Harmful Environmental Factors Research Articles

Evaluation of Melatonin and its Nanostructures Effects on Skin Disorders Focused on Wound Healing.

Skin is the largest organ of the human body functioning as a great primitive defensive barrier against different harmful environmental factors. However, it is damaged through varying injuries such as different wounds, burns, and skin cancers that cause disruption in internal organs and essential mechanisms of the body through inflammation, oxidation, coagulation problems, infection, etc. Melatonin is the major hormone of the pineal gland that is also effective in skin disorders due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features with additional desirable antiapoptotic, anti-cancer, and antibiotic properties. However, melatonin characteristics require improvements due to its limited water solubility, halflife and stability. The application of nanocarrier systems can improve its solubility, permeability, and efficiency, as well as inhibit its degradation and promote photostability. Our main purpose in the current review is to explore the possible role of melatonin and melatonin-containing nanocarriers in skin disorders focused on wounds. Additionally, melatonin's effect in regenerative medicine and its structures as a wound dressing in skin damage has been considered.

The functional state of the body in workers engaged in mining in the Arctic zone

Introduction. The functional state and adaptive potential in workers employed at mining enterprises in the Arctic territories are influenced both harmful environmental factors and specific climatic conditions, age and work experience in contact with harmful working conditions. Assessing the impact of work experience on the health in employees to reduce occupational risks and prospects for preserving and strengthening the health of workers at mining enterprises remains an extremely relevant and timely task. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of workers was based on a mining and processing plant for the extraction of loparite ore in the Murmansk region. Two hundred one male employee participated in the study. Cardiohemodynamic and somatometric indices were evaluated, on the basis of which integrative indices for assessing functional changes were calculated. The subjects were ranked into groups by work time and age. Results. The analysis of somatometric indicеs, depending on work experience, revealed significant intergroup differences in body mass index, index of physical changes, blood pressure and heart rate. The analysis of heart rate variability showed that with an increase in work experience, there is a unidirectional, negative change in time indices and the wave structure of the heart rhythm towards suppressing the activity of the autonomous regulation circuit with an increased contribution of sympathetic influences on the heart rate. Limitations. Difficult access to medical information and employees’ fears of participating in the study due to fear of dismissal for health reasons. Conclusion. With an increase in work experience, negative changes in the functional state of the body of mining workers in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are comprehensively manifested (overweight, an increase in the index of functional changes, an increase in blood pressure). The increased influence of sympathetic influences on the heart rhythm, with the suppression of self-regulation processes, is reflected in the tension of regulatory mechanisms leading to a decrease in adaptive potential and the development of a premorbid state.

Resistance of zebu cattle (Bos indicus) to colonization by major ruminant hoof pathogens

Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) is reported to be more resistant towards harmful environmental factors than taurine cattle (Bos taurus). A few hundred zebu cattle are kept in Switzerland and in contrast to the Swiss indigenous breeds, infectious hoof disease in zebu is not observed. Therefore, we compared the prevalence of three ruminant hoof pathogens in zebu and taurine cattle. These included Treponema spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus which are associated with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), different bovine hoof diseases and ovine footrot, respectively. Interdigital swabs and punch biopsies from hind feet of slaughter animals were tested for the three pathogens by PCR. Sixty zebu from eight farms were compared to a convenience sample of 20 taurine cattle from 17 farms. Treponema spp. associated with BDD were not detected in zebu while 23 % of animals and 50 % of farms were positive for benign D. nodosus, with results indicating environmental contamination rather than colonization. Taurine cattle showed 35 % of animals and 41 % of farms positive for T. phagedenis while 90 % of animals and 94 % of farms were colonized by D. nodosus as indicated by a 500-fold higher bacterial load than in zebu. The difference in prevalence of the two pathogens between zebu and taurine cattle was highly significant. F. necrophorum was as well only detected in taurine cattle with values of 15 % of animals and 17.7 % of farms, being significantly different at the animal level. Furthermore, genetic analysis of Swiss zebu indicates high genomic diversity and clear separation from taurine cattle. This is the first evidence that zebu show resistance towards colonization by bacterial hoof pathogens in contrast to taurine cattle.

STUDY OF POLYPHENOLS CONTENT IN EXTRUDED MIX

Vegetable foods are rich not only in vitamins, fiber, healthy fats, but also contain another class of useful substances - polyphenols. Once in the human body, the polyphenols have a positive effect on all organs and life processes. These compounds have antioxidant activity, protecting our body from harmful environmental factors. The study presents data on the polyphenols content in extruded grain products with the addition of byproducts. The highest content of polyphenols is observed in extruded mix based on grains and 20 % grape pomace powder. Utilization of by-products improves the ecology of the country, and also allows the use of non-waste production.

Environmental sensitivity in the 27 National Roma Integration Strategies of the European Union member states

ABSTRACT The Roma people, particularly in Central and Eastern European countries, often live ethnically segregated in inadequate housing or without access to basic services (water, sewage system, electricity). Exposure to these harmful environmental factors jeopardizes their health and hinders their social integration. This study delves into the sensitivity of the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) (2012–2020) regarding the environmental factors that affect the Roma population. Previous studies have explored gender or identity in the strategies, but few have analysed environmental sensitivity. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) reports, we consider the following environmental factors: housing, access to basic services, urban environment, working environment and injuries at home. The sensitivity of the 27 NRIS to these factors was quantified in all crucial areas (housing, health, education, employment). An inductive analysis of the operational content (measures, actions) was conducted on nine NRIS. The Member States in the southeast of the European Union were more environmentally sensitive than their counterparts in the northwest. The salient environmental factors were housing and basic services. The nine NRIS analysed show two approaches (western/eastern) in addressing the environmental conditions of the Roma population. Finally, although we identified environmental factors in the NRIS, this issue was not systematically addressed.

The Role of Social Deprivation and Cannabis Use in Explaining Variation in the Incidence of Psychotic Disorders: Findings From the EU-GEI Study.

Recent findings suggest the incidence of first-episode psychotic disorders (FEP) varies according to setting-level deprivation and cannabis use, but these factors have not been investigated together. We hypothesized deprivation would be more strongly associated with variation in FEP incidence than the prevalence of daily or high-potency cannabis use between settings. We used incidence data in people aged 18-64 years from 14 settings of the EU-GEI study. We estimated the prevalence of daily and high-potency cannabis use in controls as a proxy for usage in the population at-risk; multiple imputations by chained equations and poststratification weighting handled missing data and control representativeness, respectively. We modeled FEP incidence in random intercepts negative binomial regression models to investigate associations with the prevalence of cannabis use in controls, unemployment, and owner-occupancy in each setting, controlling for population density, age, sex, and migrant/ethnic group. Lower owner-occupancy was independently associated with increased FEP (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95) and non-affective psychosis incidence (aIRR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.83), after multivariable adjustment. Prevalence of daily cannabis use in controls was associated with the incidence of affective psychoses (aIRR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02-2.31). We found no association between FEP incidence and unemployment or high-potency cannabis use prevalence. Sensitivity analyses supported these findings. Lower setting-level owner-occupancy and increased prevalence of daily cannabis use in controls independently contributed to setting-level variance in the incidence of different psychotic disorders. Public health interventions that reduce exposure to these harmful environmental factors could lower the population-level burden of psychotic disorders.

MANAGEMENT OF DADRU KUSHTHA THROUGH AYURVEDA – A CASE REPORT

Skin being the largest and a protective covering of all our internal organs is susceptible to many harmful environmental factors causing different kinds of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. All the skin disease in Ayurveda has been classified into Mahakushtha and Kshudra Kushtha. Dadru is one among them. As per modern perspective “Superficial fungal infection of skin” is the most common dermatological manifestation affecting up to 15% of world‟s population in all age groups. In present time, antifungal treatment is based on systemic and topical medications which may lead to many side effects and relapse too. Fungal infections are more demoralizing to the patients due to their appearance, recurrence, chronicity, and negative psychological impact. Keeping this fact in mind below mentioned study drafted to focuses on Ayurvedic Shamana and Shodhan Chikitsa in Dadru Kushtha. AIM AND OBJECTIVES –To evaluate the effect of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in Dadru Kushtha. MATERIAL AND METHODS- It will be collected from classical Ayurvedic texts as well from previous research works / thesis, Internet sources, research articles and modern sciences text. DISSCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS- On the basis of signs and symptoms we can correlated the Dadru Kushtha to Tinea Cruris. In This case report, a 67 yr old male patient came with complaints of Dadru Kushtha, which is closely similar to the presentation of Tinea Cruris infection. The present case showed significant improvement with Ayurvedic Shodhan, Shaman and Bahiparimarjan (topical) Chikitsa in Dadru.

Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria in pectin and pectin-chitosan matrices for use in confectionery products

Probiotics are live bacteria that benefit the host's health when administered in adequate quantities. However, their use may be limited due to a decrease in cell viability during production, product storage, and subsequent passage through the gastrointestinal tract. This work theoretically substantiates the use of a combined method of microcapsule formation – immobilization of probiotics into a gel and microencapsulation, which will protect microorganisms from the effects of technological and physiological factors, regulate their targeted delivery and controlled release from microcapsules at the site of deployment. Suitable carriers for coating the capsules were selected, which is crucial for ensuring adequate protection of probiotics since their properties determine the effectiveness of protecting microorganisms from harmful environmental factors and the ability to release them in the lower gastrointestinal tract. In the course of the research, microcapsules with pectin and pectin-chitosan matrices containing bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum-1 and lactobacilli Lactobacillus acidophilus Ep-317/402 were developed. The possibilities and feasibility of using the developed microcapsules with different matrices to protect cells from adverse gastrointestinal tract conditions in vitro were substantiated. The results showed that the survival rate of microencapsulated bifidobacteria in the gastric juice medium was 87 % in both matrices, in bile – in pectin 82 %, and pectin-chitosan 92 %. Survival of lactobacilli: in gastric juice – 89 % in the pectin matrix, 93 % in the pectin-chitosan matrix, in bile – 94 and 88 %, respectively. The obtained pectin and pectin-chitosan microcapsules can potentially be used as a means of delivering viable probiotic microorganisms to their location – the human large intestine and can be used in confectionery technology as ingredients to provide.

Invertebrate genetic models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. The exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ALS remain unclear. The current consensus regarding the pathogenesis of ALS suggests that the interaction between genetic susceptibility and harmful environmental factors is a promising cause of ALS onset. The investigation of putative harmful environmental factors has been the subject of several ongoing studies, but the use of transgenic animal models to study ALS has provided valuable information on the onset of ALS. Here, we review the current common invertebrate genetic models used to study the pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of ALS. The considerations of the usage, advantages, disadvantages, costs, and availability of each invertebrate model will also be discussed.

The relationship of polymorphisms of the SOD2, NOS3 and SIRT1 genes with hypertension in employees of the converter workshop of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise

Workers employed in ferrous metallurgy enterprises are affected by various oxidants, which lead to increased formation of free radicals, suppression of the antioxidant system, initiation of oxidative stress and the development of diseases characterized by high blood pressure. In this regard, the identification of polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with the formation and neutralization of free radicals is an important task of personalized medicine.
 The study aims to explore the relationship of polymorphisms rs4880 (SOD2), rs1799983 (NOS3) and rs7069102 (SIRT1) with hypertension in workers of the converter workshop.
 To conduct the research the authors used data from periodic medical examinations of men aged 30 to 59 years, including 116 employees of the converter shop and 169 representatives of administrative and managerial personnel (comparison group). Subsequently, we divided each group according to the principle of the presence or absence of a diagnosis of "hypertensive heart disease" (I11 according to ICD-10), established or confirmed during a periodic medical examination. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the Lumiere kit for the isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood and literal epithelium (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The scientists performed genotyping using the optical PCR system with real-time optical detection QuantStudio 3 (Thermo Fisher, USA) and ready-made commercial sets "SNP-Screen" (Syntol, Russia).
 The ratio of the chances of developing hypertension in the personnel of the converter shop was increased in carriers of mutant genotypes of the SOD2 (TT) gene. Also, the values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in carriers of the mutant TT genotype of the SOD2 gene compared with CC/CT, but only in the group of converter shop workers with hypertension. In addition, in the comparison group with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly differed, the values of which were higher in carriers of the mutant GG genotype of the SIRT1 gene.
 Presumably, an excess of superoxide anion in the TT genotype of the SOD2 gene, together with exposure to harmful environmental factors, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in workers of the converter workshop.
 Ethics. The study was approved in accordance with Protocol No. 1 dated 02/26/2021 and the conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Yekaterinburg Medical Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers" of Rospotrebnadzor.

Modern approaches to studying the molecular mechanisms of lung functioning in normal and pathological conditions

Problems with breathing and lung function are caused by the development of various lung diseases associated with lifestyle, harmful environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the development of the pathological process will allow on time identification of the disease or the development of targeted therapy. The article provides an overview of modern methods that make it possible to most accurately reproduce the structural, functional and mechanical properties of the lung (organ-on-a-chip), to perform non-invasive molecular studies of biomarkers of bronchopulmonary pathology using saliva diagnostics, as well as using DNA and RNA aptamers, verify tumor markers in biological samples of human tissue. Analysis of alterations in the pattern of protein glycosylation using glycodiagnostic methods makes it possible to detect lung cancer in the early stages.

Population prevalence determined by environmental factors as additional burden on the public healthcare and a factor causing economic losses in regions

Introduction. Regions where both ecological and sanitary-hygienic situation is unfavorable tend to have growing incidence and more frequent applications for medical aid by population in Russia and worldwide as well. 
 The purpose of this study was to assess population incidence in different regions in the country associated with poor quality of the environment as a factor creating additional burden on public healthcare institutions in a given region and probable economic losses in it.
 Materials and methods. We applied data of state medical and sanitary-hygienic statistics over 2013–2021. Medical and demographic losses associated with exposure to harmful environmental factors were quantified using step-by-step regression analysis modified by enumeration of functions for independent variables. Economic losses were estimated for diseases and deaths among population involved in producing gross regional product. 
 Results. We were able to obtain more than one hundred authentic models that provided a quantitative association between population prevalence and violations of hygienic standards regulating quality of the environment. We established that between 2.9 and 5.8 million diseases associated with environmental factors were annually detected in the country over the last 10 years. Burden on regional healthcare systems grew in regions with obviously high levels of pollution in ambient air and drinking water; this gain grows up to 12.55%. In 2021, losses of gross regional products due to diseases and deaths caused by violations of hygienic standards regulating quality of the environment exceeded 170.6 billion rubles. 
 Limitations of the study. A set of factors included into modeling can be considered a certain limitation of the present study. 
 Conclusion. It seems quite relevant to coordinate efforts by different ministries and departments in the sphere of public health protection in Russia. It is also advisable to consider a peculiar sanitary-hygienic situation in a given region when calculating scopes of necessary funding for a regional healthcare system. Development of public-private partnerships seems another vital trend in health protection within efforts aimed at reducing impacts on the environment and implementing medical and prevention programs for population.

Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome and Its Related Factors in Medical Staff in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Data on the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) and its components in medical staff working at the Semnan University of Medical Sciences are limited. Objectives: The present study investigated the prevalence of SBS and its related factors in the medical staff in Semnan, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 300 medical staff in Kausar Hospital in Semnan, Iran, in 2020. A standard questionnaire was used to obtain information about SBS and indoor air quality. In order to measure environmental factors, random sampling was taken from different parts of the hospital, including building inspection, dust samples, and indoor and outdoor air measurements. The condition of physical factors, including temperature, humidity, and ventilation, was checked using relevant devices. The NIOSH 0800 method was used to measure the biological status of the working spaces in terms of fungal and bacterial contamination. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 26. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.23 ± 5.34 years, of whom 81% were women. The prevalence of SBS was 65%, with the highest prevalence in the emergency ward (18%), followed by internal (16%), intensive care unit (13%), and cardiac care unit (12%). Sleep disorder (65%), tiredness (59%), feeling heavy (47%), headache (46%) and stress (45%) were the most common components of the SBS. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of harmful environmental factors, including noise, static electricity, unpleasant smell, and infection, and the prevalence of SBS (all P-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of SBS in hospital employees, re-engineering the hospital environment and improving the air quality and ventilation systems may be useful in preventing SBS.

Characterization of radiation risk associated with computed tomography for the Russian patients using disability-adjusted life years measure

adiation risks assessment in medical exposure of patients is one of the mandatory steps in justifying the medical radiological examinations. The main objectives of such assessment are the need for benefit-harm analysis, when prescribing a study, and informing patients or their legal representatives about the radiation risk associated with the recommended examination. The traditional approach to radiation risk assessment is the use of measures based on lifetime morbidity and/or mortality due to radiation exposure in risk characterization. However, the development of the methodology of population health assessment and the need to harmonize the methodology of radiation risk assessment with risks from exposure to factors of other nature imply the use of more informative generalized health indicators in the assessment of exposure to harmful environmental factors. The aim of actual work was to apply the developed methodology of radiation detriment assessment to characterize the risk by calculating DALY (number of years of healthy full life lost due to exposure to ionizing radiation) values for different sex and age groups of Russian patients undergoing computed tomography. To achieve this goal, the previously developed method of estimating the number of years of healthy life lost due to exposure to ionizing radiation was used. Calculations were performed with the use of a specially developed computer program based on the models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection using medical and demographic data of Russian population. The article presents the results of DALY calculation for six types of computed tomographic examinations. The use of DALY to characterize risk instead of the most widely used value of radiation detriment (or lifetime risk of death, relating the harm from the reduction in the quality of life in the case of non-fatal oncological disease) is an attempt to harmonize the methodology of radiation risk assessment with the methodologies of other kind of health risks. One of the directions of calculation results usage is the development of sexand age-dependent risk coefficients associated with medical exposure of patients. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the age distribution of risks agrees well with the data presented in the methodological recommendations MR 2.6.1.0215-20 “Assessment of radiation risk to patients in radiology examinations”. It is also shown that the DALY indicator can serve as a basis for comparative assessment of obtainable and avoidable risks in the field of medical radiation exposure of patients.

Psychological Rehabilitation of Combatants with Mental Disorders and Mental Trauma

The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of Psychologicallysomatic stress, to describe types of military stress, to show the principles of use the method of Positive Psychotherapy for psychological rehabilitation of combatants with mental disorders. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. We also used the method of Positive Psychotherapy. The results of the research. According to combatants we distinguish the following types of stress: Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress. It is determined by a constant (or prolonged) serious load on a person and causes increased neuropsychological and physiological tension of the body. Acute situational stress is caused by a certain event or phenomenon, as a result of which a person loses his/her mental balance. Constant physiological stress is associated with physical overloads of the body and the influence of various harmful environmental factors on it (uncomfortable temperature, high noise level, etc.). Psychological stress is a consequence of: violation of the psychological stability of the person (for example, affected self-esteem, negative reasons of war, etc.); psychological overload of the person (increased responsibility, large amount of war destroyed activity, etc.). The subtype of Psychological stress is the Emotional stress, that occurs when there is a threat, danger or fear. Informative stress is determined by information overload or information vacuum. Conclusions. The solution of the problem by using the method of Positive Psychotherapy has to be in such a way, that torments, the patient must always go through five main stages: 1. Looking at the situation from a distance. 2. Careful study of each individual detail, without exception, all the nuances. 3. Situational agreements. 4. Verbalization. In Psychology, this is the formalization of feelings and emotions into verbal-logical forms. In simple words, this is a description of how a person feels when he/she is thinking about a problem. 5. Expanding boundaries, setting new goals and drawing up a plan of the action. The main goal of each session is to free a person from the burden with which he/she came. And you need to do it right now, at the current moment in time. Interestingly, according to this scheme, specialists in Positive Psychology build communication with absolutely all their clients, regardless of their problem.

Abundance and composition analysis of dinoflagellates in Mayangan and Binor Coastal Area, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Dinoflagellates are one of the phytoplankton groups that an important role as primary producers in waters. However, in very abundant conditions (blooming) it can be dangerous for ecosystems and aquatic biota. This study aims to determine the composition and abundance of harmful dinoflagellates and environmental factors that influence the presence of dinoflagellates in coastal area of Mayangan and Binor, Probolinggo Regency, East Java. The method used in this study is a survey method by determining the sample point by purposive sampling. The research was conducted in March 2022. The result showed that the abundance of dinoflagellates in Mayangan waters 255 – 1511 cells/mL consisting of 10 genera namely Alexandrium, Ceratium, Dinophysis, Gambierdiscus, Glenodinium, Gymnodinium, Ostreopsis, Peridinium, Phyrodinium, and Prorocentrum. The abundance of dinoflagellates in Binor waters 716 – 2536 cells/mL consisting of 10 genera namely Alexandrium, Amphydinium, Bysmatrum, Cochlodinium, Gambierdiscus, Glenodinium, Gymnodinium, Peridinium, Protoperidinium, and Scrippsiella. The highest genus in Mayangan waters Ceratium 18% and Binor waters Protoperidinium 21%. The abundance of dinoflagellates in the Mayangan and Binor waters has no potential for blooming, but the presence of the dinoflagellate genus in the waters can still endanger coastal ecosystems because it can produce toxins. The presence of dinoflagellates is influenced by environmental factors such as salinity, nitrate, and phosphate.

Vplivi salicilne kisline in njenih derivatov na rastline, škodljive in koristne organizme in njihove interakcije v okolju

Svetovna proizvodnja hrane je prisiljena v iskanje novih pristopov za zaščito rastlin pred škodljivimi organizmi in okoljskimi dejavniki. Ena izmed alternativ, bi lahko bila uporaba salicilne kisline (SA) in njenih derivatov. Na splošno so učinki SA na primarni ravni ekosistema, vzpodbudni, saj pripomorejo k izboljšani produktivnosti in kakovosti številnih rastlin ter izboljšujejo toleranco na številne stresorje. Sekundarna raven učinkov SA v okolju predstavlja učinke na škodljive organizme zaradi direktnega delovanja in tudi posrednih učinkov SA, ki nastanejo zaradi morfoloških in fizioloških sprememb, ko se rastlina prilagaja stresorjem. SA v veliko primerih vpliva na zmanjšanje okužb, na nekatere škodljivce pa deluje tudi odvračalno. Rastline po napadu škodljivega organizma sproščajo v okolje hlapne spojine, predvsem derivate SA kot je metilirana SA (MeSA). Ta privablja naravne sovražnike škodljivcev, kar bi se lahko uvedlo v varovanje rastlin pred škodljivimi organizmi, saj je bilo ugotovljeno pri številnih vrstah, da MeSA nanje deluje kot atraktant. Salicilati imajo zelo širok spekter delovanja, ki v okolju sprožajo različne vplive, ki se med seboj prepletajo in posledično vplivajo na več ravni v eksosistemu. V tem članku smo učinke salicilatov razdelili glede na različne nivoje v okolju, kar nam je dalo širši vpogled na potencialno uporabo salicilatov v kmetijstvu.

Decidual derived exosomal miR-99a-5p targets Ppp2r5a to inhibit trophoblast invasion in response to CeO2NPs exposure

BackgroundThe biological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs), a novel material in the biomedical field, have attracted widespread attention. Our previous study confirmed that exposure to CeO2NPs during pregnancy led to abnormal trophoblast invasion during early placental development, thereby impairing placental development. The potential mechanisms may be related to low-quality decidualization triggered by CeO2NPs exposure, such as an imbalance in trophoblast invasion regulators secreted by decidual cells. However, the intermediate link mediating the “dialogue” between decidual cells and trophoblasts during this process remains unclear. As an important connection between cells, exosomes participate in the “dialogue” between endometrial cells and trophoblasts. Exosomes transfer bioactive microRNA into target cells, which can target and regulate the level of mRNA in target cells.ResultsHere, we constructed a mice primary uterine stromal cell-induced decidualization model in vitro, and detected the effect of CeO2NPs exposure on the expression of decidual-derived exosomal miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify target genes of the screened key miRNAs in regulating trophoblast invasion. Finally, the role of the screened miRNAs and their target genes in regulating trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo cells) invasion was confirmed. The results showed that CeO2NPs exposure inhibited trophoblast invasion by promoting miR-99a-5p expression in decidual-derived exosomes, and Ppp2r5a is a potential target gene for miR-99a-5p to inhibit trophoblast invasion.ConclusionsThis study revealed the molecular mechanism by which CeO2NPs exposure inhibits trophoblast invasion from the perspective of decidual derived exosomal miRNAs. These results will provide an experimental basis for screening potential therapeutic targets for the negative biological effects of CeO2NPs exposure and new ideas for studying the mechanism of damage to trophoblast cells at the decidual-foetal interface by harmful environmental or occupational factors.

Watch-Type Dual-Mode Wearable Health Device

Wearable devices can be found as numerous types of health devices ranging from monitoring hazardous environments to detecting physiological signals. Its utilities have also shown encouraging improvements toward personalized healthcare. Thus, many kinds of wearable health devices (WHD) have been reported and developed. Those reports highlight their efficiency in monitoring harmful environmental factors and various diseases for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This paper proposes a watch-type of dual-mode WHD that can perform gaseous phase detection to monitor dangerous environmental situations such as bad air quality and aqueous phase detection to measure physiological signals from human sweat or blood. The proposed system was fabricated on a printed circuit board and its size is 3 cm × 3 cm which is suitable as a wearable device. It also consumes very low power and has capabilities of wired/wireless charging and wired/wireless communication. Furthermore, customized windows and Android applications have been developed to visualize obtained data in a user’s computer or smartphone. The system was tested both electrically and chemically and showed promising results as the WHD.

Теоретичне та практичне значення наукових досліджень Інституту громадського здоров’я НАМН України

Objective: analytical study of scientific achievements by Institute's specialists in the field of prevention of non-communicable and infectious diseases of the population caused by negative impact of environmental and social factors of living conditions, based on the results of research work and their implementation. Materials and methods: scientific reports, acts of implementation of the results of scientific research works. The research uses a system-analytical method. Research results: The results of research conducted at the Institute for the last three years were analyzed. The physical, chemical, and social factors, life conditions of different segments of the population have been assessed and their negative impact on health has been proven. A number of scientifically substantiated regulatory and methodological instructive and information documents have been developed aimed at minimizing harmful environmental factors and preventing diseases in the population.