Hardware Items Research Articles

Impact of Rupee Depreciation on IT Sector of Indian Economy

Abstract: The Indian Rupee has significantly declined in value relative to other major currencies as a result of its volatility. In this advancing world, there are many things that have an effect on each other in some way or another. The effects of these economic changes are seen in the overall economic growth of a country. One of the uncertainties related to global trade is the fluctuation of exchange rates. Every area of an economy is impacted by this exchange rate fluctuation. The IT sector is one of the most crucial sectors of Indian industry as well as one of the largest drivers of export revenue for the country. Currently, this industry contributes about 7.7% of GDP. Depreciating currencies typically have a negative impact on several country sectors. However, the weakening of the rupee has been advantageous for the Indian IT sector. The US and Europe are the two regions where the Indian IT sector generates the most money. This is anticipated to have had an effect on the IT sector, which depends mostly on exports of hardware and software items as well as on the services provided by Indian IT workers in the US. This study aims to analyse the impacts of currency depreciation on the IT industry of Indian Economy.

Metagenomic Methods for Addressing NASA's Planetary Protection Policy Requirements on Future Missions: A Workshop Report.

Molecular biology methods and technologies have advanced substantially over the past decade. These new molecular methods should be incorporated among the standard tools of planetary protection (PP) and could be validated for incorporation by 2026. To address the feasibility of applying modern molecular techniques to such an application, NASA conducted a technology workshop with private industry partners, academics, and government agency stakeholders, along with NASA staff and contractors. The technical discussions and presentations of the Multi-Mission Metagenomics Technology Development Workshop focused on modernizing and supplementing the current PP assays. The goals of the workshop were to assess the state of metagenomics and other advanced molecular techniques in the context of providing a validated framework to supplement the bacterial endospore-based NASA Standard Assay and to identify knowledge and technology gaps. In particular, workshop participants were tasked with discussing metagenomics as a stand-alone technology to provide rapid and comprehensive analysis of total nucleic acids and viable microorganisms on spacecraft surfaces, thereby allowing for the development of tailored and cost-effective microbial reduction plans for each hardware item on a spacecraft. Workshop participants recommended metagenomics approaches as the only data source that can adequately feed into quantitative microbial risk assessment models for evaluating the risk of forward (exploring extraterrestrial planet) and back (Earth harmful biological) contamination. Participants were unanimous that a metagenomics workflow, in tandem with rapid targeted quantitative (digital) PCR, represents a revolutionary advance over existing methods for the assessment of microbial bioburden on spacecraft surfaces. The workshop highlighted low biomass sampling, reagent contamination, and inconsistent bioinformatics data analysis as key areas for technology development. Finally, it was concluded that implementing metagenomics as an additional workflow for addressing concerns of NASA's robotic mission will represent a dramatic improvement in technology advancement for PP and will benefit future missions where mission success is affected by backward and forward contamination.

Rolled metal electron plasma treatment for automotive hardware cold upsetting

One of the most important objectives of the modern car production development is to improve the quality of metal products and parts made from it, increase their efficiency, reliability, service life, bringing these indicators to the level of the world standards, ensuring the competitiveness of domestic products at the foreign market. The structural safety of motor vehicles is largely determined by the operational reliability of the constituent elements. Car fasteners made of high-carbon and alloy wire, including hardware items, are among the critical and widely used parts in mechanical engineering. The most common and progressive method of their manufacture is the cold upsetting from rolled bar material. The bar material surface condition has a significant impact on its quality. Hot rolled products from metallurgical plants are typically delivered to the processing facilities covered with scale and rust. To improve the surface quality of semifinished metallurgical products for rerolling at the stage of wire preparation for drawing, it is subjected to continuous mechanical or chemical cleaning. Traditionally, the technology of surface scale removing by etching is used in production. This method of scale removal provides a high level of cleaning, but there are problems with the disposal of spent acid solutions, reducing the steel ductility. Mechanical methods of scale removal have been widely introduced recently, although the use of mechanical scale removal devices also does not completely solve the problem. The paper considers the possibility of using advanced electron plasma treatment technologies for these purposes and the influence of traditional methods and this scale removing method from the rolled steel surface on the quality of metal preparation for upsetting.

The Application of Machine Vision in Intelligent Manufacturing

Machine vision technology has a rapid development rate in recent year especially in intelligent manufacturing. The field of intelligent manufacturing will undergo a revolution. Machine vision technology is currently developing and becoming more sophisticated. The related hardware and software items are continuously improved. They increasingly became significant in the industrial production process. Machine vision can replace some human labor in intelligent manufacturing, which effectively increases production efficiency and product quality. As a result, it might help businesses achieve full production automation, quality control standardization, automation, and automation. This paper discussed the key technologies of machine vision technology used in intelligent manufacturing industry, as well as the application of machine vision in intelligent manufacturing. The Key technologies of machine vision include image acquisition, image segmentation, and image recognition. The current application of machine vision in intelligent mainly include manufacturing dimensional measurement, part inspection, and object localization.

Systems Engineering Integration and Test Challenges due to Security Measures in a Cloud‐Based System

AbstractCloud based systems have become popular with company's Chief Information Officers and Chief Technical Officers due to their ability to support a wide range of Web based applications and services including; scalability to allow users to increase/decrease their cloud footprint real time based on demand, load balancing to optimize computing performance, and failover which allows processing/memory assets to be reassigned real time when a failure is detected or predicted on the current processing assets. In addition, organizations can lower their Information Technology (IT) costs by deferring their infrastructure maintenance/costs to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). However, Cloud‐based security threats and mitigations are well documented in literature, and address multiple client side, network, and cloud side (service/application and data) vulnerabilities. Defined mitigations include the use of access control, encryption, key management, digital signatures, and intrusion detection/prevention systems to yield a secure cloud‐based system. Implementing these security measures adds significant system functionality to the already complex cloud‐based system that must be assessed by the system architect. The additional requirements and development must be managed by the systems engineering team, and the increased integration and test must be addressed by the systems engineering integration and test lead. This paper will highlight the scope growth realized when a system interfaces into the cloud, relative to equivalent non‐cloud based systems. The added scope will be shown to include the development, integration and test of security related hardware and software configuration items, development of significant integrated test equipment/test vectors to verify the security functionality over a wide range of conditions, multiple cooperative systems/software led activities to analyze and test software throughout its development, and the system accreditation efforts to get authorization to tie into the cloud. With this information, the systems engineering leads will have a better understanding of the challenges involved with integrating and testing a cloud‐based system and can then properly plan and budget for this activity. This paper will focus specifically on a public cloud based implementation. Hybrid and private cloud implementations will not be addressed herein.

Fostering Innovation Through Humble Leadership and Humble Organizational Culture

Companies understand they need to innovate to stay competitive, but innovation is not as simple as thinking of a great idea and then implementing it. Successful innovation requires supportive actions from leaders and the firm especially when the innovation is complex. In order to foster complex technological innovations, such as robotic process automation (“RPA”), we propose that firms benefit from having (1) humble leadership actions and (2) a humble organizational culture. We share what we learned about our propositions after reviewing the Finance Controllership division within a major multinational technology organization that develops hardware and other computer-related support items.

WITHDRAWN: Public key encryption scheme for internet of things based on seminearrings

Abstract Materials are the world of life. Such as material are very wide usage in the technology. Materials made devices, in this regard devices are used to transform data from one node to another node. Graphine is the one of the material to use in IoT. The Internet of Things aims to link all hardware items or stuff to the web, including phones, automobiles, wearable devices and washing machines. The exponential development of inter-connected technology and actuating technologies has linked the divide the hardware and technology realms, providing advantages to persons, processes and enterprises. However, allowing the bulk of such apps would pose a significant challenge for protection. The absence of secure connections enables the manipulation and attacks of data shared by computers, with attackers still displaying a deep interest in this field. By using algebraic structure we can secure public key cryptosystem. In this article we proposed a novel public key encryption scheme based on seminearring. The security of the proposed cryptosystem is dependent on Double Conjugacy Search problem over Seminearring.

Fatigue of the automobile structural materials in corrosive environment

Operation of machines and equipment is accompanied by an impact produced by various types of loads leading to fatigue rupture of the structural materials. The most harmful are the vibration loads which in a corrosive environment increase the potential for a failure resulting in human casualties. Therefore, the task of ensuring the operating capability of machine elements and assemblies is one of the outstanding tasks for all industry sectors. In addition, the need for extending the service life and increasing the operational reliability is also determined by a relatively high cost of the machine structural materials and hardware items. Therefore, the execution of the experimental studies of the structural material fatigue features with a view to reduce the metal consumption, to establish new processing methods as well as to select a competitive material, are of the priority for the up-to-date machine building sector. The purpose of this article is to determine any fatigue behavior regularities in automotive materials which were pre-processed according to various technology types and modes and which were operating in a corrosive environment. The experimental data analysis has demonstrated that the longer the cyclic metal materials testing is run, the more sufficient is the decrease of the fatigue resistance of these.

Emblematic Architecture and the Routinization of Charisma in Scientology

Departing from a comparative overview, and based on Weber’s theory of charismatic routinisation, this article explores the cult of L. Ron Hubbard in the Church of Scientology with regard to the Church’s developing investments in real estate and impressive buildings. It is argued that Hubbard’s charismatic authority has been transferred to the buildings, and that these potent items of religious hardware (the various constructions), have pushed aside the otherwise attention demanding question of Hubbard’s possible reincarnation, and thus presence in another human body. This focus on buildings and their use, it is argued, allows Scientology’s leadership to rule without being challenged by potential Hubbard-claimants.

Efficiency Measures of Logistics Sector in Aizawl City, Mizoram: An Empirical Evidence

Due to the differences in resource endowments and production capabilities of different regions, goods that people want to consume cannot always be produced where people want to consume them. Or these goods may not be accessible when people want to consume them. Efficiency measures the level to which logistics sectors utilise available resources. Efficiency is particularly important for logistics sector as the main purpose of their effort is to reduce time and cost of moving products from manufacturers to consumers using available infrastructures. The core components of key indicators of logistics sector in Aizawl City, Mizoram were analysed, such as cost efficiency, ease of obtaining official clearances, ease of payment, ease of reimbursement, infrastructure, use of information technology and innovations. The respondents then rank their logistics providers on the above parameters from 1 to 5; 1 being very low and 5 being very high. To measure the overall performance of logistics sector, product heads (industry-wise) were also selected in order to include wide and varied logistics provider. The product heads selected were clothing items, consumption goods and confectionaries, consumer durables, electronics, hardware items, medicine, raw materials for industries including semi finished products, vegetables, fish and meat, vehicles, spare parts and machineries. Sample size of 45 respondents was selected for this survey, 5 respondents for each item head or industry. And the results were then analyzed using mathematical tools like mean, average, percentage, etc. which was finally used to analyse the efficiency of logistics sector in Aizawl city, Mizoram.

Defining rolled metal performance for cold bolt upsetting (bolt head)

Hardware items are one of the products for mass consumption. Rolled metal for cold forging shall have the required ductility, uniform mechanical characteristics along the mill length, corresponding chemical composition and shall be free from internal or superficial defects. Standard mechanical characteristics have been reviewed in this document and fracture criteria of calibrated rolled steel 40X have been calculated after its isothermal treatment at different temperatures in nitre bath and subsequent drawing with different deformation degrees. Comparison of synergy fracture criteria showed that rolled stock, treated as per the proposed conditions: bath patenting at the temperature of 400°C and drawing with reduction rate of 5% and 10%, are more preferable, comparing to processing conditions, existing in the industry.

Optimal setup of a multihead weighing machine

Multihead weighing machines are ubiquitous in industry for fast and accurate packaging of a wide variety of foods and vegetables, small hardware items and office supplies. These machines consist of a system of multiple hoppers that are filled with product which when discharged through a funnel fills a package to a desired weight. Operating the machine requires first to specify the product weight targets or setpoints that each hopper should contain on average in each cycle, which do not need to be identical. The setpoints selection has a major impact on the performance of a multihead weighing machine. Each cycle, the machine fills a package running a built-in knapsack algorithm that opens – or leaves shut – different combinations of hoppers releasing their content such that the total package weight is near to its target, minimizing the amount of product “given away”. In this paper, we address the open problem for industry of how to determine the setpoint weights for each of the hoppers before starting up the machine, given a desired total package weight. An order statistic formulation based on a characterization of near-optimal solutions is presented. This is shown to be computationally intractable, and a faster heuristic that utilizes a lower bound approximation of the expected smallest order statistic is proposed instead. The solutions obtained with the proposed methods can result in substantial savings for users of multihead weighing machines. Alternatively, the analysis presented could be used by management to justify the acquisition of new machines of this type.

Low-Cost Treatment of Rolled Products Used to Make Long High-Strength Bolts

The set of structural-mechanical properties of steel 40X has been optimized in preparation for the cold upsetting of long high-strength bolts. The properties were optimized by analyzing different factors that determine the quality of the sized rolled products used for the production of hardware items by cold upsetting. An efficient method was developed to prepare steel 40X rolled products with diameters of 9.65 and 11.7 mm and a 9.8 strength rating for the production of long high-strength short-head bolts without having to quench and temper the products. The low-waste technology that is proposed for preparation of the rolled products replaces spheroidizing annealing with the isothermal process of patenting. Such a substitution reduces energy and labor costs while improving the environmental characteristics of the production process and the reliability of bolted products. It also eliminates the formation of quench cracks, obviates the need for knurling the products, reduces the danger of the formation of defects on the threads, and lowers the cost of making long bolts. These changes in turn make it possible to shorten the production process and reduce the cost of producing high-strength bolts.

FUNCTION-TARGET ANALYSIS AS THE METHOD OF PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS STRUCTURING OF METALWARE

The paper is devoted to the analysis of one of the main concepts of quality metering – item properties. The authors give the classification of item properties, as well as, provide the possibility to describe the property structure of the estimated object from the point of view of the definition of the functions of different levels. The analysis of the properties of hardware items have been carried out. On the basis of this analysis it has been offered to define the notion «function». The notion «item consuming phase» has been introduced on the basis of functional analysis concept of item properties. It has been offered to introduce the constructive definition of hardware quality as a degree of item performance – a transport one, as well as, assembly and service ones. The system of analysis methods of hardware quality on the basis of the item function research over a period of its consumer phase is the essence of functional analysis. On the basis of this approach the algorithm of complex quantitative quality assessment has been approved. The developed approach differs with the concretization of the life-cycle stage, multilevel structure of the researched functions, as well as, the examination of one material body as the system of properties, revealed themselves in different ways, in dependence on target status condition. It allows positioning the function-target analysis as the original method of studying function and property structures of metalware.

Exercise Countermeasure Hardware Evolution on ISS: The First Decade.

The hardware systems necessary to support exercise countermeasures to the deconditioning associated with microgravity exposure have evolved and improved significantly during the first decade of the International Space Station (ISS), resulting in both new types of hardware and enhanced performance capabilities for initial hardware items. The original suite of countermeasure hardware supported the first crews to arrive on the ISS and the improved countermeasure system delivered in later missions continues to serve the astronauts today with increased efficacy. Due to aggressive hardware development schedules and constrained budgets, the initial approach was to identify existing spaceflight-certified exercise countermeasure equipment, when available, and modify it for use on the ISS. Program management encouraged the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, or hardware previously developed (heritage hardware) for the Space Shuttle Program. However, in many cases the resultant hardware did not meet the additional requirements necessary to support crew health maintenance during long-duration missions (3 to 12 mo) and anticipated future utilization activities in support of biomedical research. Hardware development was further complicated by performance requirements that were not fully defined at the outset and tended to evolve over the course of design and fabrication. Modifications, ranging from simple to extensive, were necessary to meet these evolving requirements in each case where heritage hardware was proposed. Heritage hardware was anticipated to be inherently reliable without the need for extensive ground testing, due to its prior positive history during operational spaceflight utilization. As a result, developmental budgets were typically insufficient and schedules were too constrained to permit long-term evaluation of dedicated ground-test units ("fleet leader" type testing) to identify reliability issues when applied to long-duration use. In most cases, the exercise unit with the most operational history was the unit installed on the ISS.

Vaginal Hysterectomy Simulation

BACKGROUND: There has been a decrease in the number of vaginal hysterectomy cases. Surgical simulation provides the opportunity for obstetrics and gynecology residents to familiarize themselves with the surgical technique needed to safely and efficiently perform a vaginal hysterectomy. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to train residents using a cost effectively built vaginal hysterectomy simulator. METHODS: A low cost vaginal hysterectomy simulator, made of inexpensive hardware and household items (including wood, cardboard, a plastic tube, cloth, springs, screws, and tape) was constructed. Before the 2 hour simulation lab, each resident reviewed pelvic anatomy and surgical steps of the procedure. Residents performed simulated vaginal hysterectomies under the supervision of gynecologist attending. RESULTS: In the debriefing session after the 2 hours simulation lab, 100% of the residents attested that the simulator effectively mimicked the surgical performance on a patient. Innovations such as incising the stretched cloth to simulate peritoneal cavity entry, rope attached from the uterus to the side wall to simulate utero-sacral ligaments, and laterally placed springs to simulate the stretch of the broad ligament with traction were especially valuable. CONCLUSION: The vaginal hysterectomy simulator will provide a number of benefits to our residents and program including: 1) cost-effective training—low cost and easily constructed simulator and 2) a low stress learning environment for residents to ask questions and address any concerns about the procedure.

E-loyalty and Business to Business (B2B) E-Commerce Success: Applied Study on Sample of E-Retailers in Amman City, Jordan

This research paper investigates the antecedents and consequences of customer loyalty in an online business-to-business e-commerce context. Moreover, this research identifies two key factors of e-loyalty (attitudinal and behavioral loyalty) that potentially impact business to business e-commerce success within e-retailers in Amman city. Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to develop a comprehensive research model utilized for discovering the impact of E-Loyalty on B2B EC Success by applying an empirical Study on Sample of E-Retailers in Amman City. A simple model summarizing the main variables of research then the developing a conceptual model of study that integrates and explains the relationship between e-loyalty as main factor and effect of its associated dimensions. Data analysis was based on 105 participates e-retailers who are working in electric home appliances and Computers hardware, software sector, the data analysis was based on multivariate statistical techniques encompassing Cronbach’s Alpha (α) to test reliability, Percentage and frequencies, descriptive analysis to describe the sample, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression via using SPSS analysis software. The results of this study confirm that there is a positive significant and strong effect of E-Loyalty (EL) on (B2B EC) success, as well as provided important information to Jordanian online Suppliers that are working in Amman city and their business focused on Electric Home Appliances and Computers Hardware and Software items.

India Exports to LAC: An Analysis of Export Performance of India for Doing Business with Brazil

The study has displayed a far reaching picture of Indian fare to LAC in extraordinary reference with Brazil. With current GDP (PPP) per capita is $12, 528 in 2014 placing Brazil in the 77th position. Brazil has driving degree with the products, including agrarian gear, building and development, aviation and flying, wellbeing and security gadgets, IT, oil and gas, therapeutic hardware, wearing merchandise, natural innovations, retail, and transportation. Brazil is likewise a vital destination for India's fares of electrical and electronic hardware, cotton, and pharmaceutical items. The study recognized that Brazilian market has space for Indian items. Accordingly, this paper intended to show the India's fare execution, trade opportunities and market passage methodologies with Brazil's import estimate in respects of working with Brazil.

Characterization of ship breaking industry in Bangladesh

Dismantling (or “breaking”) of ships invigorates global shipping by replacing older ships and recycling or reusing as much as 95 % of their materials. Recently, Bangladesh is dominating global ship breaking. Here, we aimed basically at expounding the inflows of the ship breaking industry (SBI) in Bangladesh from the perspectives of origin, types, and lifespan of dismantled ships in order to develop a better understanding of this industry. The inflows in SBI have been increasing and the tonnage dismantled rose to a record high of 2,308,525 LDT (light displacement tonnage) in 2009. Interestingly, ships dismantled in Bangladesh were relatively younger having the mean age of 27 years. Of the outflows from ships dismantled, reusable/recyclable steel comprised 85 % of the total weight of ships; the rest were machinery, hardware, fittings, and consumable items. The major hurdle we faced was the unwillingness of stakeholders in disclosing available but relevant information due to widespread suspicion. We suggest that keeping organized records and their disclosure is critical to developing a comprehensive understanding of this industry. We are hopeful that this research will pave the path for continued objective scientific investigations into the contributions, both positive and negative, as well as the evolution of SBI in Bangladesh.

Not-so-humble Raspberry Pi gets big ideas

As the Raspberry Pi celebrates its first birthday, designs intended for the hobbyist are getting mainstream attention from developers of 'grown up' applications. Few items of electronic hardware have engendered quite as much enthusiasm as the compact, single-board computer developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the aim of encouraging basic computer science in schools. Had it had been for sale in shops, the queues would probably have outstripped those around Apple stores in the earlier days of the iPhone and iPad. The Pi - and other hardware like it - is reinvigorating the world of electronic design; but the project started out with fairly limited ambitions, with its founders hoping that it would simply fill a gap in education. As the Raspberry Pi celebrates its first birthday - and one million units shipped - there are several indications that its value is being readily exploited by developers of 'grown up' products who see it as a cheap (circa £25) and effective way of getting compute power into a range of commercial-class solutions requirements.