Hard Tissues Of Oral Cavity Research Articles

Foreign Bodies in Soft and Hard Tissues of Oral Cavity: A Report of three Cases

Encountering foreign bodies in orofacial region is a rare entity. Children are usually more prone to such accidents especially in anterior region with open pulp chambers or root canals. Frequently these foreign bodies are embedded in the oral cavity either due to iatrogenic reasons or traumatically producing various types of reactions ranging from pain to abscess and fistula. Most common foreign bodies noted in the oral cavity include amalgam obturating materials broken instruments needles pins paper clips beads pencil tips etc. Case history clinical evaluation and radiographic investigations play a key role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This paper presents three uncommon cases of embedded foreign bodies in oral cavity in adult patients. The foreign particles presented here included broken bur piece stapler pin and a piece of steel wire.

Distribution and molecular characterisation of Lactobacilli in the oral cavity of children.

Dental caries is a chronic and multifactorial disease mainly caused by microorganisms that are accumulated on soft and hard tissues of oral cavity. Lactobacillus is one of that kind, produces acid after metabolic breakdown of dietary sugar and reduces the pH of oral environment, resulting in teeth demineralisation or dental caries. The present study focuses on the distribution and characterisation of lactobacilli in the oral cavity of children which are associated with dental caries formation. Total 116 swab samples were collected from different age groups of children by swabbing the caries surface of teeth. Physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Lactobacillus were analysed. Whole cell protein profiling using SDS-PAGE was also performed for their characterisation. Molecular characterisation of selected isolates was done using 16S-rRNA sequencing for identification. Total 269 isolates were successfully isolated and identified by physiological and biochemical tests according to Bergey's Manual Systematic Bacteriology, which belongs to the seven species of Lactobacillus i.e., L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii, L. helveticus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius. All the isolates were further differentiated by whole cell proteins profiling and species level identification was done by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing method. The present study, suggested that the occurrence of the species of Lactobacillus changes with the age of the individual, but L. rhamnosus (20.54%) and L. acidophilus (18.21%) were abundantly found in age group of 3-12 yr which could be the possible causative agent of dental caries formation in the children of Central India.

Improvement of dental health in professional athletes engaged in power sports

Aim. Evaluation of dental diseases prevalence in professional athletes engaged in power sports and of the influence of biologically neutral products based on propolis on the level of their dental health. 
 Methods. The examination of organs and tissues of the oral cavity of professional athletes engaged for a long time in power sports was carried out. With the use of the developed specialized questionnaire dental status of the athletes was determined. Based on the analysis of the results of clinical and laboratory studies anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effectiveness of products based on propolis were evaluated. 
 Results. The results of the survey showed that not all athletes are informed about the possibility of aggravation of pathological processes in soft and hard tissues of oral cavity during active training, mainly, in power sports. Lack of awareness of surveyed athletes about the need for timely individual oral hygiene procedures and regular dentist visits was revealed, especially during intense training before and after competitions. On evaluation of dental status of professional combat athletes high prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal disease and caries were found. High anti-inflammatory efficiency of the product «Pomegranate Balm» for correction of dental status of professional athletes was proven. 
 Conclusion. High incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases of mild to moderate severity was revealed in athletes during prolonged and intense physical training; efficacy of biologically neutral products based on propolis was established.

In Vitro Assessment of the Composition and Microhardness of the Hard Tissues of Oral Cavity Submitted To Gamma Irradiation

Introduction: Clinical radiotherapy is one of the most important techniques for the treatment of malignant lesions in head and neck; however, exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to both systemic and local complications, immediately and after this treatment, where the main issue is the xerostomia and its consequent oral mucositis. Regarding late complications produced by radiation, decay of radiation and osteoradionecrosis, both dosedependent lesions, showed a high level of incidence in recent decades and it would be difficult to manage, although patients referred after treatment’s completion and under the influence of local factors. Methodology: Then, This study evaluated the effect of ionizing radiation from gamma source onto samples of enamel, root dentin and jawbone samples undergone to the same absorbed dose / dose rate that those in patients with head and neck cancer. The non-irradiated and irradiated samples were analyzed by microhardness surface analysis; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Results and discussion: Microhardness data were analyzed statistically with a confidence level of 95% (p value <0.05%), using parametric Student’s t-test for related averages and ANOVA statistical test, finding a statistically significant result (p = 0.00) to all four groups samples. Conclusion: It was observed a high deleterious and statistical significant effect of gamma radiation on hard tissues from oral cavity, regarding to physical, compositional and morphological properties.

ATR-FTIR Assessment of the Biochemical Composition and Micro Hardness of the Hard Tissues of Oral Cavity Submitted to Gamma Irradiation

Back ground: Clinical radiotherapy is one of the most important techniques for the treatment of malignant lesions in head and neck; however, exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to both systemic and local complications, immediately and after this treatment, where the main issue is the xerostomia and its consequent oral mucositis. Regarding late complications produced by radiation, decay of radiation and osteoradionecrosis, both dosedependent lesions, showed a high level of incidence in recent decades and it would be difficult to manage, although patients referred after treatment’s completion and under the influence of local factors. Methodology: Then, this study evaluated the effect of ionizing radiation from gamma source onto samples of enamel, root dentin and jawbone samples undergone to the same absorbed dose/dose rate that those in patients with head and neck cancer. The non-irradiated and irradiated samples were analyzed by microhardness surface analysis; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR). Results and Discussion: Microhardness data were analyzed statistically with a confidence level of 95% (p value <0.05%), using parametric Student’s t-test for related averages and ANOVA statistical test, finding a statistically significant result (p=0.00) to all four groups samples. Conclusion: It was observed a high deleterious and statistical significant effect of gamma radiation on hard tissues from oral cavity, regarding to physical, compositional and morphological properties.