Harmonic Radiation Patterns Research Articles

Vertical Second Harmonic Generation in Asymmetric Dielectric Nanoantennas

High-permittivity III-V semiconductor nanocavities have shown huge potential for enhanced nonlinear light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. In particular, Second Harmonic (SH) generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas can be extremely efficient; however, vertical emission is difficult to achieve, due to the zincblende χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2)</sup> tensor and epitaxially growth on (100) substrates. Here, we demonstrate that we can shape the second harmonic radiation pattern from a single AlGaAs nanostructure by exploiting a geometrical symmetry breaking optimization approach. The optimized design allows to redirect the SH signal toward the normal direction and to increase the SH power collection efficiency by 2 orders of magnitude in a small numerical aperture of 0.1 with respect to the symmetrical counterpart structure.

Second-harmonic generation in dielectric nanoparticles with different symmetries

In this work, we study second-harmonic generation a monocrystalline nanoparticle with a non-centrosymmetric crystalline lattice. It was shown that breaking the symmetry of the nanoparticle's shape can significantly affect the second harmonic radiation pattern. We propose a method for explaining and predicting the generated field for arbitrary nanoparticles and provide selection rules for nanoparticles with several different symmetries.

Enhanced Time-Modulated Arrays for Harmonic Beamforming

One of the primary features of time-modulated arrays (TMAs) is their ability to adapt their harmonic patterns to exploit the angular diversity of multipath wireless channels. In such a case, the TMA excitations must provide an adequate level of harmonic windowing in order to safeguard both the antenna efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio at reception. In this work, we propose to time-modulate the array excitations with periodic sum-of-weighted-cosine (SWC) pulses rather than with the periodic rectangular pulses corresponding to the on–off switches of conventional TMAs. We show that how the larger flexibility of the SWC pulses allows for a more versatile design of the TMA harmonic radiation patterns without penalizing the array gain for each exploited harmonic.

3D Pattern Synthesis of Time-Modulated Conformal Arrays with a Multiobjective Optimization Approach

This paper addresses the synthesis of the three-dimensional (3D) radiation patterns of the time-modulated conformal arrays. Due to the nature of periodic time modulation, harmonic radiation patterns are generated at the multiples of the modulation frequency in time-modulated arrays. Thus, the optimization goal of the time-modulated conformal array includes the optimization of the sidelobe level at the operating frequency and the sideband levels (SBLs) at the harmonic frequency, and the design can be regarded as a multiobjective problem. The multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is applied to optimize the switch-on instants and pulse durations of the time-modulated conformal array. To significantly reduce the optimization variables, the modified Bernstein polynomial is employed in the synthesis process. Furthermore, dual polarized patch antenna is designed as radiator to achieve low cross-polarization level during the beam scanning. A 12 × 13 (156)-element conical conformal microstrip array is simulated to demonstrate the proposed synthesis mechanism, and good results reveal the promising ability of the proposed algorithm in solving the synthesis of the time-modulated conformal arrays problem.