Harvest Location Research Articles

Parasite infracommunities as predictors of harvest location of bogue (Boops boops L.): a pilot study using statistical classifiers

The accuracy of classifying bogue (Boops boops) according to the fishery from which it was harvested was evaluated by applying several statistical classification techniques to fish parasite abundances. Bogue captured in 2001 in two fisheries off the Atlantic coast of Spain were compared with one off the Spanish Mediterranean coast. One hundred bogue were classified to each harvest location (fishery) using different numbers of parasite species chosen as predictors by a best subset method. Two parametric methods of classification (linear and quadratic discriminant analysis) were compared with two non-parametric approaches (k-nearest neighbour classification and feed-forward neural network) and the cross-validated correct classification rate determined in each case. The best results were achieved for k-nearest neighbour classification with 96% of fish being correctly assigned to their fishery. That result was based on five predictor parasite species, namely Aphanurus stossichii, Bacciger israelensis, Hemiurus communis, Microcotyle erythrini and Lecithocladium excisum. The optimal classification for a feed-forward neural network was very similar to that achieved with linear discriminant analysis at 94% correct classification rate for only four predictor species. Quadratic discriminant analysis performed worst of the four classification methods examined. Classification accuracies for all four statistical approaches were, however, remarkably similar and were quite accurate with only between 4 and 8% of fish incorrectly classified regardless of the method used. With greater temporal and spatial resolution of sampling effort, this technique holds promise as a cost-effective method of distinguishing harvest locations of bogue that can readily be adapted to other fish species.

In search of improved fat transfer viability: a quantitative analysis of the role of centrifugation and harvest site.

Fat grafting is an unpredictable procedure that continues to challenge the field of plastic surgery due to irregular resorption. Applications for this procedure are broad in both reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery. Fat grafts are carefully obtained and manipulated to obtain better graft takes and results, yet there is no universal agreement on what constitutes an ideal methodology. The present study examines adipocyte viability from four commonly used donor sites in five subjects. No statistical differences in adipocyte viability were demonstrated among abdominal fat, thigh fat, flank fat, or knee fat donor sites that were immediately removed and untreated (p < 0.225). In addition, no differences were observed in representative tissue samples that were removed and centrifuged (thigh, p = 0.508; knee, p = 0.302; flank, p = 0.088; abdomen, p = 0.533). On the basis of these quantitative data, neither harvest location nor centrifugation demonstrated any advantage in terms of lipocyte viability. Fat tissue transfers from these common sites may be considered equal, and centrifugation does not appear to enhance immediate fat tissue viability before implantation.

A STUDY OF HEAD RICE YIELD REDUCTION OF LONG- AND MEDIUM-GRAIN RICE VARIETIES IN RELATION TO VARIOUS HARVEST AND DRYING CONDITIONS

In this research, the effects of harvest moisture content (HMC), harvest location, variety difference, andheated-air drying conditions on head rice yield reduction (HRYR) of long-grain (Kaybonnet and Cypress) and medium-grain(Bengal) varieties were investigated. The rice was harvested at moisture contents (MCs) of approximately 16 to26% from two locations (Stuttgart and Keiser, Arkansas). The rough rice was dried under three conditions: 43.5C, 38%relative humidity (RH), 9.5% equilibrium moisture content (EMC); 51.7C, 25% RH, 7.3% EMC; and 60C, 17% RH,5.8% EMC. The results indicated that variety, HMC, drying condition, and drying duration had significant interactiveeffects on the HRYR during drying. Medium-grain Bengal rice exhibited more HRYR than did long-grain Cypress orKaybonnet rice under a given drying condition. The results further indicated that a decrease in MC of rice at the earlydrying stages did not substantially affect the HRY until a certain MC level was reached. It appeared in this study that theamount of moisture that could be removed without affecting HRY increased as harvest MC increased.

EFFECTS OF VARIETY AND HARVEST MOISTURE CONTENT ON EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENTS OF RICE

Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of two long-grain rice varieties (Kaybonnet and Cypress) and one medium-grain variety (Bengal) were measured at temperatures of 4, 21, and 38°C with relative humidities (RHs) ranging from 11 to 96%. In addition to temperature and RH, variety was a significant factor affecting rice EMC. Harvest moisture content (HMC) and harvest location did not significantly affect the EMC of rough rice. Rice harvested at a lower moisture content (MC) had lower EMC values than rice harvested at a higher MC when equilibrated to high RHs; however, these differences were primarily attributed to hysteresis effects. An EMC model including temperature, RH, and variety was developed. At most RHs, the EMCs of Bengal, Kaybonnet, and Cypress rough rice were approximately 0.2 to 0.8 percentage points higher than that calculated from the Chung EMC equation. New coefficients of the Chung equation for rough and milled rice are provided.

Aromatic Plants of Mali (I): Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum L.

In a study of the chemical composition of oil from 24 samples of fresh or dried Ocimum basilicum we identified 53 components. All the oils were of the linalool chemotype, but four subtypes could be identified, unlinked to harvest location: oils containing 60–70% linalool and principally eugenol (5–15%), and oils with less than 60% linalool containing much eugenol, methyl eugenol or methyl chavicol. The often high proportions of these components (20–30%) distinguish these oils from others described previously.

Detection of discoloration in thermally processed blue crab meat

This study objectively and quantifiably examined the effect of a series of factors on blue crab meat discoloration. Factors explored include heating process, animal harvest location, and position of meat within a container. A Spectrogard colorimeter was used to collect visual reflectance spectra between 380 and 720 nm. Meat degree of coloration was characterised objectively and rapidly by using lightness (L), red–green (a) and yellow–blue (b) colour values. Results showed that meat became darker with increasing heating process; crab harvest location had significant effect on the lightness of the flesh; and meat that is located in the bottom of a can was darker than that in the top. This study will serve as a baseline for the development of a coloration quality control system. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

Serratus Anterior-Rib Composite Flap

Because of its relative ease of dissection, increased length of the vascular pedicle, and excellent diameter for anastomosis, the serratus anterior-rib composite flap has been used to reconstruct bony and soft-tissue defects in the face and lower extremities. However, no data are available on optimal rib level or harvest location. The authors report the results of the vascular anatomy of this flap in 6 fresh cadavers and 2 clinical patients using this flap to reconstruct a defect in the hand. Arteriograms were performed through the thoracodorsal artery, and microscopic dissections were done at the rib periosteum. The sixth through the ninth ribs showed consistent filling of their respective intercostal vessels. The rib segments near the anterior axillary line had the most abundant communicating vessels between the serratus and the periosteum. In two patients, the serratus-rib composite free flap provided excellent bone and muscle length for reconstructing the first metacarpal defect.

Trees, Chemistry, and Prehistory in the American Southwest

At least 200000 trees were used in the building construction in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, from aboutad850–1150. A large portion of these construction timbers were transported 50km or more and the harvesting location(s) is not known. We argue that a feasible method for determining the wood source areas is to chemically characterize the possible source areas using modern wood and then attempt to match the prehistoric timbers to the modern signatures. This paper establishes the feasibility of this method. ICP-AES was employed to obtain element concentration values for 29 elements, from 62 trees, on three bedrock types. We conclude that it is possible to isolate the variation due to lithology if one controls for wood type (bark, sapwood, heartwood). In addition, ICP-MS was used for the analysis of a small sample of ancient wood. Data from these determinations are presented and the results indicate that the elemental variation is consistent with the most current model of wood use practices in Chaco Canyon. The methods pioneered here should be broadly applicable for determining wood source areas.

Patch angioplastyを施行した頸動脈内膜剥離術

Patch angioplasty has been used in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to protect against early occlusion and restenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). We evaluated early surgical results of CEA and restenosis using 3 materials for patch angioplasty: Hemashield, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and saphenous vein, which were used in 5, 12 and 10 CEAs, respectively (randomized control). Irrespective of the material used in CEA, the operative time and blood loss were not significantly different. We found it difficult to pass the needle through the PTFE and the Hemashield; bleeding from the needle hole was seen with the PTFE. The vein patch was easy to handle. There were no perioperative deaths. One patient in the Hemashield group manifested TIA. Two patients in the saphenous vein graft group had a subcutaneous hematoma in the thigh, the location of the vein harvest. There was no permanent or life-threatening complications in any of the patients undergoing CEA, nor were there restenosis or aneurysm formation in the ICA after CEA, irrespective of the material used for patch angioplasty. Consequently, all 3 of the materials appear to be safe for use. Long-term follow-up will identify the material best suited for patch angioplasty.

Characterization of Rattlesnake Harvest in Florida

Characterization of Rattlesnake Harvest in Florida

Forecasting Scald Potential of Delicious Apples in New England

Susceptibility to superficial scald on apples varies with season, orchard location, and time of harvest, and is related to seasonal weather variation. If scald potential could be forecast at the time of harvest, then appropriate antiscald treatment decisions could be made. This could result in 1) reduced use of scald inhibiting diphenylamine (DPA) dips, with their accompanying fungicides and 2) reduced loss of stored fruit due to scald. Analyses of scald-related data collected at the UMass Horticultural Research Center (HRC) from 1986 to 1993 have resulted in development of equations relating scald development to harvest date, number of preharvest days in which the temperature fell below 10 °C, and harvest starch score. Equations to identify lots of fruit which were particularly scald susceptible or particularly scald resistant were also developed. These equations were tested in 1995 and 1996 on 'Delicious' apples harvested from orchards throughout New England and stored at the HRC. About 80% of the 182 lots of fruit were placed in the correct susceptibility category. DPA treatments were applied to the Massachusetts fruit in both years, and forecasts were almost 100% effective for determining the appropriate concentration of DPA needed to control scald. Effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on scald development, scald forecasting, and necessary scald control measures will vary according to the atmosphere, but initial data show forecasting trends to be about the same for CA as for air-stored fruit.

Bulk Density of Long‐ and Medium‐Grain Rice Varieties as Affected by Harvest and Conditioned Moisture Contents

ABSTRACTThe effect of harvest and conditioned moisture contents (MC) on bulk density (BD) of rough, brown, and white rice was determined for several long‐ and medium‐grain rice varieties harvested from different Arkansas locations. The results indicated that harvest MC (HMC) significantly affected the BD of freshly harvested and conditioned rough rice. Higher HMC levels resulted in lower BD levels for rough rice over the conditioned MC range from 11 to 29% (wb). There was a strong linear relationship between rough rice BD and conditioned MC for a given HMC. The harvest location had a more pronounced effect on rough rice BD of long‐grain varieties than of medium‐grain varieties. The BD of brown and white rice was less dependent on harvest location and conditioned MC than the BD of rough rice. Rice harvested at low MC level (≈13%) gave a higher BD for both brown and white rice than that harvested at higher MC levels. Medium‐grain varieties showed a higher BD for brown and white rice than did long‐grain varieties.

Perception of scale in forest management planning: Challenges and implications

Forest management practices imposed at one spatial scale may affect the patterns and processes of ecosystems at other scales. These impacts and feedbacks on the functioning of ecosystems across spatial scales are not well understood. We examined the effects of silvicultural manipulations simulated at two spatial scales of management planning on landscape pattern and assessed the implications for forest-interior bird species. Landscape context was taken into consideration in determining harvest locations in the landscape-base management planning scenario but not in the stand-base planning scenario (where the focus of planning activities was at the level of individual stands and the context in which stands were located was not considered). We also compared ecological implications of patterns created at the stand and landscape levels by even- and uneven-age silvicultural systems. We used a harvest simulator (HARVEST) to simulate even-age, uneven-age and a combination of even- and uneven-age management systems for a period of 5 decades in the two forest management planning scenarios. Clearcuts of 5 to 16 ha were simulated to represent even-age management and small openings of 0.09 to 0.22 ha scattered throughout a stand were simulated to represent uneven-age management. Forest management that considered landscape context generated greater landscape total core area compared to that of the stand-base planning. There was a difference in landscape mean patch size, interspersion index, Simpson's diversity index and total core area for patches defined by stand age between stand- and landscape-base management planning. These results indicate that different landscape patterns can be produced by management planning conducted at different spatial scales. The scale of focus should depend on the management goals. Silvicultural manipulations at the stand level can cause the creation of different patterns at the stand and landscape levels. Such differences can lead to different ecological implications at each of those levels, thereby making it difficult to simply aggregate stand-level responses to the landscape-level. Furthermore, the ecological effects of landscape patterns on processes can be highly variable as the effects depend on how patches are defined.

Growth of `October Glory' Red Maple in Multiple Locations in the Southeast

Limited information exists for container production of red maple cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate first-year growth of container-grown `October Glory' at 3 locations with disparate climates in Georgia and Alabama (Tifton, Ga., Blairsville, Ga., and Auburn, Ala.). Rooted cuttings were planted in 9.2-L containers in one location in the same substrate in April 1995. Trees were transported to each location in mid-June and irrigated from overhead risers at 1.3 cm/day for 6 months until dormant, then transported to a single location for harvest. Despite weather differences among locations, final heights were not different (Blairsville 59.8 cm; Auburn 53.0 cm; and Tifton 60.2 cm). Shoot diameter increase and shoot dry weight was greatest at Tifton (8.4 mm, 17.5 g), least at Blairsville (6.3 mm, 9.2 g), with Auburn similar to both locations (6.8 mm, 12.2 g). Root dry weight and root: shoot ratio was greater in Tifton (17.2 g, 0.97) than Blairsville 14.9 g, 0.51) and Auburn (7.0 g, 0.64).

Re-establishment and resurgence of plant-parasitic nematodes in fumigated pineapple fields at different elevations and irrigation regimes in Hawaii

Introduced or remnant populations of Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchulus renfomis, Helicotylenchus dihystera and Paratylenchus spp. in Hawaiian pineapple fields located at three elevations or subjected to two irrigation regimes were monitored following soil fumigation. Introduced populations of M. javanica established more readily at high-elevation than lower-elevation sites, and resident populations of Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchulus and Paratylenchus resurged readily at lower- but not at high-elevation sites. Despite variations in number of M. javanica introduced initially, resident as well as introduced nematodes multiplied subsequently to various specific levels at different localities. Generally, population densities of M. javanica and resident nematodes at a particular site were higher at time of ratoon- than plant-crop harvest, and in irrigated than non-irrigated plots. Fruit yields of the ratoon-crop were equal to or lower than the plant-crop, and were more affected in irrigated than in non-irrigated plots. Site location, irrigation and time of crop harvest were important factors influencing the rate as well as the final level of a nematode population build-up. The feasibility of exploiting these factors for nematode control should be further studied.

A portable monitor for the rapid assessment of processing quality of stored potato tubers

The present study assessed a commercially available, enzymatically based blood glucose monitor for the rapid determination of processing quality of tuber samples taken directly from storage. This monitor is based on reflectance photometry of a disposable test strip for a chromogen produced during the oxidation of glucose. The influence of storage conditions, harvest location, cultivar, reconditioning effects and the monitoring environment were examined for their effects on glucose levels and chip color. Glucose concentrations were determined by blood glucose monitor, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or YSI biochemical analyzer. Crude tuber extracts did not adversely affect the determination of glucose by the blood glucose monitor and there was no evidence of any interaction between glucose concentration and extract in terms of test strip color development. The test strips demonstrated stable color retention for over an hour although values remained slightly higher after the initial potato extract test. Reaction of test strips to glucose was sensitive to initial temperature of the tuber extract with greatest accuracy exhibited in the 15–22 C range. Chip color was inversely correlated with tuber glucose content regardless of detection method, cultivar, growing site or storage temperature. The highly portable glucose monitor provided a rapid, accurate and quantitative profile of chip processing quality.

Valmet's Woodstar Series Harvesting System: A Case Study

Abstract A production study was conducted on a Valmet 544 harvester and 546 forwarder operating in central Alabama. The average time to select, cut, and process a tree including moving between harvesting locations was 45 sec. Productivity averaged 6.4 cords per productive machine hour (PMH) and ranged from 1.3 to 12.6 cords/PMH. Tree size harvested during the second thinning averaged 7.7 in. dbh and ranged from 3.3 to 12.4 in. The average time to place a grapple of wood on the forwarder was 32 sec. A complete cycle (loading, traveling, and unloading) would require about 36.5min. for a 700 ft forwarding distance for a productivity of 5.5 cords/PMH. The estimated, after-tax cost for the harvester averaged over a 4-yr life was $85/PMH or $13.35/cord (excluding support and supervision). The estimated cost for the forwarder was $51/PMH or $9.27/cord.South. J. Appl. For. 17(2):69-74.

Growth of Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Response to Ancillary Sodium

A field investigation of sodium nutriture of cottontail rabbits was conducted at the Atterbury Fish and Wildlife Area, Edinburgh, Indiana, from 1985 to 1987. Eight 20-ha grids, comprising four replicates of two treatments, control and sodium-provisioned, were established in spring 1985. Provision of ancillary sodium was not initiated until spring 1986 to allow assessment of extant differential growth by treatment area prior to experimental manipulation. Cross-sectional data relating to growth was obtained from specimens collected at an annual-hunt check station. An integrated-sigmoidal Richards function was used to model growth of rabbits. The effect of years was tested among controls; growth did not differ for either males or females between sampling years. Prior to the initiation of sodium provision neither sex of rabbit displayed any differential pattern of growth based upon harvest location. Following provision of ancillary sodium there was no discernible alteration of growth pattern within males. However, among females asymptotic weight and growth period increased, while the shape parameter of the growth function decreased. Sodium deprivation, exacerbated by maternal reproductive investment, may require increased energetic expenditure to maintain sodium-related homeostasis, which is expressed in less than optimal growth.

Modified atmosphere packaging of seafood

The shelf life of seafood under current icing and refrigerated storage conditions ranges from 2 to 14 d, depending on species, harvest location, and season. Elevated carbon dioxide levels in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been shown to inhibit the normal spoilage flora of seafood and double or triple shelf life. The threat of botulism, due to the presence of nonproteolytic psychyrotrophic Clostridium botulinum types B, E, and F, has been reason for caution in expanding this technology. This article examines the safety of MAP seafood through analysis and comparison of raw materials, research methodologies, quality indices, treatment, and packaging options.

Trace metal residues in finfish from Maryland waters, 1978-1979

Levels of seven heavy metal residues, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc were monitored in samples of various species of finfish harvested from the Maryland section of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries over a two year period (1978-79). Results of the analysis of the edible portions of these finfish are presented along with the species of finfish, date and location of harvest. A number of samples of finfish gonad and liver tissue were analyzed to study the relative level of preconcentration of heavy metals in these tissues compared to the edible (flesh) portion. Results of this study are consistent with other available data for Atlantic Coast finfish. Gonad tissue, when compared to flesh, show enrichment of copper and zinc and decreased mercury and cadmium levels. Liver tissue shows enrichment in copper, zinc and cadmium and generally lower levels of mercury compared to flesh.