Harpodon Nehereus Research Articles

Assessing health hazards of dried fish consumption from coastal markets in a developing nation

Dried fish is a crucial protein source for coastal populations in developing countries, but it is becoming increasingly contaminated with heavy metals due to the use of traditional drying methods. This study assessed Cd, Cr, Pb, and Mn levels and their health risks in four commonly consumed dried fish species (Harpodon nehereus, Trichiurus lepturus, Penaeus affinis, and Amblypharyngodon mola) from the central coast of Bangladesh. Results showed Mn levels (17.47 ± 4.69 mg/kg) exceeded FAO limits (4.35 mg/kg), with the highest concentrations in H. nehereus. Cd levels (0.24 ± 0.16 mg/kg) in A. mola were also above safety thresholds. Lead was found in all species except P. affinis, with the highest concentration in A. mola (0.432 ± 0.06 mg/kg), which was within safe limits. Risk assessments revealed higher health risks for children, with elevated Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values compared to adults. H. nehereus had the highest THQ values for Cr (0.0014 mg/kg) and Mn (0.00044 mg/kg). Multivariate analyses indicated contamination from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The study stressed the need for better monitoring and mitigation to ensure the safety and nutritional value of dried fish.

The Design and Development Of Pond Water Quality Control Using pH Booster In Domestication Of Nomei Fish (Harpodon nehereus)

Nomei (Harpodon nehereus) is a special fish and one of the characteristic of the city of Tarakan, because it belongs to an endemic animal which is only found in coastal areas which is precisely in Juata laut water. The nutritional and protein content found in nomei fish is fery high so it is much favored by the people of Tarakan. Preventing the decline in the population level of nomei fish due to continuous fishing by fisherman so that sustainable and synergistic cultivation is needed by means of domestication. To support nomei fish domestication activities, it is carried out by implementing pond water quality control by considering two measurable parameters, namely water salinity and pH using a microcontroller as a pond water quality controller. The results of controlling the up to dwon pond water salinity decreased by 3.0316% and the down to up pond water salinity increased in salinity value by 8.18382%. for controlling the pH of pond water, the system worked very well and was able to maintain the pH value at a predetermined set point at 1:08:00 AM, 2:08:00 AM, 3:06:00 AM, 4:33:00 AM, 6:37:00 AM, 7:13:00 AM, and 3:01:00 PM with pH value between 7.5 – 8.5. The recommendation from this study indicated that the water quality control system that had been created was able to maintain and control salinity nomei fish pond according to the given set point value. Keywords: Nomei fish (Harpodon nehereus); Domestification; Control; Salinity; pH; Microcontroller.

Design of Thermoelectric-Based Salinity and Temperature Control for Nomei Fish

Nomei fish (Harpodon nehereus) are creatures commonly found under layers of mud or fine sand along the coast. They cannot survive in waters with extreme salinity and temperature. When daylight comes and the air temperature rises, the temperature inside the fishpond also tends to rise, while when night falls, the water in the pond becomes colder. Extreme temperature changes, both high and low, can make these fish susceptible to disease and impact their ability to feed and immune system. This research is developmental research as the objective is to test the control of salinity and temperature in Nomei fishponds. To achieve this goal, a system has been developed. The system uses two sensors, namely a conductivity sensor that serves to measure the level of water salinity and sends data to the Arduino device to set the pump based on an average of about 17 ppm. In addition, there is also a temperature sensor that measures the water temperature in the pool and sends data to the Arduino device to adjust the heater and thermoelectric based on the average temperature between 28.5°C and 31.5°C, to maintain stable water quality. The results of this study show that the developed system successfully maintains and controls the salinity and temperature in the Nomei fishpond in accordance with the predetermined set points.

Quality evaluation of improved and traditionally dried Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) through biochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic analysis

The study was conducted to compare the quality and shelf life of traditionally dried (collected from the local markets) Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) with improved dried products (produced using a newly developed fish dryer) to assess its suitability. The quality of these products was evaluated through organoleptic, water reconstitution, nutritional, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The organoleptic quality of improved dried fish was excellent while those produced traditionally were with grayish and dark brown color, rancid odor, and soft and fragile texture with insect infestation. The water reconstitution properties of the improved dried sample were 75.71% and 89.39% at room temperature and 80 °C, respectively, which were comparatively higher than the traditional dried products. The protein, ash, and contents were significantly higher in improved dried fish products while the lipid and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content were much lower than those of market-dried samples. The total viable counts (TVC) of bacteria were significantly higher in the traditional products which indicated poor quality. To find out the best storage method, dried fish was kept at three different conditions: in the open air at room temperature, in a sealed pack at room temperature, and a sealed pack at refrigeration temperature (4 °C). The shelf life of the products in different storage conditions was evaluated by estimating their moisture, protein, lipid, ash, TVB-N, and TVC values. The products kept at 4 °C temperature was found almost unaltered in terms of their nutritional properties after 4-months storage period. Results indicated that the newly developed fish dryer produced high-quality dried fish products with longer shelf life can be expected if the dried fish is stored at 4 °C refrigeration temperature. Our findings will be a valuable tool for the fish processors to ease the fish drying process and its storage that will enable them to commercially supply good quality dried Harpodon nehereus in the market chain at a low-cost.

Effect of chitosan coating and drying on quality of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus)

Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) is one of the most abundant and preferable marine species in the Maharashtra and Gujrat regions. While Bombay duck is mostly consumed in dried form, the major problems associated with traditionally sun-dried Bombay duck are contamination by insects or pests; uneven drying which leads to spoilage; and poor quality of the end product. Chitosan and its derivatives are used as an edible coating in food applications due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. In the present work, the effect of chitosan coating and drying on the quality of Bombay duck was studied. Five different samples were prepared as follows: (i) control (without any treatment); (ii) dip-treated in 1% acetic acid (AA); (iii) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid (CAA); (iv) dip-treated in 1% malic acid (MA); and (v) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% malic acid (CMA). All samples were dried at 50°C. When biochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were assessed for four months, results indicated the sample coated with chitosan pre-dissolved in either acetic acid or malic acid had lower TVB-N (86.5 - 115.25 mg/100 g) and TPC (5.3 - 5.5 log10 CFU/g) than the control (TVB = 163 mg/100 g; TPC = 7.4 log10 CFU/g); a similar trend was also observed for TBA values. Even though the microbial analysis revealed that TPC crossed the limit of acceptability (5.2 log10 CFU/g) by the second month in the control, AA, CAA, MA, and CMA levels were acceptable up to three months. Sensory analysis showed that the overall acceptability score was higher for sample coated with chitosan. These results suggested that chitosan coating and drying could improve the quality of dried Bombay duck.

Nutritional Analysis of Three Commercially Important Dried Fish (Otolithoides Pama, Trichiurus Haumela, Harpodon Nehereus) of Three Different Countries

The study aimed to compare the nutritional and fatty acid composition of three dried fish species, Otolithoides pama, Trichiurus haumela, and Harpodon nehereus, of Bangladesh and imported sample of India and Myanmar. Proximate compositions were analyzed using the AOAC method with modifications, and fatty acid analyses were conducted via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Overall, the quality of fish samples from all three countries was deemed excellent. The dried Harpodon nehereus from Myanmar stood out with the highest protein content (62.81±2.83%) among the species, while also exhibiting the highest lipid content (11.03±0.39%). Indian Harpodon nehereus had the highest ash content (10.18±0.72%), and Bangladesh’s dried Harpodon nehereus had higher moisture and fiber content. For Trichiurus haumela, the Bangladeshi sample had the highest protein and lipid content, whereas Myanmar’s sample had the highest ash concentration. Moisture and fiber content were higher in Myanmar and Bangladesh. Otolithoides pama displayed variations in protein, ash, moisture, and fiber content across countries, with India having the highest moisture content. The major fatty acids identified included Methyl Palmitate, Methyl Palmitpleate, Methyl Laurate, Methyl Arachidonate, and Methyl Stearate, with notable levels of Methyl Linoleate in all three species, particularly in Bangladeshi Trichiurus haumela. In summary, the study revealed significant compositional variations in dried fish from different countries.

Growth pattern and the condition index of nomei fish Harpodon nehereus captured with mini-trawl in Tarakan Waters

Nomei (Harpodon nehereus) is a which is found in the northern waters of Tarakan City which has a fairly high economic value. The purpose of the study to analyze the growth patterns and condition index of the fish in Tarakan waters. The research was conducted in two periods, namely the period January-February 2022 and June-July 2022. The research method used a quantitative descriptive method. Fish samples were collected from fisher and data observed were total length, total weight, and sex. In January, the sampled H. nehereus consisted of males (n = 69) and females (n = 231) with allometric negative growth and both fat (male = 50.7%) and thin (female = 48.1%) body type were found. In February 2022, the growth of males (n = 70) and females (n = 224) were positive allometric and both type of body shape were found, with sex ratio of male 48.6% and female 51.4%. In June 2022, the growth of males (n = 980) and females (n = 680) were negative allometric with body shape of both fat (male = 48.1%) and thin (female = 48.5%). In July 2022, the growth of male (n=1197) and female (n=822) were negative allometric with body shape fat (male=49.1%) and thin (female 47.8%). A better management of aquatic biological resources, especially the stock of nomei fish (H. nehereus), is crucial for a sustainable resource.

Identification of Endogenous and Artificial Formaldehyde Biomarkers in Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus) Using 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach

ABSTRACT Formaldehyde can occur endogenously in fisheries products by enzymatic processes. However, the practice of illegally adding artificial formaldehyde still occurs in several developing countries, including Indonesia. The aim of this study is to identify the biomarkers used to distinguish endogenous from artificial formaldehyde in Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) as a sample fisheries product. The 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach was used to identify metabolites in samples. Metabolite analysis with proton NMR detected 11 metabolites in Bombay duck fillet samples (i.e. lactic acid, acetic acid, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine, lysine, anserine, inosine, inosine-5’-monophospate, and hypoxanthine). The results of the study showed that three metabolites in this list, namely trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA), and lysine, can be used as indicators to distinguish endogenous formaldehyde from artificial formaldehyde in Bombay duck fish.

Quality and Shelf Life Evaluation of Chitosan-coated Dried Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus)

Background: Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) is one of the most abundant and preferable marine species in the Maharastra and Gujrat region. Bombay duck is mostly consumed in dried form. The major problem associated with traditionally sun-dried Bombay duck is contamination by insects or pest, uneven drying which leads to spoilage and poor quality of end product. Chitosan and its derivatives are used as edible coating food applications due to its antioxidants and antimicrobial action. In the present study was aimed to improve the quality of dried Bombay duck by applying chitosan coating and drying under controlled temperature Methods:The five different lots of samples were prepared viz. i) control (without any treatment) ii) dip treated in1% acetic acid (AA) iii) dip treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid (CAA) iv) dip treated in 1% malic acid (MA) v) dip treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% malic acid (CMA). All the samples were dried at 50°C. Biochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were assessed out up to 4 months. Results: The study revealed that sample coated with chitosan which was pre dissolved in either acetic acid or malic acid had lower TVB-N (86.5-115.25 mg/100g), TPC (5.3-5.5 log cfug/g) than control (TVB-163mg/100g; TPC-7.4 log cfu/g). Similar trend also observed for TBA values. Microbial analysis revealed that TPC crossed the limit of acceptability (5.2 log cfu/g) on 2nd month in control. However, AA, CAA, MA, and CMA had acceptable level up to three months. Sensory analysis showed that overall acceptability score was higher for fish coated with chitosan. Results suggested that chitosan coating and drying could improve the quality of dried Bombay duck.

1H-Nmr Spectroscopy to Measure the Ki Index of Bombay Ducks During Chilling Storage As An Approach to Determine Freshness

The quality of fish freshness plays a crucial role in the acceptance of consumers and human health. Considering that food safety has recently become a major concern on a global scale, establishing and evaluating fish freshness is crucial for research and development. Some methods that can be used to assess fish freshness are the K-values and the Ki index. Those methods evaluate the fish freshness based on the degradation of nucleosides in fish that occurred during the deterioration process. This study aimed to assess quality freshness (Ki index) in Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus), one of the tropical fisheries products, using concentration nucleosides in chilling temperature storage conditions for 12 days. Analysis of nucleosides in this study was conducted using a 1 H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) metabolomics approach. Four nucleosides (Inosine, Hypoxanthine, inosine 5' monophosphate, and ATP) were successfully analyzed during this study. This study showed Hypoxanthine was slightly fluctuated, IMP Increased until 4 days then decreased markedly, ATP decreased markedly up to 6 days, then relatively stagnant in the remaining storage and inosine decreased up to 4 days, significantly increased from 6 days until 12 storage. Furthermore, freshness calculation showed that the Ki index of Bombay duck fish significantly increased during chilling storage conditions from 0 days to six days (47% - 94%). Furthermore, the Ki index showed a stable pattern from 6 – 12 days of storage (94% - 95%). The Ki index of Bombay duck value exceeded 80% after storing the fish for four days. Therefore, based on these calculations after 4 days storage in the chilling temperature Bombay ducks is categorized as the fish which is not fresh anymore.

Composition of Fishing Gear Pengerih at Day and Night in Meskom Village, Bengkalis District

Pengerih is one of the trapping gears used by fishermen in Meskom Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the catch of Pengerih including the type and weight of fish caught during the day and night. This research was conducted in September 2022 in Meskom Village, Bengkalis Regency. The method used in this research is the survey method. The analysis used is by calculating the level of main catch and bycatch using the formulation of Akiyama. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the catch of curler gear was 9 types with a total catch of 5.030 fish with a total weight of 51,08 kg. The dominant types of catch during the study were red shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) 1.272 fish weighing 10,64 kg, striped shrimp (Parapenaeopsis sculptilis) 1,158 fish weighing 9,71 kg, white shrimp (Panaeus merguiensis) 1,115 fish weighing 9,34 kg, thorn shrimp (Panulirus sp) 883 fish weighing 7,34 kg, Moustached thryssa (Engraulis mystax) 302 fish 3,84 kg. While the bycatch consisted of print shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) 39 fish weighing 1,46 kg, Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) 75 fish weighing 5,42 kg, Panna croaker (Otolithoides microdon) 93 fish weighing 1,46 kg, Shorthead hairfin anchovy (Setipinna breviceps) 93 fish and weighing 1.87 kg. If you look at the results of the catch more tend to be a lot of catches at night 2.813 fish weigh 28.84 while during the day 2.217 fish weigh 22.24 kg.

Effects of Steaming on the Functional Properties and Mineral Content of Lumi-Lumi Fish (Harpodon Nehereus) Meal

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mineral content, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and soluble protein of Lumi-lumi fish meal (Harpodon nehereus) treated with and non-steamed for 30 min. The results revealed that iron (Fe) mineral content was significantly higher in the steamed than non-steamed treatment but not in calcium (Ca). However, there was a decrease in the minerals magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) during the steamed process, which was not significant. Then, during steamed, there was a significant decrease in antioxidant activity but not in total soluble protein, whereas phenolic content increased. Based on the findings of this study, Lumi-lumi fish (Harpodon nehereus) meal steamed treatment could be the best treatment because it contained the best phenolic and Fe and Ca minerals.

Implementation of Lumi-lumi (Harpodon nehereus) Fish Fillet Processing Methods as Salted Fish to Short Drying Time

The downstream fishing industry in the form of fish processing has great potential to improve community welfare. In addition to providing added value to fishery products, fish processing is one solution if there is an overproduction of fishery catches. Salted fish processing producers at MSMEs Jaya Salted Fish in Langkak Village, Kuala Pesisir District, Nagan Raya Regency are currently continuing to improve production efficiency for production optimization. There are technical limitations in terms of production efficiency by partners so that counseling and training on improving production efficiency are needed. The methods used in this service are counseling and training. This activity was carried out at the MSME Jaya Ikan Asin unit in Langkak Village, District. Kuala Pesisir Nagan Raya Regency on October 1-2, 2022. This activity began with the manufacture of fishery products in the form of Bombay Duck salted fish. In this activity, there are several stages of activities, namely surveys, salted fish processing processes, and salted fish drying. This activity is carried out well so that it can increase the number of types of Bombay Duck salted fish production in MSMEs jaya salted fish

Changes of Nutritional Value of Steamed Lumi-Lumi Fish (Harpodon nehereus) Flour

Lumi-lumi fish (Harpodon nehereus) or known as Bombay duck is a type of commercial demersal fish in the city of Meulaboh. Aceh. This fish can live all year round. The availability of this fish is quite large but often it is not appropriately used. it is only processed traditionally. Lumi-lumi has been reported to have good nutritional content. The objective of this study was to identify the nutritional content of fish in Lumi-lumi. In this study. Lumi-lumi fish was conducted into 2 treatments: steamed fish and non-steamed fish. Identification of nutritional content was carried out on fish that had been processed into flour. In this study. the yield of Lumi-lumi fish meal in the non-steamed treatment was 10.23%. and in the steamed treatment. it was 10.57%. The nutritional value of Lumi-lumi fish meal protein which was steamed was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that which was not steamed. namely 13.32 ± 0.48% and 9.50 ± 0.70%. respectively. However. the fat content was lower in the steamed treatment. which was 12.56 ± 1.18%. compared to not steamed. which was 14.24 ± 0.96%. Significant moisture and ash content (p<0.05) were lower in the steamed treatment than in the non-steamed treatment. Meanwhile. the fiber content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the steam treatment. Therefore. steamed lumi-lumi fish has a higher protein content. Fat content following SNI 01-2715-1996 fish flour quality standards.

Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) natural formaldehyde levels and changes during frozen storage

Demersal fish, including the Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus), have relatively high levels of TMAO and hence have the potential for high natural formaldehyde content. This study aimed to determine the natural formaldehyde content of bombay duck and the pattern of the change during frozen storage. Approximately 15 kg bombay duck of 38 – 45g each caught by one-day fishing in Juwata Waters, Tarakan, North Kalimantan Indonesia, was transported in ice to the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jakarta. Upon arrival, they were split into three groups as replicates and stored frozen for five months. Every month, the levels of formaldehyde, TVB, and sensory properties were monitored, and proximate analysis was performed before storage. The results showed that natural formaldehyde was detected in Bombay duck flesh before storage at a relatively high level of 12.58 + 0.35 ppm, increased to 17.3 ppm after one month of storage, and then decreased afterward. In contrast, TVB levels were low, 12.66 + 2, 54 mg N% before storage, then increased during storage. Based on sensory evaluation, all attributes of the bombay duck were deemed in good condition, with scores ranging from 7-8, except for the eyes, which received a score of less than 6.

Kinetics, modelling and evaluation of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) dried in solar-LPG hybrid dryer

This work investigated the kinetics, modelling and quality of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) dried in the solar-LPG hybrid dryer. The moisture content of the Bombay duck was lowered from 86.4 ± 0.52% to 16.4 ± 0.67% (w.b) within 11 h. The reduction in weight of Bombay duck samples during drying was measured at 1 h interval. LPG backup maintained the desirable drying conditions in the dryer. The drying process was observed to occur under the falling rate period. Effective moisture diffusivity during drying of Bombay duck was determined to be 3.7 × 10 -10 m2/s. Drying parameters were fitted into thin layer drying models. The Page model was a suitable fit for the data under study (R2 = 0.9986, RMSE = 0.01268 and χ2 = 0.000134). The maximum drying and collector efficiency recorded for Bombay duck drying in solar-LPG dryer was 40.67% and 33.7%, respectively. The rehydration ratio and shrinkage of dried Bombay duck were found to be 1.94 and 26.42% respectively. Microbial analysis of dried fish was within the safe limits. Benefit-cost ratio, payback period, NPW, annuity and IRR were also determined to check the economic feasibility of the study.

Microplastics in Seawater, Sediment, and Organisms from Hangzhou Bay

Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in global oceans, and can pose a threat to marine organisms. This study examined the abundance and characteristics of MPs in seawater, sediment, and organism samples collected from Hangzhou Bay. Abundance of MPs in seawater (n = 26) and sediment (n = 26) were 0.77–9.6 items/m3 and 44–208 items/kg dw, respectively. Size of MPs in sediment (mean 2.5 mm, range 0.21–5.3 mm) was significantly (p < 0.05) larger than that in seawater (1.1 mm, 0.13–4.9 mm). Fiber was consistently the predominant shape of MPs in seawater and sediment. The major polymer composition of MPs was polyethylene (PE; mean 47 %) in seawater, but textile cellulose (60 %) was the main polymer type of MPs in sediment. Average abundance of MPs in marine organisms (n = 388) ranged from 0.064 (zooplankton) to 2.9 (Harpodon nehereus) items/ind, with the mean size of 0.19–1.4 mm. MP abundance in marine organisms was not significantly correlated with their trophic level. Fiber was always the predominant shape of MPs in different marine organisms, contributing mean 67 (fish)–93 % (zooplankton) of total MPs. MPs in crustacean (mean 58 %), shellfish (64 %), and cephalopod (29 %) were dominated by textile cellulose. Whereas, PE (mean 44 %) and polypropylene (43 %) were the major polymer compositions of MPs in fish and zooplankton, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study investigating the occurrence of MPs in environmental matrixes from Hangzhou Bay, which contributes to the better understanding of environmental behaviors of MPs in estuarine sea environment.

Muscle tissue structural changes in bombay-duck (Harpodon nehereus) induced by formaldehyde solution during post-mortem storage

Formaldehyde is a harmful compound that is usually used as an illegal preservative agent in fisheries products to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. In several fishery products, formaldehyde can be formed endogenously during the post mortem process through degradation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) by enzymatic process. Exogenous and endogenous formaldehyde can affect the textural and structural change in fish muscle tissue significantly influencing flesh quality. This study was aimed to characterize the structural change of the muscle tissue in Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) that is immersed with formaldehyde solution on chilling storage temperature. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was used to identify and characterize the structural change in muscle tissue samples, which were immersed with formaldehyde solution 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. SEM analysis identified that in transversal section samples immersed with formaldehyde solution 0% (control) intermyofibrillar space was increased significantly during post mortem storage. This was in line with the increased of myofibril, connective tissue and sarcolemma lost on samples. Furthermore, on samples that were immersed with formaldehyde solution 1%,3%, and 5% the degradation of myofibril and intermyofibrillar was can be held and the connectivity tissue muscle still showed strong aggregation during post mortem storage.

Comparative quality assessment of traditional vs. improved dried Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) under different storage conditions: Solar chimney dryer a low-cost improved approach for nutritional dried fish.

Dried fish and fishery products provide important and affordable dietary sources of animal protein. The present study compared the sensory, microbial, and biochemical quality of bombay duck (Harpadon nehereous) dried fish produced using improved versus traditional open‐air drying method. The sensory, microbial, and biochemical quality was determined following quality index, total plate count (TPC), and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method, respectively. The sensory quality results indicate highly acceptable dried fish with the improved method compared to traditional method at both initial and storage condition. The microbial load (APC, TEC, TViC, and TSC) of improved dried fish was within internationally permissible microbiological standards for food whereas traditionally dried fish exceeded the permissible limit. The biochemical composition (protein, lipid, ash, and moisture) of improved dried fish had better nutritional value than the traditional dried fish. After 60 days storage time, samples packaged under HDPE conditions exhibited excellent organoleptic characteristics, lower microbial load, and lower biochemical decomposition than samples packaged in LDPE. The above results confirmed that the solar chimney dryer produced superior quality of dried fish compared to the traditional open‐air drying method both initially and after storage, while packaging dried fish under HDPE conditions extended shelf life further.

Comparative assessment of dried fish quality collected from market and drying centre at Kuakata in Patuakhali, Bangladesh

The study identified the quality differences of dried Chinese pomfret (Stromateus chinensis), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) from market and drying center at Kuakata, Patuakhali. The sensory, nutritional and microbial quality of collected dried samples were evaluated following organoleptic quality index, standard AOAC and aerobic plate count methods, respectively. Organoleptically no significant difference found between the samples from market and drying center. The highest moisture content value was obtained in Bombay duck (29.78%) from the market and lowest value in Chinese pomfret (20.06%) from drying center. The highest and lowest protein content was in Chinese pomfret (60.73%) and Bombay duck (47.9%) from drying center and market, respectively. The lipid and ash content varied from 2.85% to 7.20% and 13.98% to 19.57% for all the dried fish species collected from both sites. Microbiologically, higher aerobic plate count (APC), total E. coli count (TEC) and total Salmonella count (TSC) were found in Chinese pomfret at 1.96×106 CFU/g, 3.98×105 CFU/g and 1.62×105 CFU/g from market and lowest count found in Bombay duck at 5.05×105, 2.22×105 and 0.81×105 from drying center, respectively. In ribbon fish no Salmonella sp. was found. Based on the sensory and nutritional quality the study conclude that among three species and two sites studied, the dried Bombay duck from the fish drying center had better quality characteristics than the counter parts. However, higher microbial load especially pathogenic TSC and TEC suggests to improve hygiene and sanitary practices, better market distribution and storage facilities need to be followed by the producers for safe and quality dried fishery products.