Harmonization Of Taxation Research Articles

60 Years of Harmonization Initiatives on Corporate Taxation

In this article, the author outlines the trajectory of corporate taxation harmonization initiatives over the past 60 years, from the 1962 Neumark Report to the May 2021 Commission Communication on Business Taxation. She concludes that the key to further harmonization is the Commission’s ability to seize on political momentum resulting from international events, rather than producing comprehensive reports in the area of direct taxation or watering down the unanimity requirement.

CUSTOMS VALUE CALCULATION PROBLEMS AMID FOREIGN TRADE ACCOUNTING, TAXATION HARMONIZATION AND USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The article is dedicated to the research of customs value calculation problems amid foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization current state. Comparative analysis of customs value and historical costs was made. Main differences, characterizing each of the categories for its characteristics, were revealed. Measures to help improve the process of customs value calculation were offered. Ways to improve current legislation to further foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization were defined. We suggested to use innovative technologies for solving problem. Keywords: foreign trade, customs value, customs control, customs duties, historical costs, value added tax

Политика гармонизации акцизов в ЕС и ЕАЭС

Objective: to develop recommendations for improving the EAEU policy in the field of excise duties harmonization based on comparative characteristics of the types of harmonization policies applied in the EU and the EAEU.Methods: general methods of cognition (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, description and generalization) and specific scientific methods of cognition (comparison method, tabular and graphical method of data representation) were used. Results: the actively developing processes of globalization, international integration and digitalization cause the need to update and adapt national tax systems. At the same time, the global practice and theory of taxation demonstrate the absence of a unified approach to the harmonization of taxation, especially with regard to indirect taxation. In order to assess the mechanisms of tax harmonization, specific features of the policy of harmonization of excise taxes applied in the EU and the EAEU are considered, which, in particular, include the issues of harmonization of objects of taxation (excisable goods), tax base, tax rates and the mechanism of tax procedures. The effects and risks of the non-restrictive policy of the European Union and the restrictive excise policy of the EAEU are analyzed. The assessment of the actual results of harmonization in the integration associations under consideration allowed determining the priority areas of harmonization in the Eurasian space by using mixed-type policies.Scientific novelty: it consists in the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a coherent excise policy within the Eurasian Economic Union, based on the advantages and disadvantages of two types of harmonization policies (restrictive and non-restrictive) and taking into account the existing practical experience of their implementation. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering issues of excise taxation, as well as in determining the priority directions of the tax system development of the Russian Federation.

The Problems of Harmonization of Taxation and Income in the European Union, Their Evaluation from the Position of Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union

The Problems of Harmonization of Taxation and Income in the European Union, Their Evaluation from the Position of Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union

BASIC CONCEPTS OF TAX SECURITY AS PART OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the paper is to examine the essence of the term «tax security», its fundamental characteristics, such as threats, risks, interests and protection, defined how the state could provide them. The paper analyses economic, social and legal nature of the term. Key indicators of of Ukraine identified and analyzed. In addition, the paper studies an integrated approach of threats. In case of a big amount of threats, they divided to four main sources of threats: the state of the national economy, the state of the public finances, social features of the society and institutional environment. For each source, there have been identified and analyzed the most important factors of threats of of Ukraine. Methodology. The survey based on an analysis of existing studies of Ukrainian and foreign scientists about the essence and nature of tax security for the last 10 years. In addition, to determine the essence and the concept, goals and objectives, methods and principles of the economic nature of the security, main risks, threats, expectations and results of efficient identified. To build an integrated approach it is necessary to analyse all existing and potential factors of threats. There data used from reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, PWC and World Bank. Results of the survey showed that is such a condition of security, when the process of harmonization of taxation provided under effective management of risks and threats that arise in area, by taking the necessary measures by the executive bodies to meet the interests of the state, society and taxpayers (business entities, organizations, people). Integrated approach of threats analysis of shows that the most dangerous threats are those that are associated with poor economic development, considerable socio-economic stratification of the population, the level of shadow economy and low culture. The threat of the state of public finances is sufficiently large threat, but not the most dangerous, but the increase in the budget deficit and debt can affect significantly negatively on the of Ukraine. The institutional environment is another threat to the security. Its main danger are the low efficiency of the authorities and uncertainty and ambiguity of legislation. Practical implications. In order to prevent a drop in it is necessary to conduct continuous monitoring aforementioned factors on the sources of threats. All mentioned sources of threats would help the state authorities to build an effective Concept of Tax Security of Ukraine.

К ВОПРОСУ О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯХ ГАРМОНИЗАЦИИ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРИБЫЛИ И ДОХОДОВ В ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ СОЮЗЕ

К ВОПРОСУ О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯХ ГАРМОНИЗАЦИИ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРИБЫЛИ И ДОХОДОВ В ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ СОЮЗЕ

Fiscal Competitiveness Versus Harmful Tax Competition in the European Union

One of the consequences of globalization is the increased openness of economies and the interdependence of States. We have to consider that each national tax system is now unavoidably conditioned by the rest of tax sovereignties, especially when another State offers tax benefits in order to attract the location of mobile factors into its territory. In this context, Tax competition between States is inevitable. The existence of a harmful tax competition and a fair competition is acknowledged; however, the border between both is not easily identifiable.In this article we analyze the evolution on direct taxation harmonization within the EU framework, as we consider that the harmful tax competition is a consequence of the lack of harmonization. We also mention the notion of harmful tax competition vs. fair competition, and the measures that can be adopted to tackle the consequences of a harmful tax competition. We suggest as a possible solution the adoption of a legally binding Directive. Furthermore, we analyze different regimes (holding company regime, financial services to third parties and Intra group financing activities within the EU) considered as harmful by the EU Code of Conduct and the amendments introduced to these regimes in a way that the States that offer this regime could meet the EU regulation without losing their tax competitiveness. We will conclude with a recommendation regarding the future of European integration, as we argue for a better tax coordination between Member States and the EU Institutions.

Fiscal Competitiveness versus Harmful Tax Competition in the European Union

This article analyses the evolution of direct taxation harmonization and harmful tax competition, the latter being a consequence of a lack of harmonization, in the European Union. In this context, it refers to the concept of harmful versus fair tax competition and measures that could be adopted to counter the former.

The interrelationship between corporate income tax and corporate social responsibility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the interrelationship between corporate income tax (CIT) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the international framework of the European Union (EU).Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework of the paper is based on taxation and social responsibility theories that evaluate the impact of economic, financial and social decisions taken by firms, in the area of accounting and tax harmonization in general, and of corporate income tax, in particular.FindingsThrough the connection of CIT and CSR frameworks, the paper urges for more accountability and shows that, as each EU Member State improves accounting and taxation harmonization, the result is more comparability of economic and financial information presented by the firm.Practical implicationsThe paper attempts to provide an understanding of the adoption of the social responsibility posture of firms as a key factor that negatively and positively influences the tax regime of each EU Member State. In a social responsibility, accounting and taxation transnational framework, the increasing of a firm's activity and changes in its environment require new attitudes of sustainable development.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to discuss the interrelationship between CIT and CSR within the international framework of the EU. Corporate income tax can be seen as the mechanism by which governments encourage active civic duty, corporate sponsorship and CSR practices.

ADAPTATION OF THE TAXATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF EUROPEAN UNION

In the research the problematic aspects of the national taxation system functioning are considered. The recommendations for the national taxation harmonization are given.

Tax and accounting rules: some recent developments

Highlights a number of developments in Europe that have been important in the evolution of the relationship between the rules for computing profits for tax and accounting purposes. This will assist users in their understanding of European financial reports and will highlight areas where particular caution is required when analysing financial statements over an extended period. Recent changes in the UK are put forward as an alternative to breaking the tax link, and a possible avenue for promoting the harmonization of taxation as well as financial reporting.

Tax Competition through Tax Evasion / Steuerwettbewerb über Steuerhinterziehung

Summary In the present paper, I analyse the competitive behaviour of benevolent governments in the presence of (capital) income tax evasion when information exchange is not possible. My approach is to introduce a cost of evasion function into an otherwise standard tax competition model and to explore three variants of the basic tax competition cum evasion game. Two distinct justifications for tax harmonisation emerge. First, harmonisation of taxation at the source can be supported with the usual spill-over argument that is at the core of the tax competition literature. This kind of argument does not apply to the harmonisation of residence-based taxes, however. Second, in a strategic situation where a tax haven facilitates tax evasion by citizens of the rest of the world, countries may find it to their advantage to coordinate their residence-based tax policies as well.

The impact of government on company cash flows in France and the United Kingdom

More attention has generally been paid to accounting harmonization within the European Union than harmonization of taxation, yet different tax regimes can have a considerable impact upon company profitability. This study compares the costs to companies in the United Kingdom and France of various forms of taxation. The paper sets out the relationships between accounting rules and taxation in the two countries, and analyzes the different contributions made to local and national government as well as the timing of the cash flows to government related to taxation and similar charges. The impact of taxation and cash flows is measured in relation to two artificial company models, one with a relatively high rate of manual labour and the other with a relatively high investment in capital equipment. The results show that the rate and type of tax charges are quite different between the two countries as well as the timing of cash flows. The different tax environments implies that the cost structure of the companies is different and also impacts upon what is formally disclosed as taxation in published financial statements.

Harmonizing heavy goods vehicle taxes in Europe: a British view

One of the biggest unresolved problems regarding the completion of the free internal transport market within the European community is the problem of harmonization of taxation on the road haulage industry. As the highest tax country, Britain might be expected to have to reduce its level of taxes as part of any harmonization. This paper considers the current methodology of the British Department of Transport regarding the allocation of the track and external costs of road transport, in the light of developments in methodology and experience elsewhere in Western Europe and North America. We find a number of reasons for believing that, far from overstating the marginal social cost of use of roads by the road haulage industry, the current British approach actually understates it. Thus any move towards harmonizing tax levels may reduce taxes in Britain at a time when they should be increasing. (A)

European Parliament: Harmonization of Taxation in the Community II

European Parliament: Harmonization of Taxation in the Community II

European Parliament: Harmonization of Taxation in the Community I

European Parliament: Harmonization of Taxation in the Community I

Harmonization of Taxation in Europe

Harmonization of Taxation in Europe