Harrow School Research Articles

Education as an international export

A growing portion of international schools are franchised branches of schools originally founded in other countries. The first of such schools opened in 1996 and there are now almost 100 globally. Expansionist schools are primarily elite, English private schools, with concentrations of their franchises developing in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and East Asia over the past quarter of a century—particularly in mainland China over the past decade. This study explores how such schools adapt the language and focus of their marketing and, in doing so, sustain their privilege across various contexts. A qualitative textual analysis is conducted of the websites of 11 schools run by Dulwich College and Harrow School, the first brands to expand overseas and with the most extensive networks of schools today. A lens of international schools as enclosures of privilege is used to demonstrate how schools adapt themselves and their framing. The study finds the promotional focus of the schools depends not just on whether they are the founding school or a franchise, but also on their relative ages, and on their varying locations within specific sociocultural contexts. An emergent hybrid model, catering to both local and international curricula, blends the local with the global and complicates the conventional notion of the international school. Finally, the study suggests that further research is focused on the franchising of elite education, particularly as the focal point of expansion begins to shift away from the mainland Chinese boom of the past decade.

The youdan and Cromwell cups: Sheffield football’s knockout trophies

ABSTRACT It is fitting that in the year celebrating 150 years of the Football Association Challenge Cup, a focus is given to Sheffield’s own knock-out competition held 4 years before the FA Cup was launched. While it is argued in certain quarters that Charles Alcock based the FA competition on his own experiences of the Cock House tournament during his time at Harrow School – although, interestingly, no cup was awarded for this during that period – it could also be argued that the success of the world’s first adult football club knock-out competition, the Youdan Cup, possibly influenced the direction of his thinking. Why the Sheffield tournament was established in the first place and why it was only staged for just 1 year in 1867 are the more obvious questions surrounding its conception which this article aims to address.

P B S Fowler

P B S (“Bruce”) Fowler was a medical polymath. One of the last truly general physicians of English medicine, he balanced original research with teaching while the individual patient remained...

Subliminal Communication in Human-Computer Interaction

1 Institute for Pervasive Computing, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria 2UCT Research & Design Department, University of Applied Sciences Vorarlberg, Hochschulstrase 1, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria 3Department of Broadcasting Telecommunications and Mass Media, Temple University, Room 203B Annenberg Hall, Main Campus, 1801 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA 4Department for Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Multimedia, Harrow School of Computer Science, University of Westminster, London W1B 2UW, UK

Charles Humphrey Jules Rey

Charles Humphrey Jules Rey was educated at Harrow School and Guy’s Hospital. He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps on qualifying, being posted to Burma in 1942 and attaining the...

<i>Byron at the Theatre</i> (review)

Reviewed by: Byron at the Theatre Richard Foulkes Byron at the Theatre. Edited by Peter Cochran. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2008. Pp. ix +218. ISBN (10) 1 84718 427 8. £34.99. This collection of essays is based on a conference on Byron and the Theatre organised by the Newstead Abbey Byron Society and the Midland Romantic Seminar, and held at Nottingham Trent University on 12 May 2007. The range of contributors and their subjects is very diverse, with the editor responsible for no less than three chapters and co-authoring another, reflecting the fact that three speakers had to 'drop out' of the conference (and evidently the book) at short notice. Happily other speakers made their way to Nottingham from far afield: Cologne, Verona, Krakow, Yekaterinburg, Prague and Moscow, reflecting the strong interest that Byron still commands beyond his native heath. Although not structured chronologically the book virtually provides an account of Byron's [End Page 68] interest and involvement in the theatre from his schooldays to a continuing afterlife in the twenty-first century. Thus David Herbert and Peter Cochran recount the young Byron's recitations not only at the Harrow School Speech Day of 1805, but also in Palladio's Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza over a decade later (9 November 1816), where he gave a reprise of the Chorus from Euripides' The Phoenician Women. In between he had taken part in theatricals at Southwell and made three speeches in the House of Lords, the delivery of which clearly owed something to his youthful acting experience. As the authors say: 'Byron knew himself, then, to be a good actor: but he could never, of course, be a professional one'. Neither, it seems, could he be a professional dramatist, for though he wrote half a dozen or so plays, he did so without any intention of their being performed on the stage of either of the patent theatres, Covent Garden and Drury Lane – and this despite the fact that he was involved with the latter, going so far as to write the address for its reopening in 1812. It is all the more remarkable therefore that Byron's plays assumed such a prominent place in the theatrical repertoire from, in the case of Werner, for example, Macready at Drury Lane in January 1830 (lagging two years behind Thomas Barry in New York) to Irving at the Lyceum Theatre in June 1887 (admittedly just one special benefit performance). In between, as the lists of productions in the bibliography show, Byron's plays were performed widely by leading actor-managers (Phelps, Charles Kean and Calvert amongst them) in and beyond Britain. Margaret J. Howell did of course explore several of the most interesting of these productions in Byron Tonight: A Poet's Plays on the Nineteenth Century Stage (1982), and, although Byron at the Theatre complements her work with its useful listings, it does not add significantly to our knowledge about and appreciation of this phenomenon. The appeal was undoubtedly largely scenic, with Byron demanding exotic locations that the increasingly sophisticated technology of the Victorian stage was able to realise, but with Macready at least this did not eclipse his own performance as Werner, which G. H. Lewes considered to be 'one of his greatest parts', in which 'he represented the anguish of a weak mind prostrate, with a pathos almost as remarkable as the heroic agony of Kean's Othello'. The forlorn look and wailing accent when his son retorts upon him his own plea – 'Who taught me there were crimes made venial by the occasion?' – were not to be forgotten. Byron and the Theatre presses on into the twentieth century and beyond with Cochran revisiting productions of Cain by Stanislavski and Grotowski, in little more depth than Margaret J. Howell but with the addition of John Barton's 1995 production: 'very interesting, but […] not Byron'. Shona Allen transports readers to the world of ballet with her account of Nureyev's Manfred in the 1979 Paris and the 1981 Zurich versions and subsequent revisions, but again it is a case of 'not Byron's play, but Nureyev's ballet'. Not that this should be regarded as a criticism, since it...

The Byron Collection at Harrow School

The Byron collection at Harrow School is a rich, fascinating, varied and relatively unknown archive. The Collection and its Benefactors Byron himself gave a set of his works to the Monitors' Library in 1816. Until quite recently these volumes sat on the open shelves of the Vaughan Library and are referred to in an 1866 catalogue as having been presented 'by the author'.1 They were, perhaps, the same volumes used by Henry Drury, Byron's tutor,2 when he set his pupils passages from Childe Harold to translate into Greek. In 1829 John Murray II agreed to make up the missing volumes from the set at the request of Dr Butler (Head Master, 1805-29). Not long afterwards Murray presented the Library with a copy of Moore's Life and a further complete (octavo) set of Byron's works, 'in a more handsome form and attire' that, he explains in a letter pasted into the first volume, had for some years been in his private library but that he was happy to part with to 'such a destination'. It was to the same Monitors' Library that Byron, himself a School Monitor, had donated four of his Greek texts on leaving Harrow at Christmas 1805. He of course changed his mind and returned for two more terms, but does not appear to have reclaimed the books. The Harrow curriculum in Byron's time put an unusual emphasis on Greek. It was as a Harrow schoolboy that Byron first became enthralled by the character of Prometheus and his annotated copy of the Aeschylus tragedy is one of the four school books in the collection. Dr Drury, Byron's first Head Master, encouraged the boys to write free translations of the classical poets into English verse. On 1 December 1804 Byron wrote: 'My first Harrow verses, a translation of a chorus from the Prometheus of Aeschylus, were received by [Dr Drury] but coolly'. His translation opens: Great Jove! to whose Almighty throne, Both Gods and mortals homage pay, Ne'er may my soul thy power disown, Thy dread behests ne'er disobey.3 Byron later caricatured such exercises. On 17 June 1810, he sent Henry Drury at Harrow a doggerel version of the Nurse's dole in the Medea of Euripides: Oh how I wish that an embargo Had kept in port the good ship Argo! Who, still unlaunch'd from Grecian docks, Had never pass'd the Azure rocks; But now I fear her trip will be a Damn'd business for my Miss Medea.4 It was also to the Monitors' Library that Lord Dungannon presented the 1826 version of E. H. Baily's bust of Byron which offers an iconic, finely chiselled, post humous representation of the Greek hero. A second version, sculpted by Baily in 1848, was bequeathed by H. Panmure Gordon and is displayed in the Private Side of Druries, the House whose name commemorates the academic family that dominated Harrow in Byron's time.5 In 1871 a young Harrow boy, Walter Sichel, later to write a life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, devoted four stanzas of his prize poem, The Tercentenary of Harrow School, to Byron's fame and fortune. Sichel shows a mature awareness of the 'fevered pangs that [Byron's] heart was soon to know', expressing a deep sympathy for the poet who, although showered with the best gifts of fortune, had 'each boon crossed with chequered ill'. He concludes: And yet his spirit could be stirred by aims As noble as e'er entered mortal breast; For Freedom ever potently reclaims The erring children whom she loves the best. Ere yet his sun had faltered in the west, She called him for the tyrant Turk to brave. Hark! How the thunder o'er each mountain crest Tolls, and bids those whom Byron died to save Know that their hero finds his glory and his grave.6 An early interest in the poet was thus kindled during Sichel's schooldays. Thirtyfi ve years later he presented his collection of letters and memorabilia relating to Teresa Guiccioli to the Harrow collection. …

Book Review of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain, 21. Harrow School, by Jasper Gaunt

Book Review of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain, 21. Harrow School, by Jasper Gaunt

In the footsteps of Churchill

Richard Holmes' insightful new biography of one of Britain's greatest leaders is both a study in character and the story of an extraordinary career. Much has been written about Churchill's role as British prime minister during the crisis years of the Second World War, but in this book Holmes uses new material to investigate the influences that shaped the man: his troubled school days, his flamboyant politician father, Randolph, and his famously attractive American mother, Jennie. Holmes argues that the qualities that made great also led him to commit catastrophic blunders. The same recklessness that made him a hero when he was a young correspondent during the Boer War arguably cost thousands of Allied lives during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915, and may also have contributed to the fall of Singapore in 1942. In the Footsteps of Churchill takes us on an exhilarating journey through Harrow School, the North-West Frontier, the Sudan, South Africa, 10 Downing Street and his beloved Chartwell; a journey that begins in the aristocratic splendor of Blenheim Palace and ends in the quiet of a country churchyard not far away - the compass of an extraordinary life in a few Oxford shire acres. 'Richard Holmes provides a truly fresh interpretation of the great man...Holmes's mature and wise portrait is studded with facts about the period and episodes in Churchill's life that amuse, engage and entice. The author's eye for the telling detail, as well as his deep immersion in all the relevant archives, raises this book far above the common ruck of Churchilliana' - Andrew Roberts. 'This supremely skillful military historian achieves a freshness of approach that makes hard to put down' - Max Hastings, Mail on Sunday.

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

A History of Harrow School, 1324-1991

1Hereford Cathedral School A History of Harrow School, 1324–1991 ChristopherTyerman OxfordOxford U.P. 2000xx + 599£30

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out (review)

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out (review)

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out (review)

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out (review)

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking out, Talking Back, Acting up, Bowing out

General

Books reviewed:Roland Hill, Lord ActonKathleen Burk, Troublemaker: The Life and History of A. J. P. TaylorA. J. P. Taylor (ed. by Chris Wrigley), Struggles for Supremacy: Diplomatic EssaysHeather Cateau and S. H. H. Carrington (ed.), Capitalism and Slavery Fifty Years Later: Eric Eustace Williams – A Reassessment of the Man and his WorkMarnie Hughes‐Warrington, Fifty Key Thinkers on HistoryRobert Allen Rutland (ed.), Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States 1945–2000Paul Slack, Environments and Historical Change: The Linacre LecturesRobert M. Burns and Hugh Rayment‐Pickard (ed.), Philosophies of History: From Enlightenment to PostmodernityTerry Brotherstone and David Ditchburn (ed.), Freedom and Authority. Historical and Historiographical Essays presented to Grant G. SimpsonDevoney Looser, British Women Writers and the Writing of History, 1670–1820Farhad Daftary, Intellectual Traditions in IslamFiroozeh Kashani‐Sabet, Frontier Fictions, Shaping the Iranian Nation 1804–1946Anthony D. Smith, The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and NationalismPhilippe Contamine (ed.), War and Competition between StatesJeremy Black, War: Past, Present and FutureJames D. Tracy (ed.), City Walls. The Urban Enceinte in Global PerspectiveAnders Winroth, The Making of Gratian’s DecretumMichael Gervers (ed.), Dating Undated Medieval ChartersMarco Mostert (ed.), New Approaches to Medieval CommunicationJeffrey Jerome Cohen (ed.), The Postcolonial Middle AgesMassimo Livi Bacci, The Population of Europe. A HistoryGiovanni Levi and Jean‐Claude Schmitt (ed.), A History of Young People in the West: Volume One, Ancient and Medieval Rites of PassagePat Thane, Old Age in English History. Past Experiences, Present IssuesFrançoise Piponnier and Perrine Mane, Dress in the Middle AgesDiana Crane, Fashion and its Social Agendas: Class, Gender, and Identity in ClothingJames R. Farr, Artisans in Europe 1300–1914Martin del Rio (ed. P. G. Maxwell‐Stuart), Investigations into MagicLionel Gossman, Basel in the Age of Burckhardt. A Study in Unseasonable IdeasD. R. Woolf, Reading History in Early Modern EnglandEdwin Jones, The English Nation: The Great MythMurray G. H. Pittock, Celtic Identity and the British ImagePaul Langford, Englishness Identified. Manners and Character 1650–1850Miranda Green and Ray Howell, A Pocket Guide to Celtic WalesFrancis Sheppard, London. A HistoryJ. H. Baker., The Common Law Tradition. Lawyers, Books and the LawChristine Riding and and Jacqueline Riding, The Houses of Parliament: History, Art, ArchitectureChristopher Tyerman, A History of Harrow School: 1324–1991William D. Rubinstein and Hilary L. Rubinstein, Philosemitism: Admiration and Support in the English‐Speaking World for Jews, 1840–1939Andy Bielenberg (ed.), The Irish DiasporaIan Duffield and James Bradley (ed.), Representing Convicts: New Perspectives on Convict Forced Labour MigrationRonald Rees, King Copper: South Wales and the Copper Trade, 1584–1895J. C. H. Blom and E. Lamberts (translated by James C. Kennedy), History of the Low CountriesMartin Malia, Russia under Western Eyes: From the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin MausoleumDavid Killingray and David Omissi (ed.), Guardians of Empire: The Armed Forces of the Colonial Powers c.1700–1964Frederick Quinn, The French Overseas EmpireMartin A. Klein, Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West AfricaTadhg Foley (ed.), From Queen’s College to National University. Essays on the Academic History of QCG/UCG/NUI, Galway

Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out. Paul Elledge.The Literary Relationship of Lord Byron and Thomas Moore. Jeffery W. Vail.

<i>Lord Byron at Harrow School: Speaking Out, Talking Back, Acting Up, Bowing Out</i>. Paul Elledge.<i>The Literary Relationship of Lord Byron and Thomas Moore</i>. Jeffery W. Vail.