Hasanuddin University Research Articles

Implementation of Risk Management in an Effort to Realize the Good University Governance Principles

This study examines the implementation of risk management at Hasanuddin University in its efforts to realize Good University Governance (GUG) principles, such as transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and observations involving key university stakeholders. The findings show that while the university has established formal risk management frameworks, several challenges persist. These include resource limitations, inconsistent communication between departments, and a lack of a risk-aware culture. Despite these obstacles, the implementation of risk management has contributed positively to enhancing transparency and accountability by providing systematic processes for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks. However, full integration with the broader governance system remains incomplete. To fully leverage risk management in supporting GUG principles, the university must promote greater stakeholder involvement, improve resource allocation, and ensure stronger alignment between risk management and governance strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for higher education institutions aiming to enhance governance through effective risk management.

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Asthma Control in Adult Patients

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by respiratory symptoms that vary both over time and in intensity, along with limited expiratory airflow. This heterogeneity is related to the patient's genetic and environmental phenotype. Vitamin D levels can affect the severity of asthma and the success of asthma treatment. Vitamin D can also influence the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy as an anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and asthma control, severity, obstruction, and exacerbation levels. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study on asthma patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network for the period October–December 2023. Each research subject had a venous blood sample taken and then checked vitamin D levels at the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital Research Laboratory. This research involved 72 research subjects. Most of the research subjects were female (61.1%), aged <45 years (52.8%), worked as housewives (29.2%), had overweight BMI (33.3%), and had a history of atopy (59.7%). The degree of airway obstruction in the study subjects was mostly mild (66.7%) and the degree of severity was intermittent, persistent, and the degree of exacerbation in the same sample (33.3%). The results of the study showed a relationship between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, history of atopy, degree of asthma control using the ACT questionnaire, degree of stable asthma, and exacerbations where p<0.05. Also, it is found that a weakly positive connection (R: 0.2–0.4) between vitamin D levels and ACT, FEV1, FEV/FVC. There is a relationship between vitamin D levels and nutritional status, history of atopy, degree of asthma control using the ACT questionnaire, degree of stable asthma, and exacerbations. There was a relationship between vitamin D levels and the degree of obstruction assessed by spirometry in this study.

Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ikan dengan Tepung Larva BSF dalam Ransum terhadap Konsumsi Protein Kasar, Lemak Kasar dan Serat Kasar pada Burung Puyuh

The research was carried out experimentally at the Non-Ruminant Livestock Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University from April to June 2019. This research aims to determine the effect of substituting fish meal with BSF larvae meal in the ration on the consumption of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in quail. 60 female quail were used in this study using cages measuring 90 x 60 x 30 cm. This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications, divided randomly based on treatment as follows: P0 Ration without adding BSF larval meal, P1 = BSF larval meal 3.183% (6.67% crude fish meal protein) , P2=BSF larval meal 6.370% (3.34% fish meal crude protein), P3=BSF larval meal 9.565% (0% fish meal crude protein). The variables observed were the consumption of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in quail. The data obtained were then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results of the analysis of the effect of substituting fish meal with BSF larvae meal in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the consumption of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in quail.

Growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in application of cow manure compost and density of Bacillus subtilis bacteria

Cocoa rejuvenation is important to maintain high productivity. The rejuvenation mainly uses seedlings; thus providing high-quality seedlings is important. This research aimed to determine the effect of various doses of cow manure compost and the density of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The research was implemented at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar City, from 2021 to 2022. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the dose of cow manure (without compost, 1.25 kg per polybag, and 2.5 kg per polybag). The subplot was the density of Bacillus subtilis (without bacteria, 104 CFU.mL-1, 108 CFU.mL-1, and 1012 CFU.mL-1). The results showed an interaction between the dose of cow manure 2.5 kg per polybag and the bacterial density 1012 CFU.mL-1 on chlorophyll a (347.91 mol.m-2), chlorophyll b (158.33 mol.m-2), total chlorophyll (444.57 mol.m-2), and leaf area of cocoa seedlings (813.96 cm2). A compost dose of 2.5 kg per polybag showed the best results for plant height (8.98 cm). Keywords: bacteria density; bivariate correlation; chlorophyll content; manure dose; organic fertilizer

Linking regional investments and revenues at the provincial level to investment loan decisions by local government banks in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze how two different types of investments (local domestic and foreign direct investments at the provincial level) and revenues (booked by the provincial governments, general allocation funds, special allocation funds, local taxes, and retribution) affect investment loan decisions by local government banks in Indonesia. The study uses panel data applying ordinary least squares and multiple linear regression. Thus, 144 data were sampled from 2013 to 2021 from 16 local government banks out of Java Island in 21 provinces in Indonesia. The study found that local domestic investment at the provincial level affects investment loan decisions by local government banks. In contrast, foreign direct investment did not affect lending decisions, indicating that local domestic investment contributes to the real local economy at the provincial level. Different results were found in provincial revenues in the form of general and special allocation funds, which negatively affected loan investment decisions, possibly due to provincial revenues utilized to cover the financial deficit and capital expenditure spent chiefly on imported goods. Additionally, local taxes at the provincial level also negatively affect investment loan decisions, possibly due to fluctuations in local tax collection during COVID-19. However, the study found that local retribution contributes to predicting loan investment decisions, suggesting revenue collection by the governments considering local economic conditions. The study findings suggest that provincial governments should direct investments that can impact the local economy and spend their revenues on goods and services that can drive local economic growth. AcknowledgmentThe investment loan made by local government banks, which is associated with local investment and revenue, is part of a research grant project from the Economics and Business Faculty of Hasanuddin University. This project is a result of collaboration with national and international researchers. In carrying out this research, some inputs from people working in local government banks, financial service authorities, and provincial and regency governments are addressed.Thanks to Ahmadi Usman for secondary data and Syahidah Ulhaq for some application programs enabling mapping literature, as well as Israa Natiq Jabar for supervising the result and applied some inputs in the section of research method.

Analysis of the Use of Qris as Social Change Among Students

Background: This research aims to analyze the use of QRIS as an alternative to digital payments at Hasanuddin University, explore the factors influencing its adoption among students, and provide recommendations for increasing its implementation, while assessing social changes related to the shift from cash to digital money. Objective: This research aims to describe Hasanuddin University students' awareness of the use of QRIS as a digital payment solution and analyze the social changes that occur as a result of the use of QRIS among students. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive research type. The population in this study were students registered in the Hasanuddin University FISIP Sociology Masters Program, and the sampling technique in this study was a probability sampling method with types. The type of method used was total sampling where the sample size was the same as the population with the number of research samples being 86 person. Results: The results of this research show that: first, the level of awareness of Hasanuddin University FISIP Masters students regarding the use of the QRIS application as a transaction method is in the "Enough" category with a TCR of 60.093; second, QRIS functions as a social fact that maintains social order by reducing criminal acts and building trust between individuals; third, there are five stages of the innovation diffusion process in the practice of using the QRIS application among students, namely the stages of introduction, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Conclusion: Digital awareness in the use of the QRIS application among students of the Master of Sociology FISIP University of Hasanuddin involves seven main aspects: Posthumanism, Human-Machine Interaction, Digital Aesthetics, Fluidity of Identity and Consciousness, Technology and the Evolution of Consciousness, Transcendence of Physical Boundaries, and Interdisciplinarity.

Wave height reduction through the under surface pipe structure model

The model of the subsurface pipe structure is designed as a reducer of the height of an incident wave generated. Part of the wave will be reflected, and some will be transmitted through the pipe structure. Experiments on the calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients on the subsurface pipe structure model were carried out with variations in the depth of water in the flume. This experimental study aims to determine the effect of changes in incident waves on variations in water depth above the subsurface pipe structure (d-h = 0.0h; 0.1h; 0.2h). This research was conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University. Experimental laboratory research method using a wave generator flume with the characteristics of the generated waves consisting of 3 variations of the period (T=1.0 seconds, T=1.1 seconds, T=1.2 seconds) with three variations of water depth (d) which used, i.e., d=1.0h; d=1,1h and d=1,2h, where h is the height of the pipe structure. The results of this study indicate that the deeper water above the structure, the smaller the reflection coefficient and the greater the transmission coefficient.

Evaluation of protein energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis patients: cross-sectional study in Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia

Evaluation of protein energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis patients: cross-sectional study in Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia

INVENTARISASI SERANGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PELEPAH (Rhizoctonia solani Khun) PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI KABUPATEN MAROS

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereal crops that is included in important food ingredients because it has a carbohydrate source. It is the third major food crop after rice and maize in the world. This study aims to determine the intensity of midrib rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani) on maize (Zea mays L.) in Maros Regency. It was carried out in the Pest and Disease laboratory at the Indonesian Muslim University and the Hasanuddin University Disease Laboratory and in the field carried out in Maros Regency, for 3 months, starting from June to August. The materials used were 70% alcohol, aquades, 200 grams of potatoes, 20 grams of sugar, 20 grams of gelatin, 1 tablet of chloramphenicol and corn plants that were attacked by midrib rot disease in Maros Regency. While the tools used in this study were petri dishes, stationery, stirring rods, measuring instruments, oven, Erlenmeyer glass, laminar air flow, aluminum foil, pan, magnetic hot-plate, microscope, filter paper and camera. This study uses a survey method by direct observation in the field. The fronds infected with midrib rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani) were taken and then taken to the laboratory to identify the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Based on table 2. it is known that the average intensity of midrib rot disease during four observations where there are five varieties that have a medium category, namely NK 212, NK Perkasa, R7, Bisi 321 and Pertiwi 6, while the other two varieties are in the category light, namely Bisi 959 and Pertiwi 5.

ISOLASI DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN PENYAKIT BULAI (Peronosclerospora philippinensis Shaw) PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI KABUPATEN MAROS

This study aims to determine the isolation and intensity of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) on maize (Zea mays L.) in Maros Regency during the 2022 planting period. This research was carried out on agricultural land in Pucak Village, Tompobulu District, Maros Regency and at the Pest Laboratory. and Diseases of the Indonesian Muslim University and the Hasanuddin University Disease Laboratory. This research was carried out for 3 months, starting from June to August 2022. The materials and tools used were leaves that were attacked by downy mildew, 2% sugar water, methylene blue, aquades, microscopes, scissors, glass objects, masking tape, tissue towels, plastic clips, camera and stationery. This study uses a survey method by direct observation in the field. Downy mildew leaves are taken and then taken to the laboratory to identify the fungus that causes downy mildew. Based on microscopic observations, Peronosclerospora philippinensis species were found with ovoid shape and thin walls. The results of the observation that the intensity of downy mildew in the field in the first month was 20% with the moderate attack intensity category, then in the second month it increased to 70.2% with the severe category and in the third month which was the highest attack intensity with an average of 96.7%. with the puso category which means that of the 30 plants observed, 29 were attacked by downy mildew. The attack intensity which reaches 96.7% can no longer be used as a seed source.

Interpersonal Communication of Broken Home Students in Undergoing Lectures at Hasanuddin University

Good communication is one of the most important factors that can avoid problems, misunderstandings, and conflicts with others. The purpose of this study is to find out the interpersonal communication of broken home students in facing lectures. The descriptive research method uses self disclousure theory and SOR theory. The technique of collecting data on in-depth interviews and observations with parties experiencing broken homes at Hasanuddin University, by interviewing key informants from broken home students from divorce and psychology lecturers at Hasanuddin University as reinforcement. The results of this study show that the interpersonal communication of divorced broken home students does not go well for their children by not paying attention to each other and communication is not smooth. And the impact of a broken home child has a bad impact and there are also positive ones, in contrast to a broken home family which is negative interpersonal communication does not go well so that the impact caused becomes a bad impact that causes the child to behave deviantly. The suggestion from this study is that in any condition and no matter how busy they are, parents should still set aside their time for their children either by communicating and interacting directly or by using telephone media.

Experimental Study of the Relationship between Slope and Opening Height of OWC Type Wave Breaker Model on Wave Reflection

Breakwater is a very effective wave dampening building to be used as a coastal protection against coastal abrasion by destroying wave energy before it reaches the coast. The working mechanism of the OWC type is the rise and fall of ocean waves which will push the air in the OWC column, then will rotate the turbine connected to the generator to produce electricity. This study aims to determine the effect of slope and opening height on breakwater on wave reflection. Then analyze the parameters that affect the amount of wave reflection and compare the resulting wave parameters. This research was conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University. The method used was experimental based. The resulting wave characteristics consist of three depth variations, three period variations and three stroke variations. The research model used is an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) type breakwater with slope variations of 45°, 60° and 90° and open wall variations as high as 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. The reading of the water level fluctuation is done electronically through the reading of the wave monitor. The results showed that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is influenced by structural parameters, namely the slope and height of the model opening and hydraulic parameters, namely depth, period and wave height. The effect of the model slope on the reflection coefficient is that the greater the slope, the greater the reflection coefficient value. The effect of the model opening height is that the greater the opening height, the smaller the reflection coefficient value.

The Influence of Technology Literacy and the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) By Hasanuddin University Students on the Change of Habits in Completing Academic Tasks

With the rapid advancement of technology and the integration of artificial intelligence in various aspects of life, students' approach to academic tasks is evolving. This study aims to analyze the effect of using AI on changes in habits in completing academic assignments. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative with multiple Linear Regression method. In this study, the sample was drawn with cluster random sampling of 400 people who had used AI which was divided into 16 faculties at Hasanuddin University. The data collection method in this study uses a questionnaire distributed online via kuesio.id which contains statements, interviews and documentation by searching the internet. In testing data analysis techniques, namely validity and reliability tests calculated using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) program with Cronbach Alpha (α) above 0.60, so the overall statement is declared reliable. The results of this study indicate that the literacy level of Hasanuddin University students is categorized as good with a respondent achievement rate (TCR) of 78.3% and the use of AI that is often used from the 15 applications listed by researchers, namely ChatGPT by 26.7%, Perplexity 12.7%, and Grammarly 12.6%. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive correlation between technological literacy and the ability to use AI with changes in habits in completing academic tasks. Students who have high literacy and are skilled in utilizing AI tend to be more efficient and effective in completing their tasks.

Phonological Errors Analysis in Mandarin Pronunciation by Students of the Mandarin Language Program at Hasanuddin University

Mandarin pronunciation is a crucial aspect of language acquisition, setting it apart from languages like Indonesian. Mandarin pronunciation is characterized by vowels, consonants, and tones, and errors in any of these can drastically alter word meanings. This research delves into Mandarin pronunciation errors among students in the Mandarin Language and Chinese Culture Study Program at Hasanuddin University. It comprehensively examines vowels, consonants, and tones to identify common pronunciation mistakes made by students. The research employs a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, calculating and descriptively explaining the frequency and percentage of errors. Findings reveal that students tend to err in key areas, particularly consonants and tones, including vowel substitution, omission, addition, and difficulty identifying similar-sounding Mandarin characters. These results underscore the importance of a thorough understanding of Mandarin phonology in the context of Mandarin language learning in Indonesia.

Blood Pressure Analysis Based on Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Employees with Hypertension

The incidence of hypertension continues to increase. Hypertension is related to lifestyle and nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze blood pressure based on the nutritional status and lifestyle of employees with hypertension. An analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from July to September 2022 by recruiting all Hasanuddin University rectorate employees with hypertension. The total number of respondents in this study was 63 people. Data was collected by measuring blood pressure and anthropometry, while lifestyle risk factors were collected using a questionnaire. Pearson correlation was performed to measure the correlation between blood pressure and nutritional status. A t-test and ANOVA were used to measure differences in blood pressure based on lifestyle. This study found a correlation between Body Mass Index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and there was no difference in blood pressure, both systole and diastolic, based on smoking behavior, coffee consumption, stress levels, and physical activity patterns in employees with hypertension. Based on these results, it is recommended that people with hypertension improve their nutritional status and lifestyle.

Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium leprae in the Leprosy Patients.

Several discoveries about leprosy indicate that Mycobacterium leprae transmission mainly occurs by inhalation, and the nose is a major port of entry and exit. Molecular probes have shown certain potential for the detection and identification of M. leprae in patients. The aim of this study was to identify M. leprae in nasal swab specimens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays followed by gene sequencing methods. This observational study examines 64 anterior nasal swab samples taken from pretreatment leprosy patients, on-treatment and completed leprosy treatment in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. samples were analyzed by molecular detection methods according to the standard methods at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Hasanuddin University. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize patient demographics and outcomes. This study uses PCR to detect the M. leprae deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from nasal swab specimens. Data were collected from 64 patients with a percentage of male patients 51.54%. Based on the age category, the group 45-46 years was the most frequent (39.05%). PCR detection proline-rich antigen gene of a 531 bp DNA fragment from M. leprae, was positive in eight patients, and they were multibacillary. Furthermore, PCR was positive in 5 (31.25%) of 16 new leprosy patients, 2 (8.69%) of 23 on-treatment patients, and 1 (4%) of 25 treatment completed patients. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree and analysis of 8 positive results detected by M. leprae from leprosy patients, almost all samples have a level of similarity, except for sample Ua7. M. leprae cannot grow in vitro, so molecular diagnostic tools were used to confirm the disease. This study predominantly of males with the age above 45 years of age being the most common. Eight M. leprae were positive from nasal swab leprosy patients. The sequencing findings provide insight into the genetic diversity of the genus M. leprae, so it is necessary to consider the detection of whole-genome sequence.

Identification of the Effectiveness of Land Cover in Some Areas in Borisallo Village for Conservation Measures

Indonesia has excellent land potential for the development of the agricultural sector with various levels of topography that are different for each region. Every slope of the land varies, there are nutrients that are a source of food for plant growth. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of land cover in Borisallo Village, Parangloe District, Gowa Regency. This research will be carried out from October 2023 to April 2024. Analysis of the physical properties of the soil will be carried out at the Soil Physics and Conservation Laboratory, and analysis of the chemical properties of the soil will be carried out at the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. In the preparation stage, literature study and data collection were carried out, then primary data and secondary data were collected. After that, the data is processed into a land unit map. Then soil samples are taken according to the points determined based on the land unit map. After taking soil samples, laboratory analysis is then carried out to analyze soil permeability, organic C, bulk density and porosity. Even though there is land cover, several areas in Borisallo village still require conservation measures to prevent landslides and erosion, especially on land that has a slope. This can be seen from the permeability value which is included in the slow category.

Pataka: Media Informasi dalam Kegiatan Mahasiswa

In the current era where everything is instantaneous, things can be done using the internet or online media so that something to be done can be done more effectively, such as disseminating information online is easier than disseminating information offline. Social media has become the dominant communication medium used by society and as a medium for obtaining information, including among students. In the midst of the onslaught of online media, offline media, named Pataka, still exists today. This article deals with this. This research using a qualitative approach was carried out in Makassar City between September and December at Hasanuddin University. Those who participated in this research were 10 college students, consisting of three women and seven men, aged between 19 and 21 years, who were recruited using purposive sampling. The findings of this research show that pataka is interpreted in relation to three aspects, namely: pataka as a visual communication tool, sacred media, representation/symbol of student body, and marker for the location of the implementation of students’ body activities. Pataka have various shapes and functions: small square pataka, large square pataka, and rectangular pataka. The small square pataka functions as a marker for activities carried out outside the campus. The large square pataka serves to place the institution's logo. Although large square pataka can be used outside or inside campus, generally large square pataka is used for stage backgrounds. Meanwhile, the rectangular pataka functions as a welcome banner. Even though in this current era the onslaught of technology is so powerful, pataka as an offline medium is still used among college students. The fundamental aspects that underlies why pataka still exists today because pataka has become part of the tradition of a student body in their institutional activities. Apart from that, the existence of pataka is also a symbol of unity and solidarity of student body members.

New trends and directions in local government finance research: A bibliometric analysis

Local government finance has a critical impact on regional sustainability and governance. This study seeks to conduct comprehensive analyses of evolving trends and future directions in municipal finance research. It aims to address the insufficient longitudinal studies and fragmented understanding of how municipal finance practices and policies evolve by providing systematic evidence on dynamic trends and potential future trajectories. The study employed bibliometric analysis using Scopus and Google Scholar databases and Publish or Perish (PoP) software to analyze literature dynamics and associated topics and research trends and improve understanding of local government financial research. The results show a strong focus on local governance. Key themes included transparency, accountability, and financial sustainability, highlighting the critical need for good governance and fiscal prudence. The promising directions are technology (e-government) and comprehensive actions on the economic side through public-private partnerships and financial sustainability. Critical themes are fiscal stress, budgeting, and local government finance. However, new trends in sustainability, public-private partnerships, financial resilience, municipal bonds, and land finance are emerging as significant research areas. It highlights the field’s adaptability to evolving social and economic conditions. Through a thorough synthesis of these insights, stakeholders are better positioned to gain a deeper understanding of the current landscape of local government finance studies and their broader implications within a constantly changing global environment. AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, for their invaluable support and assistance in this research. Their unwavering commitment to advancing academic research and community service has been the key to completing this study.

The Tendency of Press Release Content of Makassar City Public Relations in Reporting Danny Pomanto Activities Outside His Position as Mayor

ABSTRACT Background: The Public Relations of the Makassar City Government not only conveys positive information about the programs and policies of the Makassar City Government, but also monitors and reports on Danny Pomanto's personal activities related to his candidacy for Governor of South Sulawesi in 2024. Purpose: This research aims to analyse the tendency of Makassar City Public Relations Press Release Content in reporting Danny Pomanto's activities outside his position as Mayor of Makassar. Method: The approach used is descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis method. The unit of analysis used in this research is the press release of the Public Relations (City Government) of Makassar City Government starting from the period February 2023 to September 2023. Data analysis uses the Krippendorff method with steps of unititisation, sampling, recording, analysis, inference and data reduction Results: The results showed that the content of press releases made by the Public Relations of Makassar City Government is not only conveying positive information about the programmes and policies of Makassar City Government to the public, but the PR also oversees and reports on Danny Pomanto's activities outside of his position as mayor, including releasing his personal activities as Chair of the Hasanuddin University Alumni Association (IKA) South Sulawesi when visiting several regions in South Sulawesi which have something to do with running as a candidate for Governor of South Sulawesi 2024. Conclusion: The implication of the findings of this research that needs to be underlined is that the public relations of Makassar City Government as a representative of government institutions / agencies should only report on the activities of institutions or leaders of institutions, not to become campaigners for individual leaders of institutions for political purposes. For this reason, public relations must be neutral and not be involved in practical politics, especially ahead of the South Sulawesi Governor election.