Harmful Bugs Research Articles

EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL METHODS AGAINST MAJOR WHEAT PESTS

This article investigates the insecticidal activity of the chemical preparation Antikolorad Max, sus.k., against major wheat pests such as harmful bugs, slimy worms, wheat thrips, and grain aphids. According to the results of the experiment, when this preparation was applied at a rate of 0.1-0.15 l/ha, it demonstrated a biological efficiency of 88.6-92.5% against harmful bugs, 91.6-94.8% against slimy worms, 89.4-95.8% against wheat thrips, and 89.4-93.1% against aphids 14 days after application.

Predstavnici roda "Trissolcus" (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) prirodni neprijatelji štetnih stenica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) i preliminarna istraživanja u Srbiji

Different types of polyphagous true bug pests are present in Serbia and countries in the region, many of which stand out as significant pests of agricultural crops. Among the harmful true bugs, the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula Linnaeus, 1758 and the brown marble bug Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are the species that currently attract attention the most, primarily because of their invasive and polyphagous nautre and ability to migrate rapidly from one crop to another. In many regions, where harmful bugs cause large economic losses, control strategies are primarily based on the application of chemicals. In addition to chemical control measures, biological control measures are increasingly present, which are based on the application of natural enemies of pests. Species from the genus Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) show the best results in the biological control of polyphagous true bug. The species that has been commercially used for many years to control harmful Hemiptera is Trissolcus basalis Wollaston, 1958, which is one of the most important natural enemies of the green vegetable bug in the World. The species Trissolcus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 and Trissolcus mitsukurii Ashmead, 1904 have been identified as the predominant parasitoids of the brown marble bug and show great potential in the biological control of this harmful species. Representatives of the genus Trissolcus are also registered on the territory of Serbia, which opens the possibility of including native species of the genus Trissolcus in the strategies of biological control of true bug pests on the territory of Serbia and the region.

The Use of Drones in Agrıcultural Production

The drones called as mainly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been commonly used recently in agricultural production in all part of the world because of reducing costs of hardware and the software technology as well as tremendous progresses. Moreover, UAV’s gave opportunities such as reaching much faster and efficient in emergency situations, allowing access to places which humans can’t reach etc. Therefore, UAVs are used in many part of our life not only for agriculture both also traffic surveillance, military operations, disaster management, border-patrolling, aerial image georeferencing, courier services, firefighting as well as monitoring of wildlife, nature, sky life etc. In the agriculture, the UAV’s are used mostly for monitoring the crop production using spectral imaging on each period of time in order to identify the problems on the field such as water shortage and diseases, tracking animals using cameras and herding them with creating sounds produced by the UAV’s, spraying to the field with pesticide, fungicide and water by equipping spraying kit on a UAV, generating the strong winds by the propellers of the UAV increasing pollination in the hybrid plant production as well as separating the small harmful bugs from the plants etc. The UAV’s contribute a lot more to the agricultural sector, if the right implementations and researches are done. However, using new implemented lightweight materials to increase the endurance of the UAV, developing new type of lenses and sensors which can identify other diseases on plants or animals which can’t be seen by the current equipment and equipping a granule spreader on a UAV so that it can distribute the seeds on the field much faster than a tractor.

Регулирование состояния насаждений на антропогенно преобразованных территориях: принцип дендрологического разнообразия

In low-forest areas with a poor natural of woody vegetation, the ecological capacity of the territory is increased by the introduction of the forest plantations for various purposes, which contribute to the regulation of phytosanitary conditions and the preservation a biodiversity of the regional. Among the ecological-adequate methods for the preservation of ecological optimum in the systems of multifunctional plantations of various purposes are importance of fundamentally: the inclusion of adapted entomophilic and fruit-bearing tree and shrub species, the creation of ecotonic zones of abundant flowering herbs and other landscape-ecological elements. Optimization of the phytocoenotic situation expands environmental preferendum beneficial insects, their attracted by the possibility of additional supply and new safe havens creation for the entomophages its expanded a food range and the use in foods not typical for them types of pests. Collection of material was carried out in the forest plantations of various a special purposes. The objects of the study were useful insects. A samples have been taken by the mowing trees of crowns by the nets of entomological , a visual inspection of the model branches and the manual collecting of predators and phyllophages with species of parasite with the subsequent by cultivation of adult insects in the laboratory conditions. Stabilization of the ratio of harmful and useful insects in the communities is facilitated by the introduction of forest plantations into the landscapes. In this regard, many atypical species of insects in the forest-equipped areas is expand their food spectrum, using non-specialized a species of pests. The number of individuals of parasitic insects here increases by an average of 4.0 times, the abundance of predators increases by three times, the density of economically dangerous pests is reduced by 1.5-4.0 times. Against field pests (harmful bugs and grain flea beetles) the biocenotic role of forests plantation is most pronounced. Their number on forest-protected crops is reduced by 4.0 and 3.5 times, respectively. The increase in dryness of the climate provokes an increase in the density of pests (by 41-96%) and a reduction in the number of their natural enemies (by 16-28%), with the total number of insects increasing by 11-31%. The diversity of dendroflora is determines the effectiveness of action the parasites and predators. Most of the entomophages (28.0% of the total number of useful arthropods) are concentrated in the plant crowns сем. Rosaceae. Attractiveness of plants Sambucus и Lonicera for the parasites and predators are less pronounced – their number here is on average 4.0-10.0 times lower. The complexity of the structure of phytocenosis with the inclusion in the composition of landings blooming profusely woody species increases a exchange the faunal by the facies and strengthening of the complex of the entomophages in the gradient of vertical. Optimization of phytosanitary conditions in the forest stands of different purpose is based on the selection of adapted tree species, positively changing fitered and contributing to the preservation and enhancement of biocenotic relations, biodiversity, restoration of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and, as a result, stabilety functioning of the forest reclamation complexes. Increasing dryness of the climate in the southern direction affects the diversity and abundance of faunal communities of forest reclamation complexes. Zonal of affiliation the communities of entomofaunal to the more arid areas leads to an increase in the total number of insects on 11-31%. Positive effect for a harmonious the entomofauna of community, with an adequate ratio of harmful and useful component, is fold to the areas adjacent to planting - the state of ecological stress. On remote site from the direct influence the forest plantation areas is manifested ecological regression.

Scalable race detection for Android applications

We present a complete end-to-end dynamic analysis system for finding data races in mobile Android applications. The capabilities of our system significantly exceed the state of the art: our system can analyze real-world application interactions in minutes rather than hours, finds errors inherently beyond the reach of existing approaches, while still (critically) reporting very few false positives. Our system is based on three key concepts: (i) a thorough happens-before model of Android-specific concurrency, (ii) a scalable analysis algorithm for efficiently building and querying the happens-before graph, and (iii) an effective set of domain-specific filters that reduce the number of reported data races by several orders of magnitude. We evaluated the usability and performance of our system on 354 real-world Android applications (e.g., Facebook). Our system analyzes a minute of end-user interaction with the application in about 24 seconds, while current approaches take hours to complete. Inspecting the results for 8 large open-source applications revealed 15 harmful bugs of diverse kinds. Some of the bugs we reported were confirmed and fixed by developers.

Taste in the Anthropocene: The Emergence of “Thing-power” in Food Gardens

Taste in the Anthropocene: The Emergence of “Thing-power” in Food Gardens

Truly Psychedelic 'Shrooms

![Figure][1] CREDIT: CASSIUS V. STEVANI No, you're not hallucinating: Those mushrooms are glowing. While mushroom-hunting at night in a Brazilian forest, mycologist Dennis Desjardin of San Francisco State University and colleagues discovered Mycena luxaeterna growing on sticks. Luminescent chemicals similar to those in fireflies produce the fungus's constant glow—possibly to attract insects to spread spores or eat harmful bugs, Desjardin says. Mycologists have previously identified 64 luminous species from 16 different lineages, suggesting that either luminescence evolved multiple times or most species gradually lost the glow. The scientists describe the new fungus and six others online this month in Mycologia . [1]: pending:yes

About-face in the Way of Thinking for Protection of the Environment and Health.

Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and large-size machinery characterize present-day intensive agricultural operations. Technological advances in the application of those chemicals and machinery have made a large contribution toward solving the food problem, to be sure, but with detriment to the earth's environment and endangering man's health. Such untoward consequences were also observable not in agriculture and the manufacturing industry alone but in medicine and many other branches of science as well. In 1972, I was diagnosed with pesticide poisoning. With this as a turning point, I washed my hands of modern agriculture, which had been in my line for many years, and decided to do research in microbiology in earnest with my sights set on establishing farming of the sort that is friendly to the natural environment and compatible with the laws of nature. So far, I have harvested well over 2, 000 varieties of microbes. At least two years would be required for the study of one variety thoroughly if conventional methods were employed. So, I gave up all the old ways and resorted to my own method of eliminating harmful bugs and unpleasant odors using pH values and activated water. As a result, a symbiotic group of colonies made up of more than 80 kinds of “effective microorganisms”(EMs) has been formed.Without reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it has become possible to produce more than twice as much crops of high quality only by dint of EMs. Not only that, those microscopic organisms have proved to be surprisingly helpful in the improvement as well as conservation of the environment. Agricultural, livestock and fishery products produced through the use of EMs are rated high as healthy foods today. Now that it has been made clear that the favorable effects of EMs are due to the antioxidizing substances synthesized by EMs, the scope of their application is being expanded from the above-mentioned sectors to medicine, manufacturing industry, environmental protection, energy resource development and so on. Thus, the EM technology is hailed as something that will bring about a new industrial revolution.The principle of the technology is very simple: Oxidation breaks down everything on earth, but is prevented by the work of antioxidizing substances formed in EMs. The application of this principle could not have been thought of no matter how much the knowledge of modern science as based on the law of entropy was extended. A good idea occurs when you get your thinking on a different track, see the natural phenomena as they are and study them multidimensionally.

Dinner Date with a Microbe

Research Article| May 01 1993 Dinner Date with a Microbe Alan L. Gillen, Alan L. Gillen Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Robert P. Williams Robert P. Williams Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1993) 55 (5): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/4449658 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Alan L. Gillen, Robert P. Williams; Dinner Date with a Microbe. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 1993; 55 (5): 268–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4449658 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1993 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

INVESTIGATION OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE DAMAGE TO PLANT TISSUE RESULTING FROM THE FEEDING OF CAPSID BUGS.

SUMMARY.There are several species of Capsid bugs which normally feed on the leaves and fruit of apple trees but only one causes any damage, i.e. Plesiocoris rugicollis. This species produces the death of the tissue surrounding each puncture in the leaves made in feeding and on the fruit produces great distortion and “russeting.”There are three possible explanations of this damage: A purely mechanical injury produced by the insect's stylets in process of sucking. The possibility of the bug acting as a “carrier” of bacteria and by injecting these into the plant along with the saliva so sets up a pathological state. The injection of some secretion from the salivary glands which has a violently toxic effect on the plant tissue. It was found impossible to reproduce by mechanical means the injury resulting from the feeding of P. rugicollis, also the fact that the other species of Capsid bug feed in a similar manner and produce no injury militates strongly against the theory of mechanical injury only.As regards the second theory, no bacteria could be discovered in microtome sections of either damaged plant tissue or the salivary glands of the bug, and all attempts to reproduce the damage by means of bacteria failed.The third theory was proved to be the correct explanation by several experiments and observations.Experiments were made to try and reproduce the bug injury with various dilute poisons; in most cases a very similar appearance was produced in the foliage, but the attempts were unsuccessful in the fruit itself with the exception of the very great retarding effect in the growth of the fruit, which is one of the results of the bug injury.By feeding the bugs on slices of potato instead of apple the same effect was produced, but on a magnified scale. The salivary glands of P. rugicollis and of Lygus pabulinus, a bug harmful to potato foliage, when placed on a freshly cut slice of potato in a petri dish, produced a violent reaction which killed much of the tissue surrounding the glands. The same experiment was carried out with the glands of one of the harmless apple‐feeding bugs Psallus ambiguus, these had no effect whatever on the potato. When the salivary glands of P. rugicollis were pricked into apple buds, the shoots were killed within 24 hours. The salivary glands of P. ambiguus when similarly treated had no effect. Observations were made showing the rate of exudation of sap from the bug's puncture in the potato and these are given for P. rugicollis and Lygus pabulinus. A list of common plants and fruit trees with their various reactions to the feeding of harmful bugs is also given.