living and the sense of community support and connection. Four interrelated subthemes were Creating a Safe Space; Sense of Community and Commitment; Benefits: Physical and Beyond ; and Balancing Individual Needs. This study demonstrated perceptions of physical, emotional, and social benefits after 12 weeks of Balance Flow Yoga; these benefits could influence women's health, wellness, and future fall risk.

Review on Internet Addiction in Adolescent: Biomolecular, Hatha Yoga Intervention, COVID-19 Pandemic and Immune Systems

Internet addiction in adolescent during pandemic COVID-19 will be predicted to be increased more than ever. There is need prevention or intervention program to solve this problem. Hatha yoga is considered to be impact mind-body stress relieving exercise found that improve the internet addiction sign and symptoms, but lack of evidence reviews about neurobiology model that effect Hatha yoga and internet addiction. This present review summarizes about Hatha yoga epigenetic mechanism effects could improve in internet addiction. PubMed, ResearchGate and Google scholar have been searched with the following key terms “Internet Addiction and Yoga”, “Yoga and Mental Health”, “Addiction”, “Yoga”, “Addiction and COVID-19”, “exercises and mental health”, “exercise and brain neuroplasticity” from December 2019 up to December 2020. Study in the internet addiction found that significant the expression level of the mRNA of D5 dopamine receptor was significant down-regulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The literature summarized in this review have shown that Hatha yoga effect through epigenetic process could improve the gene expression mRNA of D5 dopamine receptor in PBLs in the brain in order to improve internet addiction symptoms and sign and active transcription factor Nrf2 to increase the immune system.

The effect of a Hatha Yoga practice on hamstring flexibility

PurposeTo determine the effect of a 7-week Hatha yoga intervention on hamstrings flexibility using a digital goniometer. It was hypothesized that hamstring flexibility will increase in a young healthy adult population. MethodsThirty-one college-aged males and females (Mage= 21 ± 2.62) years participated in 110 minutes twice per week for a 7-week progressive yoga intervention. Pre and post-test measurements were taken to determine hamstring flexibility on the right and left leg using a digital goniometer. ResultsA paired samples t-test indicated a significant difference in the pre and post-test on hamstring flexibility (p < .05). Results for the right leg pre-test (t(30) = -6.64, p <0.05, 95% CI (-6.14, -3.25), d = 0.77. p < 0.05 as well as a significant difference in the left pre and post-ROM (t(30) = -6.93, p <0.05, 95% CI (-2.97, -6.79), d = 0.52, p < 0.05 indicated an improvement after the intervention. Average range of motion increase was 4 degrees in both legs. ConclusionHamstring flexibility can be improved with a progressive 7-week Hatha yoga session and may be used as a modality to improve flexibility and function in activities of daily living as well and athletic performance.

How Should Yoga in Anorexia Nervosa Treatment be Applied? A Qualitative Pilot Study on Yoga Strategies Perceived to be Beneficial from Patients' Perspective

An altered interoception is a central correlate of anorexia nervosa (AN) and addressing this issue offers a promising approach in the treatment of AN. First results have shown the effectiveness of yoga as a body-focused intervention in the treatment of AN. However, to date there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the question how yoga strategies and yoga elements (postures, relaxation, breath, meditation) should be applied. Against this background, we conducted a qualitative pilot study with n=6 female patients with AN undergoing treatment in a specialist unit supporting re-insertion subsequent to a preceding inpatient AN treatment. Study participants received a weekly one-hour hatha-yoga intervention over at least 12 weeks. After the yoga intervention, semi-structured interviews (1/2 to 1 hour) were conducted to assess the experiences of the study participants during the yoga intervention. The data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. At the upper level of analysis, four categories were differentiated: information regarding 1) study participants' symptoms, 2) aspects of the setting experienced to be beneficial, 3) yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial and 4) perceived consequences of yoga strategies. With regard to the yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial, analyses revealed 4 subcategories: features of 1) postures and movements, 2) breath and meditation exercises, 3) relaxation exercises and 4) general information about the setting. The results give first indications regarding the conceptualization of yoga in the treatment of AN and potential mechanisms. Further qualitative and quantitative studies are needed, e.g., with regard to effectiveness, contraindications, mediators or moderators to better evaluate the potential of yoga in the treatment of AN.

The effect of hatha yoga on range of motion and strength in patients with breast cancer

IntroductionThe study investigated the effects of hatha yoga on range of motion and strength in women with breast cancer.MethodsA total of 93 patients completed the study. Their mean age was 57.53 ± 1.92 years in the yoga group and 58.10 ± 1.17 years in the control group. The yoga group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 48) received hatha yoga intervention for 3 months; the control group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 45) received current best practice care, including recommendation about compression sleeves, skin protection, and care of the affected arm. The control group was offered hatha yoga intervention after the final measurement. The outcomes were dynamometry and shoulder range of motion to analyse the functional capacity of the affected upper limb.ResultsAfter 3 months of performing hatha yoga, the active shoulder range of motion improved significantly in the affected limb and was significantly higher than in the control group: by 76.76° for flexion (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), by 18.92° for extension (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), by 80.21° for abduction (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), by 33.29° for internal rotation (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), by 27.36° for external rotation (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Strength for wrist flexion and power index in the affected limb improved by 6.0 kg (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and 8.25% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), respectively, in the yoga group and only by 1.1 kg (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) and 1.44% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) in the control group.ConclusionsHatha yoga is more beneficial than usual care for improving active shoulder range of motion and upper limb strength.

Effect of hatha yoga intervention on cardiovascular system in women after breast cancer surgery

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of 2 different exercise regimens on cardiovascular fitness in women with breast cancer.MethodsA total of 110 women consented to take part in the study but only 102 met the inclusion criteria and were involved (8 patients did not meet the research criteria and were excluded); 95 women completed the interventions and were included in the final analysis. The patients’ mean age was 57.53 ± 1.92 years for group A and 58.00 ± 1.27 years for group B. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group A (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 48) received hatha yoga intervention and group B (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 47) received Pilates intervention for 3 months. Impedance cardiography was used to measure pre- and post-intervention functional capacity of the cardiovascular system.ResultsPost-intervention impact was observed for both intervention approaches, but better improvement was noted in the group of hatha yoga than that of Pilates. The actual values of stroke volume and left ventricular power were significantly higher in group A compared with group B by 6.05 ml/beat (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and 0.19 W (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), respectively; the relative values were correspondingly better by 6.22% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and 10.71% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsHatha yoga and Pilates interventions are both effective in improving cardiovascular function, but hatha yoga turns out more beneficial.

The effect of Hatha yoga intervention on students' creative ability.

There is increasing demand for individual creativity as organizations seek innovative ways to remain relevant. Higher education institutions, particularly business schools, are sensitive to this demand and are constantly in search for innovative ways to enhance the creative ability of their students. Prior studies have shown encouraging results for physical activity-oriented interventions. Building on this research, this study uses Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to understand if an acute combinatory intervention, involving both physical and mental exercises embodied in Hatha yoga can improve individual creativity. This study uses 92 MBA student participants to investigate the impact of a 20-minute Hatha yoga session intervention against a short 20-minute case study session for the control group. Creative ability of the participants is operationalized through divergent and convergent thinking, which are then assessed through counter-balanced forms of Guilford Alternate Uses tasks and Remote Associate Test, respectively. The results show that while Hatha yoga significantly improves divergent thinking, the control group shows deterioration in divergent thinking. There is no effect on convergent thinking. These findings lend some support to the executive function hypothesis. The study also finds that prodding a person to be more creative on a routine academic task may not enhance their creative ability.

Hatha yoga training improves standing balance but not gait in Parkinson's disease

Background and purposeComplementary therapies, such as yoga, have been proposed to address gait and balance problems in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effects of yoga on gait and static balance have not been studied systematically in people with PD (PWP). Here we evaluated the effects of a 12-week long Hatha yoga intervention on biomechanical parameters of gait and posture in PWP. MethodsWe employed a pilot randomized controlled trial design with two groups of mild-to-moderate PWP (immediate treatment, waitlist control; N = 10 each; Mean Hoehn and Yahr score = 2 for each group). Baseline Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores, and gait and postural kinematics including postural sway path length, cadence, walking speed, and turning time were obtained. The immediate treatment group received a 60-min Hatha yoga training twice a week for 12 weeks, while the waitlisted control group received no training. After 12 weeks, gait and postural kinematics were assessed (post-test for treatment group and second-baseline for waitlist group). Then, the waitlist group received the same yoga training and was evaluated post-training. ResultsAfter Hatha yoga training, UPDRS motor scores improved with an 8-point mean decrease which is considered as a moderate clinically important change for mild-moderate PD. Sway path length during stance decreased significantly (mean reduction: -34.4%). No significant between-group differences or improvements in gait kinematics were observed. ConclusionThis study showed that a 12-week Hatha yoga training can improve static balance in PWP. We found no evidence that it systematically improves gait performance in PWP.

Effects of Hatha Yoga on caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of a Hatha Yoga intervention on anxiety, subjective well-being, and attention levels of caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer, admitted to a public hospital in the city of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed. Thirty-six volunteers were allocated to clinical (participated in 4 to 6 Hatha Yoga practices) or control groups and answered the questionnaires State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Subjective Well-Being Scale, and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale before and after the intervention period. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon nonparametric analyses were performed to compare the groups to each other and at different moments. Results: The individuals' moderate anxiety state decreased in the clinical (p = 0.001) and control (p = 0.014) groups so that while the control group continued to present moderate anxiety, the clinical group presented low anxiety after the intervention. Positive affects increased, and adverse effects decreased in the clinical group (p &lt;0.05). There were no relevant changes in satisfaction with life and attention levels in the two groups (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion and implications for practice: Hatha Yoga is a useful tool for healthcare professionals and caregivers in short-term hospital care to reduce anxiety and improve subjective well-being.

Exploring the Role of Hatha Yoga in Altering Dispositional Mindfulness

The present research study was an intervention study conducted to elucidate the effects of different Hatha yoga practices on dispositional mindfulness among young adults not characterized by any clinical condition. 280 participants were assigned to three different Hatha yoga intervention groups and a control group for duration of three months. Baseline and post intervention scores for mindfulness were recorded for all the four groups using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance for measuring the mean difference between-groups. A highly significant difference was observed between groups on the ability to observe and describe emotions/inner experiences and act with awareness, all of which are positive indicators of dispositional mindfulness. Analysis of t-test revealed maximum significant and positive change in dispositional mindfulness in the combined intervention group of yoga asana and pranayama and meditation, followed by the pranayama and meditation group and the yoga asana group, respectively. Findings reinforce Hatha yoga as a significant predictor of dispositional mindfulness and further contribute to the insufficient literature examining the psychological benefits associated with Yoga among adult masses with no specific clinical condition. It further suggests employing stronger interventional research designs and a mixed-method approach for in-depth assessment of participant experience to accurately evaluate the benefits associated with specific yoga practices and their effects on dispositional mindfulness.

Effect of yoga on psychological distress among women receiving treatment for infertility

Background:Infertility among women has been associated with significant psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. yoga therapy has been found to be useful in the management of anxiety, depression and psychological distress.Aim:To review studies on the effectiveness of yoga in reducing psychological distress and improving clinical outcomes among women receiving treatment for infertility.Methodology:PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies using the following inclusion criteria: studies published in English, those published between 2000 and 2018, published in peer-reviewed journals, and those with Yoga as an intervention. Review articles, studies without any yoga interventions for infertility, and male infertility were excluded. The keywords included for the literature search were: Yoga, Mindfulness, Relaxation technique, Stress, Distress, Anxiety, Infertility, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).Results:Three studies satisfied the selection criteria. Two studies involved Hatha yoga intervention and one study used structured yoga program. The variables assessed in these studies were: (1) anxiety, (2) depression, (3) emotional distress, and (4) fertility-related quality of life. All the studies reported an improvement in the anxiety scores after yoga intervention.Conclusion:Yoga therapy may be potentially useful in improving anxiety scores among women suffering from infertility. More studies are needed in this area to establish role of yoga as an adjuvant during the treatment of infertility.

THE EFFECT OF HATHA YOGA ON DYSMENORRHOEA PAIN IN ADOLESCENT PRINCIPLE

Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation caused by muscle contraction and imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood. One of the non-pharmacological treatments is Hatha yoga therapy, which is a type of relaxation technique that can reduce pain intensity by relaxing skeletal muscles. This study was purposed to determine the effect of Hatha Yoga Therapy on Dysmenorrhoea Pain in Adolescents at Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School. The design of this study was the "Quasy experiment" study using "group non-equivalent controls" which were divided into experimental groups and control groups. The study was conducted at Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School, the number of 76 adolescents was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The measuring instrument used is the observation sheet. Hatha yoga intervention is carried out for 1 month with a frequency of 2 times for 40 minutes. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon. This study found a decrease in the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in the experimental group after being given hatha yoga (p-value 0,000 &lt;α 0,05) whereas in the control group P-value = 0,102 (p&gt; 0,05). The conclusion is that there is the influence of Hatha Yoga on the pain of dysmenorrhea in young women.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, hatha yoga.