Harmful Contamination Research Articles

Development of Biscuits from Winged Beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) as a Primary Source for Milk Production

Background: The high prevalence of stunting, notably in Aceh at 31.2%, highlights the urgent requirement for effective nutrition interventions. Utilizing local resources like winged bean flour in food products can play a vital role in enhancing maternal and infant health, addressing malnutrition, and improving breastfeeding outcomes Objective: This study aims to develop biscuits from winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) as a primary source for enhancing milk production. Winged beans are known to be rich in protein and essential nutrients for the health of breastfeeding mothers. Methodology: This study employs a true experimental design involving clinical trials on rabbits, proximate analysis, and sensory acceptance testing. In the first year, the focus is on developing winged bean biscuit formulas, conducting nutritional and contamination tests, and measuring weight and milk volume in animal trials. The research will take place from March to August 2024 at various locations, including the Nutrition Department at Aceh Health Polytechnic and Syiah Kuala University. In this research, biscuits were produced with varying additions of winged bean flour at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in the biscuit recipe. Results: The results indicate that biscuits containing winged bean flour can increase milk production in female rabbits and show significant weight gain after biscuit consumption. Proximate analysis reveals good nutritional content, while testing for harmful metal contamination ensures product safety. Organoleptic acceptance testing shows that these biscuits are well-received by consumers. These findings affirm the potential of winged beans as a local food source that can support the health of mothers and children, contributing to efforts to combat malnutrition in Indonesia. Conclusion:. Biscuit made from winged bean flour can enhance milk production and weight gain in female rabbits, while offering good nutritional content and being free from contamination. These findings support the potential of winged beans as a local food source to address malnutrition in Indonesia.

Potentially harmful elements contamination, risk assessment, and their bioaccumulation in food crops

Determining the potentially harmful elements (PHE) in agricultural soil and plants is crucial, as PHE tends to affect soils and crop plants adversely and poses health risks to humans. For this purpose, soil (n = 31) and food crop (n = 31) specimens were picked from agricultural fields and analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Soil showed the highest mean values of 39200 ± 480 mg/kg for iron (Fe) and the lowest of 1.00 ± 0.10 mg/kg cadmium (Cd). Among food crops, the maximum mean concentration of 346 ± 17.2 mg/kg was noted for Fe in the Brassica campestris, while the minimum chromium for (Cr) in Praecitrullus fistulosus was 0.63 ± 0.27 mg/kg. PHE concentrations in food crops were found within limits established by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) for human intake, except for lead (Pb) and Cd. Transfer factor (TF) estimations suggested that the highest value of >1 for Cd was found in the roots of all plants, except Allium cepa and Allium sativum. Similarly, for shoots, TF > 1 was observed in Allium cepa, Coriandrum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, and Solanum lycopersicum. Fe showed the highest chronic daily intake values for children and adults. Furthermore, it is evident from the results that only Cd exhibited a high hazard quotient (HQ > 1) compared to other PHEs, indicating a potential health risk by consuming these crops for children and adults.

Seasonal Variations in Physico- chemical Parameters of the Sediment of Thengapatnam Estuary, South-coastal Region of India

The tremendous biodiversity and ecological processes that depend on freshwater and marine environments are essential to human survival. The physicochemical parameters in both surface waters and sediments are important to understand estuarine dynamics. The present study was carried out to determine how the seasonal variation will affect the physicochemical parameters of sediments of five stations in Thengapatnam estuary. Sediment samples were collected for a period of one year from June 2014-May 2015 from five different sampling stations. The parameters such as pH, temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Copper, Zinc, Iron and Manganese were analysed using standard procedures. The result expose that, soil sediment have high amount of potassium in all five stations. Sediment temperature varied from 25.7- 30.1°C. Hydrogen ion concentration ranged between 6.9 to 8.3, concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrate (2.4 – 6.4 mg/100g), phosphate (1.5 - 15.25 mg/100g) potassium (138 – 560 ppm) and concentration of metals like iron, zinc and manganese were found to be higher during monsoon season and lower during premonsoon seasons The overall findings highlight the need for a scientific solution to reduce the use of harmful chemicals and heavy metal contamination from the river system in order to preserve the biodiversity of freshwater and marine ecosystems.

Assessing Radiation Fallout in Public Zones near the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS): A Recent Study.

A comprehensive radiological study was conducted in the surrounding public zones of the Nevada National Security Site to identify traces of resuspended radioactivity and heavy elemental contamination that might have resulted from various activities. The study used passive and active nuclear methods, specifically gamma spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis, respectively. Passive gamma spectra analysis of air filter papers from various Community Environmental Monitoring Program stations conclusively verified the presence of radionuclides exclusively originating from the natural decay series of 238U and 232Th. Furthermore, gamma spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis of plant samples from surrounding areas of the Nevada National Security Site revealed the absence of any unusual elemental contamination in the environment. These results demonstrated that there was no measurable radiological impact on the public zones surrounding the site resulting from the spread of radioactive materials or toxic heavy metals associated with previous or ongoing activities at Nevada National Security Site. Therefore, the safety of public zones concerning retained radioactivity and harmful elemental contamination arising from Nevada National Security Site operations is negligible. The significance of this study is further pronounced in the current geopolitical context, as it establishes the baseline elemental composition for various desert plants for future reference.

Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium

The excessive use of pesticides has led to the harmful contamination of water reservoirs. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is one of the suitable methods for the removal of pesticides from water. Herein, the development of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the visible light-assisted degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides is reported. After synthesis via coprecipitation using cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precursor materials, the prepared CBO was characterized using advanced techniques including XRD, EDS, TEM, SEM, FTIR, and surface area and pore size analysis. Then, it was employed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides under visible light irradiation. The complete removal of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides was observed over CBO photocatalyst using 50 mL (100 mg/L) of each pesticide separately within 120 min of reaction. The reaction kinetics was investigated using a non-linear method of analysis using the Solver add-in. The prepared CBO exhibited a 2.8-fold and 2-fold catalytic performance in the photodegradation of selected pesticides than Co3O4 and Bi2O3 did, respectively.

Amyloid fibril–bacterial cellulose nanohybrid membrane cartridge for efficient removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater

ABSTRACT Worldwide, the harmful ion contamination of water has become a serious problem because of unregulated industry, energy production, and mining, which greatly increase the concentration of pollutants in water. The novel membranes through adsorbent self-assembly, such as protein amyloids, were explored for wastewater treatment. Herein, we report amyloid fibril (AF)-embedded bacterial cellulose nanohybrid membrane for efficient removal of heavy metal from industrial effluent. AFs are synthesized by heat treatment using bovine serum albumin and embedded with bacterial cellulose nanomembrane (BCN). The AF-embedded BCN (AF/BCN) was characterized using microscopy and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the well-ordered multi-layered AF/BCN filtration assembly was fabricated in the commercial cartridge and validated for the removal of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Hg2+) from wastewater and treatment of industrial wastewater sample containing heavy metals. Our multi-layered filtration assembly removed Hg2+ and Pb2+ with efficiency of 95 and 78.34%, respectively. A computational study using molecular docking has also been performed for the identification of metal entrapment sites. Moreover, our AF/BCN filtration assembly showed high regeneration capacity up to four cycles. The isotherm model also revealed a strong fit and good adsorption behaviour. This makes potential filtration assembly for low-cost, high-efficiency for the removal of heavy metal from wastewater.

Assessment of Portuguese fitness centers: Bridging the knowledge gap on harmful microbial contamination with focus on fungi

The lack of knowledge regarding the extent of microbial contamination in Portuguese fitness centers (FC) puts attendees and athletes at risk for bioaerosol exposure. This study intends to characterize microbial contamination in Portuguese FC by passive sampling methods: electrostatic dust collectors (EDC) (N = 39), settled dust (N = 8), vacuum filters (N = 8), and used cleaning mops (N = 12). The obtained extracts were plated in selective culture media for fungi and bacteria. Filters, EDC, and mop samples' extracts were also screened for antifungal resistance and used for the molecular detection of the selected Aspergillus sections. The detection of mycotoxins was conducted using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) system and to determine the cytotoxicity of microbial contaminants recovered by passive sampling, HepG2 (human liver carcinoma) and A549 (human alveolar epithelial) cells were employed. The results reinforce the use of passive sampling methods to identify the most critical areas and identify environmental factors that influence microbial contamination, namely having a swimming pool. The cardio fitness area presented the highest median value of total bacteria (TSA: 9.69 × 102 CFU m−2.day−1) and Gram-negative bacteria (VRBA: 1.23 CFU m−2.day−1), while for fungi it was the open space area, with 1.86 × 101 CFU m−2.day−1. Aspergillus sp. was present in EDC and in filters used to collect settled dust. Reduced azole susceptibility was observed in filters and EDC (on ICZ and VCZ), and in mops (on ICZ). Fumonisin B2 was the only mycotoxin detected and it was present in all sampling matrixes except settled dust. High and moderate cytotoxicity was obtained, suggesting that A549 cells were more sensitive to samples’ contaminants. The observed widespread of critical toxigenic fungal species with clinical relevance, such as Aspergillus section Fumigati, as well as Fumonisin B2 emphasizes the importance of frequent and effective cleaning procedures while using shared mops appeared as a vehicle of cross-contamination.

A review of worm-like pipe inspection robots: research, trends and challenges

In recent years, the development of worm-like robots has increased significantly. These robots use peristaltic motion comprised of radial expansion and axial elongation to move leglessly through their environments. Soft worm-like robots have the advantage of conforming to their environment, making them ideal for confined spaces such as pipelines which are essential to societal infrastructure. Pipeline contamination and corrosion can be detrimental and costly and thus regular checking is vital. Some pipes are difficult to access due to size, access restrictions and harmful waste contamination (such as in nuclear power plants). This has led to an increase of research into soft worm-like robots for pipe inspection. This review will analyse the recent progress in this area to assess current robotic capabilities and where work may be further needed to ensure they are applicable to real-world applications.

Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) from Selangor, Malaysia.

The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has raised public awareness due to harmful contamination to both human and marine creatures. This study was designed to determine the concentration of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the intestine, kidney, muscle, gill, and liver tissues of local commercial edible fish, fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) collected from Morib (M) and Kuala Selangor (KS). Among the studied PTEs, Cu and Zn were essential elements to regulate body metabolism with certain dosages required while Cd and Ni were considered as non-essential elements that posed chronic and carcinogenic risk. The concentration of PTEs in fish tissue samples was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). By comparing the concentration of PTEs in fish tissues as a bioindicator, the environmental risk of Morib was more serious than Kuala Selangor because both fish species collected from Morib resulted in a higher PTEs concentration. For an average 62kg adult with a fish ingestion rate (FIR) of 0.16kg/person/day in Malaysia, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Cd from the consumption of E. tetradactylum (M: 0.0135mg/kg; KS: 0.0134mg/kg) and P. niger (M: 0.0140mg/kg; KS: 0.0132mg/kg) had exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (Cd: 0.007mg/kg) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and oral reference dose (ORD) values of Cd (0.001mg/kg/day) as provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regional screening level, thus it posed chronic risks for daily basis consumption. Besides, the value of the carcinogenic risk of Cd (0.7-3 to 0.8-3) and Ni (0.5-3 to 0.6-3) were in between the acceptable range (10-6 to 10-4) of the health index that indicates a relatively low possibility cancer occurrence to the consumers in both Morib and Kuala Selangor. This study recommended FIR to be 0.80kg/person/day to reduce the possibility of posing chronic and carcinogenic risks while at the same time obtaining the essential nutrients from the fish.

Temperature stress (cold and heat) strongly affect the phytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (phenanthrene) to wheat

AbstractAnthropogenic activity could create different threats leading to irreversible changes in the global environment and, as a consequence, posing varied stressful conditions acting together (combined stress) on organisms. Our research concerned the combined stress of two of the main threats to soil health and plant health: temperature stress and pollution. The aim of this research was the quantitative assessment of the impact of temperature stress on the phytotoxicity of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; specifically, phenanthrene, which is a widespread, harmful organic contamination of soil) on the growth of wheat seedlings in relation to the level of soil contamination by phenanthrene (0–1000 mg kg−1 dry mass of soil) and the type of temperature stress: cold (10°C) and heat (35°C) stress, in three different soils. Earlier studies have investigated the effect of temperature stress on PAH toxicity mainly on soil invertebrates. However, the impact of temperature stress on PAH phytotoxicity towards crop plants, which are important for human food security but could be affected by chemical soil degradation, is still poorly understood. Our results indicated that the phenanthrene phytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by cold stress and heat stress. The effects of cold and heat temperature stress increased with increasing phenanthrene level. Our research is important for improving the risk assessment of PAH and food security forecasting.

Using multivariate statistics to link major ion chemistry changes at karst springs to agriculture

Agricultural contamination is a pervasive problem in karst landscapes that negatively impacts groundwater quality, and subsequently harms hydraulically connected springs and associated ecosystems. While most research on agricultural contamination in karst aquifers has focused on nitrate, agricultural operations also alter major ion chemistry in groundwater, which can have significant implications on water rock interactions, geochemical interpretability, and enrichment of harmful contamination. Additionally, recent evidence has questioned the singular role of nutrient enrichment on aquatic ecosystem degradation, thus prompting further investigation into the broader extent of agricultural contamination for improved water quality restoration. In karst aquifers, quantifying the disruption of groundwater quality from agricultural contamination at springs can be challenging as major ions associated with agricultural contamination may be conflated with natural processes and interpretation further compounded by complex flow dynamics. These factors can render traditional statistical methods inadequate for identifying more comprehensive groundwater quality disruptions. To overcome these challenges, we use principal component analysis to classify the major ion covariance signature of agriculturally impaired and unimpaired groundwater and develop a new impairment metric to characterize the relative major ion impairment from agriculture to karst spring water quality. We apply our method to a primarily rural region in northern Florida whereby major ion chemistry has been changing over the last several decades. Our results identify a significant difference in major ion covariance structure between agriculturally impaired and unimpaired groundwater which is exploited to directly link major ion changes at karst springs to agriculture via relating a derived impairment metric to measured nitrate. Our newly developed method is easy to apply and can be used to identify more comprehensive contamination from pollutant sources and prioritize relative water quality restoration.

Analysis Of Hazardous Heavy Metal Content in Maritime Ecosystems

Maritime ecosystems, rich in diverse biota and natural resources, are an essential element in maintaining global ecological balance. However, the sustainability of these ecosystems is threatened by harmful heavy metal contamination, which can jeopardize the health of maritime ecosystems and the well-being of humans who rely heavily on marine resources. This study aims to identify heavy metal content in the maritime environment. Using a literature review method on data from 2019 to 2023, it was analyzed and corroborated with journal articles. The results highlighted nine hazardous heavy metals, such as copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese and mercury, which are capable of contaminating seawater and causing toxic effects on marine organisms. Therefore, serious efforts are needed to reduce and manage heavy metal contamination in the maritime environment to maintain ecosystem sustainability and protect the well-being of humans who depend on marine resources

Heavy Metals in Poultry Chicken and Human Health Threat: A Mini Review

It has been shown that the most hazardous heavy metals that are constantly emitted into the environment are arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). These metals can be found in both naturally occurring and artificially produced fertilizers, industrial processes, and waste disposal. Due to ongoing exposure to heavy metals, bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg takes place in a variety of organs in chickens, primarily the kidneys, liver, reproductive organs, and lungs. Chemical, biological, or physical risks can be connected to animal feed. Poultry feed contamination can come from negligent or intentional handling, storage, and transportation practices. Because of the increased concentration of these heavy metals in these tissues—primarily the brain, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs—chronic exposure to low doses of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg can alter the microscopic structure of these tissues. This puts human health at risk when consuming chicken or poultry. Risks to food safety should be carefully considered in order to reduce unfavorable side effects in both people and animals. Governments should therefore implement stringent measures to prevent any harmful contamination that could endanger public health. This review presents a discussion of bioaccumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in poultry with the associated problem of consumption of poultry and human health.

Cold plasma as an emerging nonthermal technology for food processing: A comprehensive review

Cold plasma, a partially ionized gas maintained at low temperatures, has emerged as a promising nonthermal food processing technique with various applications, including food sterilization and improved agricultural output. By generating reactive species such as ions, radicals, and photons, cold plasma interacts with and modifies the surfaces of materials or living cells. This comprehensive review focuses on the microbial decontamination capabilities of cold plasma and its impact on a wide range of food products, including cereals, milk, fruits, vegetables, and meat. Cold plasma treatment offers distinct advantages over traditional methods such as heat treatment, chemical treatment, and irradiation. It effectively eliminates pathogenic microbes from food surfaces while preserving the quality, flavor, and nutritional content of the food. By sterilizing food surfaces and packaging materials, cold plasma significantly reduces the risk of harmful microorganism contamination. Moreover, it extends the shelf life of food products by eliminating germs, viruses, and other hazardous microbes. This review critically assesses the qualitative impact of plasma treatment, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate cold plasma technology for various food products. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of cold plasma technology for commercial implementation, this review investigates the properties of cold plasma treatment for different food products. It examines the molecular connections between dietary components and cold plasma species, highlighting potential avenues for future research.

Operative utilization of the feasible anion exchange membrane BIII for Sorptive exclusion of acid orange 7 from Hydrated media

Anion exchange membranes have received great deal of attention for their ability to remove harmful dye contamination from industrial wastewater while also ensuring profitable and fuel-efficient commercialization. The ability of anion exchange membrane BIII to eradicate acid orange 7 dye from aquatic environment is demonstrated here. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed the surface properties and existence of distinct operational groups on the sorbent. Numerous constraints on AO7exclusion in an aquatic environment, such as contact duration, temperature, sorbent dose, and starting dye concentration were also scrutinized. For the purpose of assessing kinetics, Liquid film diffusion, Elovich, Lagergren first-order, Bangham, pseudo-second-order, and modified Freundlich models, were employed. These findings imply that the AO7 dye sorption onto the BIII membrane is well controlled by the liquid-film diffusion process and that the sorption comprehends pseudo-second-order kinetics with an utmost value of R2(0.99). To evaluate tentative data, multiple linear and nonlinear isotherm models were utilized. Freundlich isotherm was found to be in excellent agreement with sorption data. Thermodynamic specifications, such as a change in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, for dye sorption on the anion exchange BIII membrane were optimized between 308 and 338 K to maximize AO7 dye removal. Since ΔGo is negative and, ΔHo and ΔSo are positive, inferred that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Anion exchange membrane BIII was effective for up to four successive cycles without losing its competence.

Dehydrated thin film media to rapidly estimate bioburden for planetary protection flight implementation

AbstractPlanetary Protection (PP) is the practice of safeguarding solar system bodies from terrestrial biological contamination and screening the Earth against potentially harmful extraterrestrial biological contamination. On Earth, cleanrooms and spacecraft surfaces are assayed using swabs and wipes that are then heat shocked for 15 min at 80°C to select for spores. The samples are further processed using the pour-plate method and Petri plates (TSA plates), with trypticase soy agar (TSA) serving as the growth medium. This sampling and processing procedure, called the NASA Standard Assay (NSA), is used by PP engineers around the world. Recent years have seen an increase in the incorporation of state-of-the-art technology, such as membrane filtration, into the NSA, with a push for implementing environmentally friendly technology into day-to-day activities. Dehydrated thin film media, such as Petrifilm Rapid Aerobic Count (RAC) plates, suit these goals as an alternative method to TSA plates. RAC plates show bacterial growth (and distinguish colonies from foreign particles such as bubbles) faster than TSA plates due to the incorporation of chromogenic colour indicators in the media. RAC plates also possess a much smaller environmental footprint than TSA plates, and are designed to evaluate even some of the challenging-to-detect environmental organisms, including spreaders that fill over 25% of the plate area in only a few hours. With these benefits in mind the PP Group at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory took on the task of comparing RAC plates directly to TSA plates within the context of the NSA. Not only were the RAC plates able to detect surface environmental samples and in vitro spiked samples equivalent to NSA-processed TSA plates, but spreader organisms were countable on RAC plates at culture densities 10- to 100-fold greater than on TSA plates. In addition, RAC plates showed a robust, linear detection capability when challenged with membrane filter incorporation and organisms were easily acquired from RAC plates for archiving or post-processing experiments including MALDI-TOF bacterial identification. With their ease of use, small footprint, and both rapid and accurate bioburden measurements, RAC plates have the potential to overcome limitations posed by current PP culturing protocols.

Electrochemical CaC2‐Mediated Conversion of Biochar to C2H2: High Carbon Efficiency and Low Contamination

AbstractThe carbon to CaC2 route is promising to provide a sustainable elementary unit, C2H2, for the organic synthesis industry, but the traditional thermal reaction process suffers from low carbon efficiency, harmful gas contamination, high temperature operation, and risky CO management. We herein report a high carbon efficiency (ca. 100 %) conversion of biochar to C2H2 through an electrolytic synthesis of solid CaC2 in molten CaCl2/KCl/CaO at 973 K. The main reactions are carbon reduction to CaC2 at the solid carbon cathode and oxygen evolution at an inert anode. Meanwhile, the electrolysis removes S and P from the solid cathode, avoiding the formation of CaS and Ca3P2 in CaC2 and consequently eliminating H2S and PH3 contamination in the finally produced C2H2.

Electrochemical CaC2 -Mediated Conversion of Biochar to C2 H2 : High Carbon Efficiency and Low Contamination.

The carbon to CaC2 route is promising to provide a sustainable elementary unit, C2 H2 , for the organic synthesis industry, but the traditional thermal reaction process suffers from low carbon efficiency, harmful gas contamination, high temperature operation, and risky CO management. We herein report a high carbon efficiency (ca. 100 %) conversion of biochar to C2 H2 through an electrolytic synthesis of solid CaC2 in molten CaCl2 /KCl/CaO at 973 K. The main reactions are carbon reduction to CaC2 at the solid carbon cathode and oxygen evolution at an inert anode. Meanwhile, the electrolysis removes S and P from the solid cathode, avoiding the formation of CaS and Ca3 P2 in CaC2 and consequently eliminating H2 S and PH3 contamination in the finally produced C2 H2 .

Analysis of Bagasse Cellulose-Based Hydrogel for Methylene Blue Removal from Textile Industry Wastewater

The textile industry is one of the biggest water consumption production areas and its waste is essential to cause ecological contamination as they deliver questionable color, weighty metal, and degradable natural and inorganic results whenever arranged without treatment. The natural treatment strategy is not broadly drilled because of its intricate method. In the adsorption method, for example, actuated carbon was limited by prudence of its significant expense and low adsorption limit. This study has completed the combination and portrayal of bagasse cellulose-based hydrogel for the expulsion of methylene blue color from textile industry wastewater. The study furnishes a major critical contributing option for biodegradable adsorption material by supplanting the conventional color evacuation method with a nonconventional one that showsthe attainability of horticultural waste for a union of the hydrogel as opposed to noninexhaustible petrochemical based and show the capability of involving hydrogel for the expulsion of harmful contamination from the textile industry. The hydrogel was combined utilizing free extreme polymerization that can utilize acrylic corrosive (AA) and citrus extract as cross-connecting specialists and monomers individually. FTIR, XRD, and conduct metric titration are the primary hardware utilized for the portrayal of the hydrogel. The cycle boundaries that can influence the color evacuation proficiency of hydrogel, for example, pH, contact time, and temperature have been examined. A focal composite plan by rotatable component is the technique used to browse reaction surface strategies to control the tests with the communication of cycle boundaries.

Astroenvironmentalism as SF

AbstractThe New Space Age is awash with discourses about space colonization and resource exploitation, and these happily coexist with the age-old and curiosity-driven question, “Are we alone in the universe?” Astrobiology addresses this question and, at the same time, codifies knowledge useful for protecting our planet and other celestial bodies from harmful contamination. This article critically examines astroenvironmentalism as discussed within astrobiology and attempts to rescue it from becoming a principle of border creation in otherworldly ecologies. To do so, it merges astrobiology with visions and images from feminist postcolonial and decolonial theory, STS, and science fiction, and reflects on the enduring colonial tropes that provide the building blocks of current knowledge on outer space. The same colonial cartographic imagination at play in the much-debated frontier narrative animates the concept of planetary parks. These have gained increased popularity as a mechanism of environmental protection in space, but it is important to note how they entertain a settler future in outer space and legitimize claims to territorial property and extraction. In a dialogue that is contrapuntal to the codification of this form of transplanetary environmentalism, this article traces how Lynn Margulis’s cosmic symbiosis, Donna Haraway’s sympoiesis, and Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Word for World Is Forest (1976) intersect with concerns of astrobiological knowledge. Crucially, they enable the blurring of three types of borders: between science and fiction; planetary inside and outside; life and matter. This border-crossing can be generative of a process of creating more-than-human relationalities beyond Earth-centric geographies.