Haplaquept Soil Research Articles

Integrated nutrient management on yield and quality parameters of rapeseed (Brassica Campestris L.) grown in a typic Haplaquept soil

A field experiment was conducted in a Typic Haplaquept soil of West Bengal, India to study the influence of combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on yield and quality parameters of Rapeseed (Brassica Campestris L. Var. Yellow Sarson). Recommended doses of N, P and K were applied to all the treated plots (5m X 4m). FYM was applied at 5 ton ha-1 to all the plots except control. Two doses of S (20 and 40kgha-1) and two doses of B (0.5 and 1.0 kgha-1) were included in the treatment combinations. Rhizosphere soil and plant samples were collected at branching, pod formation and harvesting stages of rapeseed. Rhizosphere soil were analyzed for available S and B content. Plant samples were also analyzed for S and B uptake following standard methods. Results of the present investigation revealed that in general, the amount of S and B in soil decreased with increase in the period of crop growth. Comparatively higher uptake of S and B were recorded by rapeseed crop which received recommended doses of N, P and K (RDF) along with organic matter as well as higher doses of S and B (T9). Highest seed yield (13.79%) as well as oil (42.57%) and protein contents (21.76%) over control were recorded in rapeseed which received RDF along with organic matter as well as higher doses of S and B (T9). Furthermore, it is noteworthy to mention that the application of organic matter along with S and B increased oil and protein content in rapeseed significantly.

Influence of combined application of organic and inorganic amendments on nutrient status in a typic Haplaquept soil of West Bengal

Balanced nutrition based on soil test value is the key to sustain and improve soil productivity. Integrated management of organic, secondary and micronutrient inputs along with inorganic fertilizers in soils is required to prevent decline in soil fertility, crop productivity and sustainability. In present investigation is conducted to study the influence of farmyard manure (FYM), sulphur and zinc along with inorganic NPK fertilizers either alone or in combination on the nutrient availability in soil. Results revealed that use of FYM increased the organic carbon content and availability of nutrients over soil alone and soil treated with only inorganic fertilizers. Results further revealed that the beneficial effects of FYM got enhanced when it is applied along with S and Zn.

Dynamics of sulphur in a typic haplaquept soil in relation to rapeseed

Dynamics of sulphur in a typic haplaquept soil in relation to rapeseed

Integrated nutrient management of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson) grown in a typic haplaquept soil

The present investigation was conducted to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on fertility build up in a Typic Haplaquept soil as well as its effect on yield and quality parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson). Treatments comprised of recommended doses of N, P and K fertilizers (RDF) in presence and absence of FYM along with different doses of S and Zn either alone or in combination. Results revealed that in general, available N, P, K, S and Zn in soil decreased with increase in the period of crop growth. Addition of FYM increased organic carbon content in soils (upto 104.98 g kg-1increase over initial value). Application of elemental S and Zn-EDTA increased SO4-2 content (upto 101.03 kg ha-1 increase over initial value) in S-treated and DTPA extractable Zn content (upto 0.3 mg kg-1 increase over initial value) in Zn-treated systems respectively. Combined application of higher doses of S and Zn along with FYM and recommended doses of N, P and K fertilizers increased N, P, K, S and Zn uptake by rapeseed crop. Highest seed yield (14.2 q ha-1) as well as oil (43.2 %) and protein contents (21.82 %) were recorded in rapeseed which received comparatively higher doses of S and Zn along with FYM and RDF.

Eight-year long potassium fertilization effects on quantity/intensity relationship of soil potassium under double rice cropping

Present research was undertaken to understand the effect of long-term potassium (K) fertilization @ 0kg (K0) and 80kg (K80)Kha−1 on the quantity/intensity (Q/I) parameters for K in soil and characterize the Aeric Haplaquept soil for K supplying capacity under long-term continuous rice cropping. The study involved laboratory experiments on Q/I parameters of the soils in different depths (0–75cm depth) from long-term K management experimental field. The Q/I parameters showed a linear relationship for both K omission and K fertilized soils at different depths. Omission of K decreased the equilibrium K concentration ratio (CR0K) compared to K applied to the soil and slightly decreased the labile K (KL) and non-specifically available K (-ΔK0) but had no effect on specifically available K (KX). The K omission increased the potential buffering capacity (PBCK) compared to K fertilized soil. Potassium management had little effect on equilibrium exchangeable K (EK0), magnitude of the conversion of added K to exchangeable pool (α) and non-exchangeable pool (β). However, equilibrium solution K (CK0) in K omission soil was lower than K applied soil. β was higher than α in both the K management conditions. The PBCK for non-exchangeable pool was also higher than exchangeable pool both in K omission and K fertilized soils. Potassium management influenced critical solution K (CKr) and critical exchangeable K (EKr) but had no effect on minimum exchangeable K (Emin). Since the exchangeable K (EK), EKr and EK0 is very close to Emin it is concluded that EKr and Emin should be consider in interpreting the K fertility specially the EK of soil under long-term wetland double rice cultivation.

Potassium balance as influenced by farmyard manure application under continuous soybean–wheat cropping system in a Typic Haplaquept

The effect of 30 years of continuous cropping, fertilization and manuring on the potassium (K) balances, the soil K pools and the non-exchangeable K release in a Typic Haplaquept soil from Almora, India under a rainfed soybean–wheat cropping system were investigated. The apparent K balance was measured as the difference between the total K added and that removed by the crops. The results showed that the total removal of K by the crops exceeded the amount of total K applied to the soil in all the treatments showing a net negative K balance. This ranged from 3.7 in the plots under NK to 81.7 kg ha − 1 year − 1 in the N + FYM treated plots. Continuous annual application of recommended doses of NPK + 10 t FYM (NPK + FYM) to soybean resulted in an accumulation (+ 56 kg K ha − 1 ) of exchangeable K (1 N NH 4OAc extractable K) in the 0–45 cm soil depth over the study period, despite the highest average annual uptake of K by the system (150.8 kg ha − 1 year −1). However, there was a net depletion of exchangeable K (− 80 kg K ha − 1 ) in that soil depth under the NPK treated plots. The results also revealed that the content of non-exchangeable K decreased substantially from 3482 kg ha − 1 to 2677 and 2896 kg ha − 1 in the 0–45 cm soil layer after 30 years of cropping in the plots under NPK + FYM and NPK treatments, respectively. There was a significant decline in total soil K with the removal of non-exchangeable soil K in the surface (0–15 cm) soil layer ( R 2 = 0.526, P < 0.001, n = 36). Thus, long-term application of non-revised recommended fertilizer rates may threaten sustainability of the rainfed continuous soybean–wheat system.

Yield and phosphorus efficiency of some lowland rice varieties at different levels of soil‐available phosphorus

A field experiment was conducted on an Aerie Haplaquept soil to study the effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil on the P nutrition and yield of five modern varieties of rice, viz., Purbachi, BR1, BR3, BR14, and BR29, popular with the rice farmers of Bangladesh. Soil‐available P in the different plots of the experimental field varied widely, from 2.8 to 16.4 ppm. This plot to plot variation in soil‐available P content resulted from differences in the total amounts (0 to 480 kg ha‐1) of P the plots had received over a period of 8 years in a long‐term P fertilizer trial conducted previously in the same field. Phosphorus deficiency in soil drastically reduced the grain yield of all the rice varieties. In severely P deficient plots, where soil‐available P was around 3 ppm, the yield was less than 1 ton ha‐1 while in plots containing an adequate P level, i.e., >6 ppm, the yield was more than 41 ha‐1. Rice yield increased linearly with an increase in soil P content up to 6 ppm, and the highest grain yield for any variety, obtained at 6–7 ppm of soil‐available P leveled off at this point. Soil P deficiency not only decreased rice yield severely but also decreased P content in straw and grain drastically. However, differences among rice varieties were noted in P nutrition, particularly at low soil P levels. The rice varieties differed markedly also in respect of internal P efficiency. The BR29 showed the highest internal P efficiency both at low and high soil P levels. In all the rice varieties, internal P efficiency decreased with an increase in soil P levels.

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Groundwater Nitrate Removal in a Riparian Forest

AbstractWe quantified nitrate (NO−3) removal rates from groundwater in a red maple (Acer rubrum L.) riparian forest subjected to NO−3 dosing. The site was in Southern New England on soils classified as sandy mixed mesic Haplaquept soils and contained somewhat poorly (SPD) and poorly drained (PD) soils. The specific objectives were to examine groundwater NO−3 removal rates within a riparian forest with respect to: (i) soil drainage class; (ii) depth below water table; and (iii) time of year. We created 16 experimental dosing/monitoring stations at two depths along three soil drainage class transects (SPD, SPD/PD, PD). We added solution containing NO−3 and Br− continuously for 11 mo to a dosing well at each station. Groundwater was monitored at sampling wells 0.6 m downgradient of the dosing well. Nitrate removal rates were determined by coupling changes in the NO−3/Br− ratio with groundwater flux estimates from each experimental station. Although located just 20 m downgradient, the PD transects had substantially higher NO−3 removal rates and lower dissolved oxygen than the SPD transects. Both the SPD/PD and PD transects had considerable NO−3‐N removal capacity throughout the upper 1.5 m of the groundwater (16–46 µg kg−1 d−1). Rates were not significantly influenced by temperature. The scale of variation in removal rates suggests that high resolution soil and groundwater maps may be needed when riparian forests are to be used for water quality management.

Factors Influencing Soil Structural Stability within a Growing Season

AbstractTemporal fluctuations in soil structural stability within cropping treatments are often as large as differences between crops during the growing season. The relative importance of soil moisture, roots, and microbial biomass as factors contributing to this variation were investigated. Research was conducted on a fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Eutrochrept intergrading to a fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquept soil near Elora, ON. Six perennial forage treatments, established 2 yr previously, were compared with spring‐seeded conventional and zero‐till corn (Zea mays L.). The plow layer of each cropping treatment was sampled at monthly intervals. A combination of wet sieving and turbidimetry was used to provide a rapid assessment of wet aggregate stability (WAS) and dispersible clay (DC), respectively. On average, the forages had significantly less DC and greater WAS than the two corn treatments. Structural stability was found to decrease with increasing soil water content (r = 0.80 for DC and r = 0.74 for Was, both significant at P = 0.01). The corn soil experienced less extreme drying in the spring. Stepwise multiple‐regression analyses selected soil moisture and microbial biomass (in that order) as significant predictors of structural stability within the growing season. Using both parameters, it was possible to explain up to 85% of the temporal variation in DC and WAS on a by‐treatment basis.

Low efficiency of manganese fertilization of soybeans on a haplaquept soil

Abstract Manganese deficiency is frequently encountered in soybeans (Glycine Max. L., Merrill) on naturally high pH, fine textured, poorly drained soils (Vertic Haplaquept) in Kentucky. Information is needed for diagnosing deficient fields by soil tests and on the efficiency of Mn fertilizer applied to these soils. At two locations where Mn deficiency had occurred, MnSO4 was applied at annual rates up to 360 and 600 kg of Mn/ha. At site 1, where DTPA extractable Mn averaged 5.9 pg/g on untreated soil with pH of 7.4, seed yields were increased significantly in 1977 and over the three‐year period by Mn fertilization. Yields were unaffected by treatment at site 2, where extractable Mn averaged 5.8 pg/g and pH was 6.3. Concentrations of Mn in trifoliates of plants growing in untreated soil averaged 15–16 pg/g for three of the five site‐years. However, there were apparent seasonal effects of climate on Mn availability in certain years which resulted in Mn levels of 24–29 pg/g in trifoliates of plants growing i...

Soybean Response to Different Planting Patterns and Dates1,3

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response to narrow rows (less than 50 cm apart) has been inconsistent in the southern United States. However, a more positive response has been documented in the North Central USA. Lack of suitable herbicides for controlling weeds in narrow row soybeans in the South has slowed acceptance of this practice. Development of more effective herbicides has made narrow row soybean production feasible.Earlier planting dates can take advantage of favorable soil moisture conditions. Soybean plantings following wheat [Triticitm aestivum (L.) em. Thell.] harvest often do not close the crop canopy between rows before flowering when planted in rows 92 cm or more apart. Experiments were conducted in 1978 and 1979 (Vertic Haplaquept soils) to determine the effects of row spacings, broadcast seeding, planting dates, and soybean cultivars on yield and other plant characters.Seed yield was affected by row spacing or methods, planting dates, years, and planting dates x years. Cultivars and the cultivar x planting method interaction were not significant for yield but none of the cultivars used in the study had been selected for narrow row conditions. The 18 and 48 cm row widths produced 15% higher seed yields than the conventional 96 cm row spacing. Mean yields across row spacings (including broadcast planting) and cultivars for the 15 July planting date were less than 50% of the April or May plantings. The cultivar x planting date interaction was large for percent seed protein because the late planted Forrest cultivar was significantly lower in percent protein compared to earlier planted Forrest. Pods per plant were significantly associated with yield in 1979 but not in 1978.