Harness Design Research Articles

Design and Development of AI based Wiring Harness Simulator for Pigtail Wiring Harness Development in Electrical Checkout System (ECOS)

Electrical Checkout System (ECOS) tool validates electrical loads by quantifying their resistance in a typical production line of a commercial vehicle manufacturing organization. Model specific pigtails needs development for connecting the ECOS equipment with commercial vehicles in production. Conventional manual approach is used for Pigtail ECOS harness design and development which is both time-consuming and prone for errors. This project is related to the accelerated design and development of pigtail ECOS harness utilizing the power of Artificial Intelligence in analyzing the input wiring diagrams spanning multiple sheets in PDF format and accurately identify the wire loads. The AI provides the result in the form of tabulated spreadsheets consisting the data of wiring loads and pin details. Through this project the lead time for harness design and development is reduced significantly

A Novel Topological Method for Automated and Exhaustive Wire Harness Design

The current practice of manual wire harness design is labor-intensive, time-consuming, costly, and error-prone. In this paper, we present a methodology for completely automated wire harness design. We propose a topological approach that yields all the possible electrically admissible but topologically distinct harness system layouts that can be used to connect the specified terminals. Each generated layout represents a possible harness design. For layout generation, the proposed method utilizes the so-called routing graphs associated with the closed surfaces bounding the product. The developed methods are able to handle both — (1) On-Surface routing, when the wires are required to be constrained to the surface of the product, and (2) In-Air routing, when in addition to the surface the wires are also allowed to be embedded in product’s ambiance. For the final geometric embedding of the generated harnesses, we present an optimization-based methodology that determines the optimum lengths of the segments over which the wires should be bundled together. The results presented demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach through multiple realistic examples.

A harness trial for radio-tracking threatened birds inhabiting dense vegetation

The 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires resulted in the conservation status listing and uplisting of many species because of the significant loss of species’ habitat, while also highlighting the lack of basic empirical data available for many of our threatened taxa. The Kangaroo Island Western Whipbird Psophodes nigrogularis lashmari and Western Bassian Thrush Zoothera lunulata halmaturina were two such taxa uplisted to Endangered. Both species are extremely cryptic, making monitoring their post-fire recovery particularly difficult. We trialled a small rubber-band backpack harness designed specifically to attach radio-transmitters to ground-foraging species inhabiting dense vegetation to assess its usefulness in future studies. The harness design was very quick and easy to attach in the field, with retention times of c. 14–22 days achieved. The rubber band’s natural ‘weak link’ makes it a useful and simple harness technique in studies where entanglement is a potential issue and short-term deployment is desirable.

산업용 전신 하네스 설계를 위한 치수 체계 제안

Background/Objectives: Industrial harness designs have traditionally prioritized safety and protection against physical impact while giving limited consideration to the wearer's body shape. To enhance the comfort of industrial harnesses, this study proposes domestic industrial harness sizing systems based on an analysis of Korean anthropometric measurements.
 Methods: Data from the 8th Size Korea anthropometric report(2020-2023) were utilized to propose sizing systems tailored to the Korean body type for industrial harness products. Dimensional analysis involved the direct measurement data of adult men and women aged 20 to 59. The sizing systems of commercially available industrial harnesses were also examined. The product from domestic brand with 3 sizes was selected as a representative design for further analysis.
 Results: Through an analysis of waist circumference frequency dis tribution, three sizes were determined: S (66- 161), M (81- 166), and L (96- 172).
 Conclusion/Implications: The industrial full body harness sizing system proposed in this study, based on Korean anthropometric measurements, is expected to enhance the fit of harnesses. Furthermore, this study is expected to offer essential data for establishing a rational sizing system from a producer's perspective. This research is significant as it represents the first effort to establish sizing systems for Koreans in full body harness design. Furthermore, it is anticipated that full body harness product designs using this system will not only improve user satisfaction with fit but also enhance ergonomic suitability.

Identification and classification of factors affecting the non-use of safety harness at height among construction workers in Tehran.

The accident of falling from a height is high among construction workers. Construction workers do not use harnesses. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the non-use of harnesses among construction workers in Tehran, Iran. In this study was conducted by interviewing professors and construction workers in order to identify factors affecting the non-use of harness. Factors influencing the non-use of safety harnesses were identified from the workers' point of view. The obtained data were classified and coded using MAXQDA 10 software. After that, the most essential, effective and powerful factors were identified using the degree and intersectionality of social network analysis. According to the interview results, 27 factors were determined as factors affecting the non-use of harnesses by construction workers and divided into four main groups. The four groups were harness design, management factors, harness comfort, and attitudinal factors. Based on the results of the degree centrality, the non-ergonomic design and attitude of the harness inefficiency were identified as the most influential and powerful factors. The betweenness indicator also showed that the non-ergonomic design could mediate other factors in the non-use of the harness. The findings showed that by considering various factors such as considering more comfort in the design of the ergonomic harness, it produced a better product. Also, the use of safety harnesses by workers increases.

Effect of harness design on the biomechanics of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

ABSTRACT Harnesses have become increasingly popular and whilst there are benefits to harnesses, the impact of harness design on canine biomechanics, and thus physical health and welfare is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of three popular commercially available harnesses on canine locomotion in 66 domestic dogs. Dogs were filmed moving on a loose lead over a Tekscan Strideway gait analysis system. Stride length as a proportion of limb length (calculated as distance from the elbow to the floor), body weight distribution in the front versus the hind limbs (%), and minimum and maximum apparent angles of the lateral epicondyle of humerus (LEH) and greater tubercle of humerus (GTH) during the motion cycle were measured. Except for GTH angles, there were significant differences in all the investigated metrics. Differences varied across breeds/breed types. It is recommended that, when purchasing and fitting harnesses for dogs, owners and harness fitters treat dogs on an individual basis. The impact of pulling in harness on dog gait requires investigation as dogs may experience greater restrictions when pulling than during locomotion on a loose lead.

Survey on Harness Design for CubeSats: Understanding the Constraints of CubeSats Design and Toward an Optical Wireless Bus for CubeSats

Survey on Harness Design for CubeSats: Understanding the Constraints of CubeSats Design and Toward an Optical Wireless Bus for CubeSats

A study on wound prevalence and its associated risk factors in donkeys in and around Shashemene town, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of wound and associated risk factors in equines in and around Shashemene town, Ethiopia. A total of 338 randomly selected working donkeys were physically examined out of which 199 (59%) were affected by wounds. In this study body condition was significantly associated (p<0.05) with wound prevalence while age and sex of donkeys were not associated as p-value was >0.05. This study also showed as floor and weight load carried by donkey was significant with a p-value 0.033 and 0.000 respectively. The mean weight carried by donkey was 519.08 kg with the maximum and minimum weight was 800 kg and 100 kg respectively. The highest wound distribution was found at back or withers of the donkeys with a prevalence of 24.3% and followed by shoulder, prescapular, chest, forelimb, neck and hind limb with 11.83%, 10.35%, 4.14%, 3.84%, 3.55%, 0.88% prevalence respectively. Variation in a wound type, abrasion, laceration, punctures and incises, was also significant with p-value 0.000 and 35.23%, 17.8%, 5.3% and 0.6% prevalence respectively and most of the wound was a moderate (21.89%) and followed by mild (18.93%) and severe (18.04%). The highest wound prevalence was caused by improper harness design and saddle (45.85%) followed by unknown cause (5.32%)nail piercing (0.3%), overloading and overworking (0.3%) and infectious disease (0.01%) of wound prevalence. Most of the owners take their donkeys to the nearby veterinary service (50.75%) out of 58.9% of prevalence and most of them were give to their donkeys a short term rest. Generally, the study has clearly indicated wound as a prevailing health and welfare problem of working donkeys in and around Shashemene town. Hence, implementing a comprehensive donkey health and welfare improvement program that focus towards the attitude of owners and awareness creation which was not limited by boundary between town and country side should be a priority for concerned stakeholder.

Simulation Model for Wire Harness Design in the Car Production Line Optimization Using the SimPy Library

The automotive industry is one of the most important economic sectors in the world. At the beginning, vehicles only had mechanical components, so the use of an automotive wire harness was not indispensable. Cars today are equipped with electronic components that, in addition to the basic operations of moving, turning, and stopping, perform more and more functions every day. Wiring harnesses are indispensable for controlling these electronic components. Automotive wiring harnesses have hundreds of variants, are principally manufactured with customized designs, and are measured specifically for each car. A large number of production variants increase labor hours, as well as rework, inventory, and manufacturing costs. Even when technologies exist to assist in the design of production lines, today, the design of production lines is mainly based on experience from previous cases. This paper aims to show how a discrete event simulation permits support for decision making for the proper design of assembly lines, as well as identifying possible unbalances in production lines and overloaded processes. In our work, we design and implement a discrete event simulation model of this production using the SimPy Python library. Finally, a case study in the automotive sector is presented, a production week is simulated, and the current plant configuration and possible improvement scenarios are analyzed.

Effect of safety harness design on the pressures exerted on the user’s body in the state of its suspension

The presented studies concern the pressure of safety harnesses on the user’s body in a state of its suspension. An anthropomorphic dummy was used for simulation of human behaviour in suspension. The test objects included four models of harnesses of different designs, equipped with attachment elements placed at the back and front of the human body. Pressure mapping sensors of 56 × 56 mm2 surface area and two-dimensional (2D) pressure mapping apparatus were used for the measurements. The parameters characterizing the pressures of the harness belts on the dummy surface were defined. The obtained results demonstrated in which position the pressures exerted on the dummy are the greatest and that they depend mainly on the design of the safety harnesses and their attachment point. The most sensitive points of action of the harness on the user’s body have been identified. Guidelines for the construction of the safety harnesses have been formulated.

Musculoskeletal Load Analysis for the Design and Control of a Wearable Robot Bracing the Human Body While Crawling on a Floor

Wearable robots, such as exoskeletons, can potentially reduce the load at targeted muscles of the human body during fatiguing tasks. It is common, however, that use of a wearable robot causes increased load at untargeted muscles, leading to minimal net improvement. Here, musculoskeletal impacts of a wearable robotic device are examined to establish a foundation for the design and control of a robot based on a musculoskeletal model and experimental data. The model predicts the effect of the device, called Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SuperLimbs), on the wearer’s whole body muscular effort. SuperLimbs brace the upper body of a human while they work near floor-level. Its effectiveness varies depending on how it is attached to the human (harness design), how it is coupled to the floor (wrist and hand design), and how it is controlled (actuation policy). These behaviors and their interplay are analyzed and used to inform the design and control of the robot. First, body movements are measured with a motion capture system while a human subject crawls on the floor. Their muscular activity and the floor reaction forces are then estimated based on a musculoskeletal model’s inverse dynamics optimization. The effect of the SuperLimbs is assessed by replacing both human arms in the model with robotic limbs. The analysis reveals that the human muscle load is minimized with a particular combination of SuperLimbs joint torques that can be used as feedforward commands to the SuperLimbs controller. Desirable harness and wrist properties are obtained by varying the parameters of the Human+Robot model, and tracking the effect of these changes on the distribution of muscles forces in the human’s back. It is found that a harness chest plate of the SuperLimbs attached at its anterior edge minimizes muscle activity in the back’s vulnerable lower lumbar region. The model is verified with ground reaction force experiments, and its validity is examined for every simulation experiment.

Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen cooperate to remove tracking devices

Recent advances in tracking technology have enabled devices such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) loggers to be used on a wide variety of birds. Although there are established ethical considerations to these processes, different species may react differently to particular devices and attachments. Thus, pilot studies are still of utmost importance in this field. Here, we describe one such study trialling a novel harness design for GPS tracking devices on Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Despite previous testing demonstrating the strength and durability of the harness, devices were removed within minutes to hours of initial fitting. Notably, removal was observed to involve one bird snapping another bird’s harness at the only weak point, such that the tracker was released. This behaviour demonstrates both cooperation and a moderate level of problem solving, providing potential further evidence of the cognitive abilities of this species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the conspecific removal of GPS trackers, and should be considered when planning future tracking studies especially on highly social species.

보건용 마스크 형태 및 착용 방법에 따른 안면부 밀착도 평가

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to evaluate respirator fit factor (FF) and inward leakage (IL) of KF94 mask in two different designs (flat-fold, vertical-fold); and 2) to determine FF of KF94 mask when wearing using either ear-loop or headband clip in comparison with surgical N95 (SN95). A total of forty healthy participants were recruited for the present study. FF was measured according to the U.S. OSHA quantitative fit test protocol(CNC method) and IL was calculated from the measured FF while the physical activity was performed according to the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety’s Total Inward Leakage test protocol. The results indicated a significant difference in FF and IL between different shapes of K94 in that flat-fold design has a better facial fit and thereby a lesser IL(FF= 5.35 ± 3.83, IL= 18.68 ± 8.70%) than vertical-fold design(FF=2.7 ± 1.46, IL = 33.21 ± 21.23%). In comparison with SN95, KF94 showed a significantly lesser FF(F=148.6, p＜.001) with a noted difference between different shapes of SN95(flat-fold: 166.05 ± 38.21 vs. cup-shape: 133.20 ± 54.43). In terms of mask-wearing practice, a headband utilizing a headband clip significantly increased FF compared to mask-wearing with the earloop(p＜.001). In conclusion, mask FF and IL are significantly influenced by mask shape and harness design, and masks with higher FF result in lesser IL. Further, in terms of FF, SN95 outperformed KF94 in spite of similar filter performance.

Design

Design

Acute impacts from Teflon harnesses used to fit biologging devices to Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla

ABSTRACT Biologging is a routine technique for investigating movements and behaviours of birds in ecology, needing harnesses to attach devices to birds when long-term data of high spatial resolution are required. Evaluating the impacts on individuals of those devices and their attachment methods is important to maintain both animal welfare and the validity of data. In two independent trials of harnesses on Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, in Norway and the UK, harnesses were constructed from Teflon ribbon and deployed on breeding adults using two different attachment methods, a leg-loop (UK; n = 3) and thoracic cross-strap harness (UK; n = 3, Norway; n = 2). The birds were later recaptured and the harness fit and bird condition inspected. We found acute impacts from the harnesses of varying extent and severity, including abrasion and small lesions where the device or harness was sitting. Generally, the thoracic harness design caused more severe impacts, but some signs of feather abrasion were also evident on leg-loop individuals. While there was an apparently larger impact of thoracic harnesses on daily mass loss between recaptures compared with untagged or leg-loop individuals, the low sample sizes denied us statistically meaningful results. Continual appraisal in biologging studies is important, especially when studying a novel combination of species and attachment methods, even if those methods have been demonstrated to be safe and effective with similar taxa. Given the degree of abrasion reported here, we would not recommend the use of thoracic harnesses for Kittiwakes. However, leg-loops may be a viable alternative if different materials or design are used, provided that the impacts can be closely monitored and reported.

Wire Harness Design of Compact Tracking Radar

Wire Harness Design of Compact Tracking Radar

Effects of full body harness design on fall arrest performance

The use of personal protective equipment, including a safety harness, is one of the basic methods of protection against falls from a height. The presented studies, using an anthropomorphic dummy, identified the effect on the human body of the dangerous phenomena accompanying safety harness performance during fall arrest. The displacement of the dummy in the safety harness, the mutual displacement of the adjustment buckles and the webbing of the harness, the tightening of the straps on the dummy and the impacts exerted on the head of the dummy by the harness elements were considered. The correlation between the design of the safety harness and the parameters and phenomena in question has been demonstrated. It has been shown that for the purposes of assessment of novel harness designs it is necessary to carry out studies utilizing an anthropomorphic dummy in addition to resistance tests.

A Rump‐mount Harness Design Improvement for Greater Sage‐grouse

ABSTRACTMarking birds with radiotransmitters to ascertain movements and demographic parameters has been a common practice for >50 years. Previous research provides evidence that transmitters may negatively affect some avian species, including gallinaceous birds. Investigators now commonly use rump‐mount transmitters with leg‐loop harnesses to monitor greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), but there is concern about effects of such harnesses with no published protocols for harness construction or attachment. During spring 2017–2019, we captured male greater sage‐grouse on or near strutting grounds in Moffat County, Colorado, USA. In 2017, we deployed 20 very‐high‐frequency transmitters on male greater sage‐grouse with elasticized Teflon™‐ribbon harnesses, but discovered marked birds sustained skin abrasions and lacerations. After this discovery, we modified the harness to use ribbon sheathed with tubing. We used the modified harness on 129 males in 2018 and 2019. We found few to no abrasions or lacerations on 8 out of 8 recaptured males with the modified harness, whereas only 1 out of 7 recaptured males fitted with the original elasticized ribbon harness had few to no abrasions or lacerations. Our findings suggest that sheathing the ribbon used to build the leg loops improves the commonly used elasticized‐ribbon design. We suggest investigators planning to use rump‐mount harnesses on male and female greater sage‐grouse to consider adopting our design, develop and test a new or improved design, and carefully consider harness materials, construction, and fit prior to deployment. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

Coupling Tracking Technologies to Maximize Efficiency in Avian Research

ABSTRACTDirect marking and tracking of wildlife using telemetry is widespread and critical to understanding many aspects of wildlife ecology. For most species, researchers must select between multiple tracking technologies that represent trade‐offs among data requirements, mass, and cost. Options tend to be more limited for smaller, volant species. We developed and tested a unique combination of a store‐on‐board Global Positioning System logger with an independent very‐high‐frequency (VHF) tag (hereafter, hybrid tag) fitted on the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) with a modified harness design in northeastern Wyoming, USA, 2017–2018. We compared hybrid tags with other tracking technologies commonly used in avian research, namely VHF and Argos satellite relay tags. Given our research objectives, that required both frequent location data and field‐based observational data, we found the hybrid tags were the most cost‐effective option and capable of collecting more location data compared with Argos tags because of power savings associated with data transmission. Cost savings allowed us to avoid sacrificing sample size while still obtaining high‐resolution location data in addition to field‐based observational data such as the presence of chicks. We believe our hybrid tags and harness design would be beneficial to research on other avian species of comparable size to the greater sage‐grouse and those that are relatively localized year‐round, including many other Galliformes. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

Verification of Radiated Emissions Modeling for SpaceWire/LVDS Links Routed on CFRP Ground

In their previous work, the authors proposed a methodology for predicting and modeling electromagnetic emissions in case of shielded coaxial cable with respect to the ground dielectric properties. In that work, a shielded coaxial cable was treated as a travelling wave antenna and the decomposed contribution of each phenomenon was validated through extensive electric field measurements of the cable over various ground planes and heights. In the present paper, the authors attempt to verify the applicability of this methodology in more complex structures; exploring the case of SpaceWire (SpW) cable over a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer ground. This setup is of major interest for space applications, as it becomes the standard harness and grounding design for the majority of space missions. SpW is a space-application focused cable with four shielded twisted pairs employing low-voltage differential sign signaling, a geometry requiring rather cumbersome calculations in order to analytically extract the radiated emissions. The authors showcase that this issue can be bypassed with the proposed methodology, while measurements verify the validity of this claim also for the case of complex structures