Harmonization Of Ukrainian Legislation Research Articles

Legal regulation of inventions, utility models in Ukraine and the EU

The author considered the legal regulation of inventions and utility models in Ukraine and European experience. The legislation of Ukraine by year regarding inventions, useful models and the experience of solving issues in this field of some European countries was analyzed by year . The importance of gaining experience for development of a more predictable policy in the field of intellectual property and harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with international legal norms as well as adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU legislation were determined. The importance of working with intangible assets, in particular, in the conditions of russia's aggressive war against Ukraine, was determined, as far as it is a proven way to ensure economic growth and stability. Intangible assets include the results of research and development works, in particular, inventions, useful models, etc. Intangible assets, invisible to a non-specialist, can help to improve economic prospects, create higher-paying jobs and improve product quality as well. On the basis of the study of legislation in the field of intellectual property in Ukraine and the EU, there were identified some issues, that require deeper study and quick resolution needed for the development of Ukrainian economy. Namely, shortening the terms of examination of inventions and useful models, finding new ways to increase the motivation of authors to create inventions and useful models. During the research, it was found that a patent for a utility model can provide advantages to its owner on the market for a short time, since after 2-3 years, when a patent for an invention can be obtained, the product under the patent will no longer find demand and will not allow the manufacturer to return the investments, spent on its development and promotion to the market. Therefore, in order to preserve some branches of industry in Ukraine, it is proposed to leave the object of a useful model, the legal protection of which is provided – it can be a substance. This will save, for example, the chemical and oil refining industries in Ukraine.

HOW THE EU ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT SHAPES UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET REGULATION

This article delves into the impact of the European Union (EU) Association Agreement on Ukraine's financial services market regulation. The study examines how the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU norms has shaped the financial services sector's development and integration into the European economic area. Research Objectives: The main objectives of this research are to analyze the extent to which Ukrainian legislation aligns with the acquis EU in the financial services domain and to identify the challenges and opportunities arising from this process. Additionally, the study aims to assess the implications of the EU Association Agreement on Ukraine's financial market stability, transparency, and regulatory oversight. Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, a comprehensive review of relevant literature, EU directives, and regulatory acts concerning financial services was conducted. The study also analyzed official documents related to Ukraine's adaptation to EU norms and the implementation of the Association Agreement. Furthermore, expert opinions and insights from prominent scholars in the field were considered to gain a deeper understanding of the subject. Findings: The analysis reveals that the EU Association Agreement has played a pivotal role in shaping Ukraine's financial services market regulation. The step-by-step adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the acquis EU has fostered a more unified legal environment for market participants in both Ukraine and EU countries. Notably, the transfer of regulatory functions for the non-banking financial services market to the National Bank of Ukraine has enhanced overall financial stability and brought Ukraine's financial practices in line with international standards. However, certain limitations and restrictions in the cross-border provision of services persist, presenting challenges to fair competition and market access. Despite these hurdles, the successful implementation of the Comprehensive Program for the Development of the Financial Sector until 2020 has contributed to resolving economic issues and restoring macroeconomic stability in Ukraine. As Ukraine continues on its path towards deeper integration with the EU, ongoing efforts and reforms in the financial services market are essential to align with EU norms, foster cooperation, and attract more investments.

Harmonization of Ukrainian Legislation on Excise Taxation of Alcoholic Beverages With the Law of the European Union

Excise tax is a source of filling the budget in Ukraine and an instrument of state regulation of production and circulation of excisable goods. However, tax evasion and the growth of the shadow economy have a negative impact on all spheres of public life. Therefore, the purpose of this publication is to identify ways to improve the legal regulation of excise taxation in Ukraine, identify problematic aspects, the impact of increasing excise tax rates on the production of excisable alcohol, shadowing of the sector of production and sale of excisable goods, and analysis of foreign experience. The article based on systematic analysis using dialectical, comparative law, statistical and other methods analyzes the state of legal regulation of excise taxation of alcoholic beverages and are discussed approaches to improving tax legislation in Ukraine. In particular, the need to bring the legal framework in line with European directives, simplify tax procedures for taxpayers, establish economically justified tax rates, strengthen control over the production and circulation of excisable alcohol, prevent tax evasion, and introduce positive foreign experience in this sphere. One of the priority areas of harmonisation of legislation is the application of a differentiated approach to the taxation of alcoholic beverages depending on their strength, and other qualitative and quantitative characteristics; investing part of the budget revenues from the excise tax on alcoholic beverages in programmes aimed at preventing and stopping alcoholism; use of electronic control systems for the movement of alcoholic beverages from producer to consumer

Harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the experience of the EU in the field of service invention

Harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the experience of the EU in the field of service invention

Problematic aspects of legal regulation of the surrogacy agreement in the context of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the legislation of the European Union

Problematic aspects of legal regulation of the surrogacy agreement in the context of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the legislation of the European Union

EVOLUTION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to show in the historical development the formation of the institute of services of general economic interest (SGEI) in the Ukrainian legal tradition under the influence of European integration strategic actions. One of such actions is the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union. SGEI, in the context of another "legal novelty" for Ukraine as state aid as part of competition law, have changed the existing approaches to the distribution of already known subsidies and grants. A set of new rules forced the state authorities to adhere to clear rules, failure to comply with which is fraught with real sanctions. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the institute of SGEI has already found its reflection and practice in the Ukrainian legal system. But at the same time, all norms of legislation on services of general economic interest do not correspond to the practice of the EU, and legislative changes are necessary to launch reforms in this area.

Legal regulation of the taxation regime of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine

The paper highlights the legal basis for the activities of agricultural enterprises in line with changes in tax legislation. It is pointed out that the dynamics of legal norms results in the imperfection of the legal regulation of taxation of agricultural enterprises, while the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union is a necessary condition for our country's accession to the European community. Thus, as a result of the administrative reform and decentralization processes in Ukraine, communities function as the main foundations of the activities of collectives of settlements, Starostyn districts. We have established that an agricultural enterprise in modern communities is an enterprise whose main activity is the supply of agricultural goods (services) produced (provided) by it on its own or leased fixed assets, as well as on toll terms, in which the share of agricultural goods/services is not less than 75 percent of the value of all goods/services delivered during the previous 12 consecutive reporting tax periods combined. In the case of creation of a new agricultural enterprise, which operates for at least 12 months, the specified share is determined for each individual reporting tax period. In addition, this does not include taxable transactions for the supply of fixed assets that were part of its fixed assets for at least 12 consecutive reporting tax periods in total, if such transactions were not permanent and did not constitute a separate business activity. Such enterprises have the right to choose a general or simplified system of taxation. Prospective directions of further improvement of the national legislation are offered taking into account necessity of understanding of features of realization of agricultural activity, a disparity of the prices for production and means of its manufacture, dependence on natural and climatic conditions, profitability of separate branches of agriculture, prevention of discrimination between agricultural commodity producers for the taxation of small agricultural producers.

Сonsolidation of somatic rights in international regulations

The issue is topical in the context of actively expanding the list of human rights, including within the national dimension, because human rights as a dual category are subject to transformation due to the following factors: European integration processes, creating the need for integration and harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European Union law; globalization processes, as Ukraine is a member of the world community and modern economic, environmental, legal, etc. phenomena have a direct impact on national state processes, and on the legal reality, and on the rights and freedoms of the individual.
 It is determined that the recognition of new human rights, the expansion of the existing list - one of the trends in the development of the legal status of the individual. And when regulating relations in the field of somatic claims through the category of human rights, it should be borne in mind that somatic human rights should be characterized by what characterizes the category of human rights in general. It is pointed out that in human history no "new right" has really been recognized without a struggle and without overcoming the fierce opposition of some "old rights".
 It is proved that the legal regulation of the possibility of exercising somatic rights in the international arena (primarily within the European Union) has significantly improved. Basically, we are talking about the existing basic (basic) regulations in the field we study. Thus, among the most important of them, we should first focus on such as, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997, the EU Council Recommendation of June 29, 1998 "On the suitability of blood and plasma donors and donor blood screening. in the European Community" (98/463 / EC), Directive 2004/23 / EC of 31 March 2004 on the establishment of quality and safety standards for the donation, purchase, testing, treatment, preservation, storage and distribution of human tissues and cells". That is, we believe that the Council of Europe and the European Union, as regional international organizations, have established common normative criteria for the possibility of implementing and protecting somatic human rights in general and in the field of biomedical research in particular.

ADAPTATION OF UKRAINIAN CORPORATE LEGISLATION TO EUROPEAN STANDARDS

Defining the European vector of development of Ukraine in the model of international cooperation as a priority involves the use of European standards in the field of law. This is impossible without careful adaptation work to bring the domestic legal system in line with the system that exists in the countries of the European Union. Recent changes in legislation have been long-awaited and have been a breakthrough in the corporate and financial sectors. The authors aim to carry out a comprehensive analysis of Ukrainian corporate law by comparing the political governance of Eastern Europe, economic and political aspects of the current situation, problems of corporate governance and ways to solve them, and the current stages of adaptation of corporate law in its transformation to the EU’s norms. In February 2018, the European Commission proposed to consider 2025 a possible date for the accession of Serbia and Montenegro, which means recognizing these countries as the first league in the Balkans, even in case the EU Council does not approve this date. The second league was set by the Council in June 2018, when 2019 was marked as a possible conditional date for the opening of accession negotiations with Albania and Macedonia. While the third league is for the accession of Bosnia and Kosovo, for which no date has been set. Negotiations with Turkey have been suspended. For comparison, if we take into account both political and economic indicators, Ukraine is approximately equal to the Balkan states of the second league. The prospect of EU membership has been recognized as the strongest external factor in domestic political change in the countries surrounding the EU. In accordance with the requirements of the Association Agreement with the EU on corporate law (EU Directives No. 2001/34/EC, No. 2003/71/EC, No. 2004/109/EC, No. 2007/14/EC, No. 2007/36/EC, No. 2012/30/ ЕС, No. 2013/34/ЕС, Recommendations of the European Commission No. 2005/162/ЕС and No. 2004/913/ЕС) the Law of Ukraine No. 2210-VIII, the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies” dated February 06, 2018 No. 2275-VIII, amendments to the Laws of Ukraine №514-VI, “On Securities and Stock Market”, “On Business Associations”, the Economic Code of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and other laws were made and came into force on July 1, 2021 in the Law of Ukraine No. 738-IX. European integration transformation of Ukrainian legislation in the context of protection of shareholders’ rights was manifested through the implementation of Directive 2004/25/EC in the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Simplification of Doing Business and Attracting Investments by Issuers of Securities” dated March 23, 2017 No. 1983-VIII and the Law of Ukraine No. 514-VI. Ukraine’s economy has not yet recovered from the negative effects of the global financial crisis of 2008, the political coup, the national crisis of 2015, the current crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation shows declining dynamics, and changes in Ukrainian legislation are offset, not showing real effect. The harmonization of Ukrainian legislation is complicated by the unwillingness of Ukraine’s business environment to comply with EU rules. Analyzing the activities of the JSC, the dynamics of the securities market, stock market and the transformation of Ukrainian legislation, the initiatives of certain branches of government, we can say that Ukraine is moving in the right direction but not fast enough and forms a country with a real market economy. Therefore, we can conclude that the adaptation of Ukrainian corporate law to EU legislation should be carried out not only in relation to existing EU directives but in accordance with general trends and prospects for the development of European corporate law.

Організаційно-правові механізми державного управління забезпеченням кібербезпеки та кіберзахисту України: сутність, стан та перспективи розвитку

This article is devoted to the organizational and legal mechanisms of the cyber security public administration and cyber security in Ukraine, the definitions of essence, the role in the system of strategic planning and management of the security and defense sector are given. Some aspects of cyber security in Ukraine have been evaluated. In addition, recommendations of improving the cyber security system in Ukraine are proposed, such as, proposals were made to eliminate the existing gaps in the main legal acts regulating the sphere of ensuring national, information and cyber security of Ukraine, including through the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with international legal acts in this field. Problems in programming 2020; 2-3: 278-286

ВИЗНАЧАЛЬНА РОЛЬ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО ПІДПИСУ ЯК ЦИВІЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ОСОБИ В УМОВАХ КАРАНТИНУ

Стаття присвячена аналізу чинного законодавства України щодо ідентифікації особи, зокрема електронного підпису, яка в умовах карантину набуває особливо вагомого значення. Введений постановою Кабінету Міністрів України від 11 березня 2020 р. карантин передбачає ряд обмежень та правил, які мають на меті запобігти поширенню захворювання. Досить велика група людей підлягає самоізоляції, однак все одно є учасниками цивільних відносин. Виходом з ситуації є більш активне використання можливостей інформаційних технологій, зокрема при вчиненні правочинів, отриманні адміністративних послуг, участі у судових засіданнях тощо. Із запровадженням карантину і обмежувальних заходів, що його супроводжують, спостерігається ситуація, коли традиційні, зокрема цивільно-правові, дії переходять за допомогою запровадження інформаційних технологій в електронну площину. Особливої актуальності набуває процес ідентифікації особи, в тому числі застосування електронного підпису як найбільш надійного засобу ідентифікації, і саме цим питання присвячена стаття.
 Окрема увага приділена аналізу ситуації, яка спричинена введенням карантину, щодо розгляду судових справ в умовах обмежувальних (заборони) заходів, що мало наслідком ухвалення спеціального закону, згідно з яким на час дії карантину учасники цивільних, господарських, адміністративних справ можуть брати участь у судовому засіданні в режимі відеоконференції поза межами приміщення суду з використанням власних технічних засобів. Проаналізовано «перше в історії» судове засідання, яке було проведено в режимі відеоконференції.
 Приділена увага аналізу статистичних даних щодо формування та застосування електронних підписів, гармонізації українського законодавства із законодавством Європейського Союзу в даному питанні. Розглядаються питання використання електронного підпису, окрема увага приділяється характеристиці його видів, ступенів захисту та сфер використання кожного з видів таких підписів.
 Зроблено висновок про те, що в українському правовому полі досить швидко з'являються електронні ідентифікатори, що пов'язано з розвитком інформаційних технологій, активною участю держави в цьому процесі.

LEGAL NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The main components of the legal nature of environmental impact assessment are considered as management functions in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and ensuring environmental safety due to the fact that the reasons for the current unsatisfactory state in the industry of natural resource use, environmental protection are ambiguous. It was determined that the legal regulation of environmental impact assessment should be considered an important step towards the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU legislation in the field of environmental impact assessment. The procedural and rocedural aspects of environmental impact assessment are determined and reviewed, which are determined by a number of legislative and subordinate legal acts. It has been established that environmental impact assessment should be carried out in compliance with certain principles based on the provisions of current legislation on nature protection. The principle of the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment is analyzed through the prism of prohibiting or terminating the activity of an enterprise in case of violation of the legislation on environmental impact assessment. Attention is drawn to the legal requirements of the principle of reliability of information in relation to environmental impact assessment. The compulsory provision of the principle of publicity in the process of impact on the environment, aimed at timely, adequate and effective informing of citizens, has been established. It is proved that the publicity and reliability of environmental information on environmental impact assessment act as two interrelated legal categories. It has been determined that the legal nature of the environmental impact assessment is based on the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine and is aimed at observing law and order in the field of environmental protection.

Проблеми правового регулювання спрощеної реєстрації ветеринарних препаратів в Україні

Статтю присвячено дослідженню особливостей правового регулювання спрощеної реєстрації ветеринарних препаратів у світлі гармонізації законодавства України із законодавством ЄС. Відзначено, що у зв’язку зі складністю підготовки повного реєстраційного досьє в законодавстві багатьох країн, в тому числі країн Євросоюзу передбачено низку можливостей для спрощеної реєстрації ветеринарних препаратів шляхом подачі скороченого переліку матеріалів реєстраційного досьє.
 Здійснено аналіз відповідного законодавства ЄС, зокрема положень Директиви 2001/82 щодо спрощеної реєстрації ветеринарних препаратів. Визначено, що в праві ЄС передбачено можливість подачі неповного досьє у випадках реєстрації генеричних чи гібридних ветеринарних препаратів, ветеринарних препаратів з добре вивченим ветеринарним застосуванням, ветеринарних препаратів з фіксованою комбінацією, ветеринарних препаратів, що реєструються за інформованою згодою. Доведено, що на сьогодні правове регулювання такої реєстрації в Україні потребує вдосконалення.

FEATURES OF REGULATORY IDENTIFICATION OF FINANCIAL COMPANIES AS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

In recent years,Ukrainehas witnessed a rapid increase in the number and intensification of financial companies' activities in the financial services market, which is increasing the attention to this type of financial intermediaries. The generalization of historical experience suggests that financial companies in various forms began to operate in foreign countries from the 1960s, but they have become the most widespread in theUnited States. On the basis of the Federal Reserve System data processing for the period of 2005 - 2017, results were obtained that characterize the peculiarities of the activities of financial companies in such segments of the financial services market as consumer lending, car loans, auto leasing. The main criteria for identifying financial companies in theUnited Statesare requirements for the structure of assets, which provides a clearer definition of the use of regulatory measures and restricts the competition between financial intermediaries.The study concluded that in Ukraine the criteria for identifying financial companies need to be clarified in terms of specifying regulatory requirements, limiting the risks associated with financial assets in the provision of financial services, as well as preventing possible loss of capital and timely fulfillment obligations to customers. The cooperation of financial companies with banks and other non-bank financial intermediaries, such as lenders and credit brokers, working in the consumer lending service segment needs regulatory clearance. The emphasis is placed on the need for harmonization of Ukrainian legislation in accordance with international practice in order to stimulate the further development of the financial intermediary institution in Ukraine.

ПРОБЛЕМИ АДАПТАЦІЇ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА УКРАЇНИ ДО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

This scientific article is devoted to the existing problems of adapting the legislation of Ukraine to the legislation of the European Union, which significantly slow down this process, and, accordingly, become one of the obstacles on the way of Ukraine's inclusion in such an integration interstate association as the European Union. The paper examines the legal grounds that led to the implementation of the provisions of European legislation and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (on the strategic course of the state towards gaining full membership of Ukraine in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)" dated 07.02.2019. The article also analyzes the key elements of successful adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU legislation. The work reveals the essence of the concept of "adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine and the EU", regarding which there is no uniform approach to its definition in the jurisprudence of Ukraine and, as a result, there is a discussion between specialists in this area of jurisprudence at the doctrinal level. The content of the concept "acquis communautaire (acquis)" is analyzed by indicating the features of this legal system of the European Union, which significantly complicate the process of adapting legislation. The article highlights the main problems that require urgent solutions for the successful course of the process of approximation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU legal system. The emphasis is made on the fact that the adoption of Ukrainian legislation in accordance with EU law does not mean the proper functioning of the legal mechanisms of the state, since it is also necessary to adapt existing regulatory legal acts. This article proposes the implementation of specific types of reforms, without the introduction of which the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union will be impossible. The essence and main directions of reforming, which provide for the elimination of the origins of the problems of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the legal system of the European Union, have been determined.

ВПЛИВ УГОДИ ПРО АСОЦІАЦІЮ З ЄС НА РОЗВИТОК ХАРЧОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article notes that after signing the Association Agreement and launching free trade area between Ukraine and the EU, a new stage in the development of Ukrainian food law has begun. It is characterized by the increased impact of European Union law on the legal regulation of this sphere. The provisions of Chapter 4 “Sanitary and phytosanitary measures” of the basic for the FTA Ukraine-EU Title IV of the Association Agreement ”Trade and Trade-related Matters”, which serve as a legal basis for harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU food legislation were analyzed. The ways of Ukrainian food law development are proved to be determined by the Strategy for the implementation of Chapter IV, Section 4 of the Association Agreement. The measures envisaged by the Strategy covering almost all areas of public health, animal health and phytosanitary regulations have been analyzed. The European food and phytosanitary law is found out to cover the territory of Ukraine as a result of the implementation of measures provided for in the Association Agreement and the above Strategy. It was emphasized that the scale of the obligations undertaken by Ukraine to harmonize the food legislation requires prompt and qualified organizational work by the Ukrainian competent authorities.

Апроксимація правової охорони промислових зразків в Україні до законодавства країн Європейського Союзу

У статті розглядаються важливі проблеми, які виникають при апроксимації правової охорони промислових зразків до законодавства країн Європейського Союзу: насамперед, на яке законодавство орієнтуватися – всієї спільноти чи окремих країн. Щодо адаптації законодавства України у сфері інтелектуальної власності, то визнано, що її рівень є середнім. За кожним з напрямів цієї сфери існує низка положень, що не враховані в законодавстві України. Це стосується й законодавства про промислові зразки. Серед основних напрямів адаптації законодавства у сфері інтелектуальної власності щодо промислових зразків у статті наголошено, що саме потребує змін та уточнень.