Handover In Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Research Articles

Analysis of Mobility Management for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Analysis of Mobility Management for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Authentication based on blind signature and ring signature algorithms during vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks

In the present 4G era, with the help of vertical handover (VHO), mobility and handover management are handled effectively across heterogeneous network as seamless and ubiquitous connections. The decision making process of VHO selects the best optimal access point. The research proposes a three tier model for handover and proposes two authentication algorithms, based on blind and ring signature, used during execution of VHO. The VHO model is developed in such a way that multiple parameters are used in every stage which includes selection of candidate networks during discovery, mathematical based decision making and authenticated execution. The network system allows the connections to be switched fairly without break or loss of QoS by properly combining the handover execution with a fair authentication procedure. This reduces unfairness and repudiation coming from distrusted network users. Our proposed model ensures continuous quality service through VHO bringing the solution in terms of correctness and efficiency.

An Experimental Cross-Layer Approach to Improve the Vertical Handover Procedure in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Users of next generation wireless devices will be likely to move across a heterogeneous network environment. Thiswill give them the possibility to always exploit the best connection to the global Internet. In order to keep a seamless connection, the handover between different access technologies, also known as vertical handover, must be as smooth as possible. The current evolution of network architectures toward an all-IP core favours the use of the Mobile IPv6 protocol to handle such handovers. However, this protocol still presents several drawbacks, mainly related to the assumption of static devices and wired connections. Hence we have designed and implemented a software module that exploits information from the lower layers (e.g. physical) to extend the capabilities of Mobile IPv6 to wireless environments. We have then evaluated both the plain Mobile IPv6 and our proposed implementation over an experimental testbed. The outcome of the assessment proves the effectiveness of our solution and reveals the possibility to perform a seamless vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks.

ABC-PSO for vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks

Cloud computing is currently emerging quickly as a client-server technology structure and, currently, providing distributed service applications. However, given the availability of a diverse range of wireless access technologies, people expect continuous connection to the most suitable technology that matches price affordability and performance goals. Among the main challenges of modern communication is the accessibility to wireless networks using mobile devices, with a high service quality (QoS) based on preferences of the users. Past literatures contain several heuristic approaches that use simplified rules to look for the best network that is available. Nevertheless, attributes of mobile devices need algorithms that are quick and effective in order to select best available network near real-time. This study proposes a hybrid intelligent handover decision algorithm primarily founded on two main heuristic algorithms: Artificial Bee Colony or ABC as well as Particle Swarm Optimization or PSO named ABC-PSO to select best wireless network during vertical handover process. The ABC-PSO algorithm has been optimized to achieve small cost function that are powered using the IEEE 802.21 standard taking into account different available wireless networks, the application requirements and the user preferences to improve QoS. Numerical results demonstrate that the ABC-PSO algorithm compared to the related work has lower cost and delay, higher available bandwidth and less number of handover.

Efficient Algorithm for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Mobile Network

This paper present the new idea of Vertical handover for heterogeneous Wireless Networks, based on different parameters values i.e, available Bandwidth, received signal strength, mean number of request per unit time, mean number of calls served per unit time, power deception, power consumption, network condition, duration for mobile station to present in network .Three network selected for the handover, the vertical handover is take place at best resulted network between the available networks. In this article, provoked with facts and figure which done by vertical handoff procedure on mobile nodes But the crucial parameters which is battery power may also consider highly for certain mobile nodes, call blocking probability of networks are define to make decision for network with good quality, for the proposed algorithm experiment results are shown between the available networks and parameters, graphically illustrate the vertical handover to the specific network.

Seamless Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network Using Cognitive Advisor Based Decision Making Algorithm

An important and modern trend in wireless network is managing and accessing in heterogeneous wireless networks structures effectively. Vertical handover or handoff technology is major and acting vital role in wireless communication, it has key challenging issues in wireless network, while handover gets call drop kind of latency and call quality minimization. So the communication networks needs an efficient and dynamic services and knowledge monitoring management to select network for handover of different network environments (example: WiMAX, WiFi, WLAN, etc.). In this paper we proposed the concepts of knowledgeable monitoring (KM-method), cognitive advisor (CA) and Advanced Handover Optimization (AHO) technique to improve effective network selection for seamless communication, while travels over heterogeneous wireless networks (HWN). KM-method monitoring and manage effective network selection and holding connected mobile nodes inform header files also maintaining re-initiate to next network information (network IP address, user ID, new path, etc.). CAVHO-Cognitive Advisor based Vertical Handover (VSH and V2H) and KM-methods perform and measures velocity and direction of mobility nodes through SRSS sequential Received Strength Signal. Also CA receives the nearest networks details of each another using nearest neighbouring concept with SDT ratio Algorithm. Optimization technique (AHO) performs dynamically balancing the threshold level of speed, load and quality based on Receiving signal strength and user preference. Simulation results of CAVHO Shows it secure and increases the handover probability of access also proposed system reduce delay and improve quality of services and throughput.

Complexity–consistency trade‐off in multi‐attribute decision making for vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks

The future wireless communication systems require an intelligent and service adaptive network selection to perform vertical handover (HO) in heterogeneous environments. Since multiple parameters are considered to select the best suitable network, reducing the complexity in multi-attribute decision making algorithm becomes apparent. In the proposed scheme, fuzzy logic controllers are used to estimate the necessity of HO and to determine the user satisfaction degree based on the critical parameters, such as mobile terminal speed, network load and service cost. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the weights of each attribute according to the traffic. Since it handles the uncertainty and vagueness in mapping the user preference to the priority scales, consistency level of network selection can be improved. Quality of service factor is calculated for each network by processing the weighted decision matrix using principal component analysis. Simulation results show that proposed scheme can ensure the best network selection by providing trade-off between complexity and consistency.

Extensive Performance Evaluation of Efficient Method for Vertical Handoff in Heterogeneous Networks

Handover during mobile communications is becoming the general task in heterogeneous wireless networks. To make handover efficient and faster without leaking data with less delay is prime objective. Since from last two decades, many on-going research studies presented to achieve these goals. Still many research works going on to claim more robust performance. In this paper presenting new method for vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. Taking vertical handoff decision plays significance role. In this paper the extensive simulation studies and performance evaluation for proposed work and comparing it against existing work. Here introduced the fuzzy rule based HMM (FR-HMM) technique for VHD. In addition to this, we further extended FR-HMM method in order to reduce latency and handover delay using concept of automatic authentication auditor (AAA). AAA helps FR-HMM to take speed decision about network selection to perform handover based on logs and history maintained at AAA. Core task of AAA is to minimize the time required for authentication in order to switch to another network using the scores computed for each network. The performance evaluation in done by considering different types of networks to form heterogeneous network such as WIFI, WIMAX, WLAN, UMTS etc. Two different network scenarios are considered one by varying mobility speed and another by varying packet size.

Knapsack--TOPSIS Technique for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network.

In a heterogeneous wireless network, handover techniques are designed to facilitate anywhere/anytime service continuity for mobile users. Consistent best-possible access to a network with widely varying network characteristics requires seamless mobility management techniques. Hence, the vertical handover process imposes important technical challenges. Handover decisions are triggered for continuous connectivity of mobile terminals. However, bad network selection and overload conditions in the chosen network can cause fallout in the form of handover failure. In order to maintain the required Quality of Service during the handover process, decision algorithms should incorporate intelligent techniques. In this paper, a new and efficient vertical handover mechanism is implemented using a dynamic programming method from the operation research discipline. This dynamic programming approach, which is integrated with the Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, provides the mobile user with the best handover decisions. Moreover, in this proposed handover algorithm a deterministic approach which divides the network into zones is incorporated into the network server in order to derive an optimal solution. The study revealed that this method is found to achieve better performance and QoS support to users and greatly reduce the handover failures when compared to the traditional TOPSIS method. The decision arrived at the zone gateway using this operational research analytical method (known as the dynamic programming knapsack approach together with Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) yields remarkably better results in terms of the network performance measures such as throughput and delay.

A Novel Model on Curve Fitting and Particle Swarm Optimization for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

The vertical handover mechanism is an essential issue in the heterogeneous wireless environments where selection of an efficient network that provides seamless connectivity involves complex scenarios. This study uses two modules that utilize the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to predict and make an intelligent vertical handover decision. In this paper, we predict the received signal strength indicator parameter using the curve fitting based particle swarm optimization (CF-PSO) and the RBF neural networks. The results of the proposed methodology compare the predictive capabilities in terms of coefficient determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE) based on the validation dataset. The results show that the effect of the model based on the CF-PSO is better than that of the model based on the RBF neural network in predicting the received signal strength indicator situation. In addition, we present a novel network selection algorithm to select the best candidate access point among the various access technologies based on the PSO. Simulation results indicate that using CF-PSO algorithm can decrease the number of unnecessary handovers and prevent the “Ping-Pong” effect. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the multiobjective particle swarm optimization based method finds an optimal network selection in a heterogeneous wireless environment.

Exploring the Open Problems and Future Trends Concerning Handovers in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: A Review

The advancements in the telecoms industry have led to the emergence of many new technologies to meet communication requirements worldwide. Consumers have largely been using GSM, CDMA and WiFi. New developments have given birth to more robust communication systems including WiMax and LTE. Lay users are not aware of the technicalities, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Therefore, there is a state of great confusion among the users of this generation as to which technology is the best for them to use. Each of these technologies has pros and cons over one another. For example, LTE covers a large area and offers the highest speed, but the user has to pay for it; however, WiFi covers only hotspots but the use is free. Future heterogeneous networks (HetNets) will enable users to achieve seamless connectivity through vertical handovers while providing them the beneficial features of each technology. For HetNets many issues still need to be addressed. This paper explores some of the open problems and future trends related to the handovers in heterogeneous wireless networks. The dynamics with respect to handovers and the network load of cellular architecture in the coming era in the field of wireless communications are also presented. In addition, first a foundation is laid on the IEEE media independent handover and its importance and then the problem of load balancing and its impact on the realization of future HetNets is explained. Finally, an important problem during vertical handovers, known as the ping-pong effect is explained. The open problems for researchers have been identified for the aforementioned issues.

Quality of Service during Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network

a cellular network, handoff is a process of transferring a mobile station (MS) from one base station (BS) or channel to another as the user is on the move. The handover process must take care of several parameters e.g. the handover scheme that is being used; number of free channels etc. The main objective of any handover scheme is to keep QoS up to the standard. If handover scheme fails, it leads to disruption or termination of an ongoing call which is not desirable. The quality of any network is defined by its Quality of Service (QOS) parameters and handoff scheme plays an important role in maintaining the standards of QOS. In this paper, when the user is on the move, the handoff mechanism is analyzed on the basis of received signal strength from two different base stations and results are plotted using the Matlab code.

Performance Evaluation of Signal Strength and Residual Time based Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Performance Evaluation of Signal Strength and Residual Time based Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

이기종 무선 네트워크에서 접근 네트워크 선택을 위한 AHP와 그룹 결정 방법

4세대 무선통신 환경에서, 가장 중요한 문제 중의 하나는 사용자들에게 적합한 접근 네트워크를 발견하고 선택하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 그룹결정기법을 이용한 새로운 네트워크 선택 메커니즘을 제안하고, 이종 네트워크 환경에서 수직 핸드오버를 위한 네트워크 선택 기법에 따른 영향을 분석한다. 비슷한 QoS 요구조건들을 갖는 사용자들의 그룹들이 동시에 이용할 수 있는 네트워크를 탐색하며, 한 서비스 영역은 여러 특성을 갖는 다수의 접근 네트워크들이 존재하는 경우를 고려한다. 비슷한 특성을 갖는 네트워크들을 그룹으로 묶어, 일차적으로 그룹간의 판별을 통해 적합한 그룹을 선택한 후, 그 그룹에서 네트워크 선택 알고리즘에 의한 네트워크 순위를 통해 최적의 네트워크를 선택해 준다. 제안된 시스템을 MADM 기법 중 GRA, SAW 그리고 TOPSIS 방법으로 비교 및 평가하였다. MATLAB 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 네트워크들의 특성과 사용자의 선호도에 따라 더욱 효과적인 선택을 할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. In the 4G wireless environment, one of the important issues is to discover and select an access network suited for users. In this thesis, we propose a new network selection mechanism using group decision making and evaluate the effect of network selection schemes for vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. We consider the group of users with similar QoS requirements search for the available access network simultaneously and a service area consist of multiple access networks with various characteristics. We divide the access networks with similar characteristics split into a group. Between each group, the one group is selected and within that group, the best access networks will be assigned according to priority order by network selection algorithm. We evaluate and compare the performance of three representative MADM schemes: GRA, SAW and TOPSIS. The MATLAB simulation results indicate the proposed algorithm can make a more effective choice according to the networks' characteristics and user's preference.

I Am 4 VHO: New Approach to Improve Seamless Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Two mechanisms have been proposed independently by IEEE and 3GPP; namely, Media Independent Handover (MIH) and Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF), respectively. These mechanisms enable a seamless Vertical Handover (VHO) between the different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP), such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), Wireless Fidelity (Wi- Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). In this paper, we overview these mechanisms and show their components, benefits and drawbacks. Then we present our Imperative Alternative MIH for Vertical Handover (I AM 4 VHO) approach based on the approaches that have been studied in the literature with better performance (packet loss and latency), less connection failure (probability of reject sessions), less complexity and more exhaustive for enhancing VHO heterogeneous wireless networks environment.

Social-connectivity-aware vertical handover for heterogeneous wireless networks

Vertical handover mechanism for a WLAN-cellular heterogeneous network could be made efficient with the use of context aware admission control strategy. Existing admission control methods aim to provide satisfactory quality of service, but rely solely on the availability of wireless resources in the target network. We propose that the admission control in WLAN should make use of social connectivity context of users in its coverage area to classify local and global traffic. In this paper, we introduce a novel Social-Connectivity-aware Vertical Handover (SCVH) scheme, which performs admission control using connectivity graph data from the online social networking services. A higher importance of visiting node for users resident in WLAN, advocates a higher priority for granting admission. We employ graph-theoretic concept of centrality to calculate the social importance of potential handing-over nodes. By giving handover precedence to higher-centrality nodes, we achieve an optimal allocation of wireless resources in addition to improved quality of service. The proposed handover strategy offers an additional advantage of reducing global social network traffic.

이기종망에서 글로벌 끊김 없는 핸드오버를 위한 P2P 기반 이동성 관리 프로토콜

본 논문에서는 이기종망에서 글로벌 끊김 없는 핸드오버를 지원하기 위한 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 기반 이동성 관리 프로토콜을 제시한다. IETF MIPv4/v6와 이를 확장한 이동성 관리 프로토콜과 같은 기존의 이동성 관리 프로토콜과는 달리, 제안된 프로토콜은 기존의 네트워크 인프라구조의 변경 없이 글로벌 끊김없는 핸드오버를 지원할 수 있다. 제안된 프로토콜의 아이디어는 이동성 관리를 위한 위치관리 기능은 패킷 전달 기능과 분리하였고, 패킷 전송을 위한 양방향 IP 터널링은 종단의 이동단말들 간에 동적으로 생성하는 것이다. 추가적으로, 핸드오버 도중에 발생하는 큰 핸드오버 지연시간 및 많은 패킷 손실을 줄이기 위해 IEEE 802.21 MIH (Media Independent Handover) 기능을 이용한 조기 핸드오버 기술을 개발하였다. 이를 위한 상세구조와 핸드오버 프로토콜을 설계하였고, 제안된 이동성 관리 프로토콜에 대한 성능분석을 위해, 수학적인 분석 및 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 이용한 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 핸드오버 지연시간 및 패킷 손실의 성능 면에서 제안된 이동성 관리 프로토콜은 기존의 IETF MIPv6와 HMIPv6에 비해 상당히 줄임을 입증하였다. In this article, we propose a P2P-based mobility management protocol for global seamless handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. Unlike previous mobility management protocols such as IETF MIPv4/6 and its variants, the proposed protocol can support global seamless handover without changing the existing network infrastructure. The idea of the proposed protocol is that the location management function for mobility management is separately supported from packet forwarding function, and bidirectional IP tunnels for packet transmission are dynamically constructed between two end-to-end mobile hosts. In addition, early handover techniques have been developed to avoid large handover delays and packet losses using the IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover functions. The architecture and signaling procedure of the proposed protocol have been designed in detail, and the mathematical analysis and simulation have been done for performance evaluation. The performance results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing MIPv6 and HMIPv6 in terms of handover latency and packet loss.

Handover Necessity Estimation for 4G Heterogeneous Networks

One of the most challenges of 4G network is to have a unified network of heterogeneous wireless networks. To achieve seamless mobility in such a diverse environment, vertical hand off is still a challenging problem. In many situations handover failures and unnecessary handoffs are triggered causing degradation of services, reduction in throughput and increase the blocking probability and packet loss. In this paper a new vertical handoff decision algorithm handover necessity estimation (HNE), is proposed to minimize the number of handover failure and unnecessary handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. we have proposed a multi criteria vertical handoff decision algorithm based on two parts: traveling time estimation and time threshold calculation. Our proposed methods are compared against two other methods: (a) the fixed RSS threshold based method, in which handovers between the cellular network and the WLAN are initiated when the RSS from the WLAN reaches a fixed threshold, and (b) the hysteresis based method, in which a hysteresis is introduced to prevent the ping-pong effect. Simulation results show that, this method reduced the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers up to 80% and 70%, respectively.

A Software Architecture for Network-Assisted Handover in IEEE 802.21

The IEEE 802.21 is a recent standard for enabling handover in heterogeneous wireless networks, which defines protocols and messages for mobile-to-node and node-to-node communication in a technology-neutral and flexible manner. The need arises because of the widespread diffusion of different technologies for wireless communications (e.g., WiFi, WiMAX, LTE), which are often coexisting in the same geographical area and supported by the same mobile device, but seldom interoperable. In this paper we propose the architecture of a Media Independent Information Service (MIIS) and the procedures for a network-assisted handover, which are left unspecified by the standard, aimed at reducing the energy consumption of mobile nodes due to scanning. A detailed description of the software modules involved and their interactions is included. Testbed results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution with COTS devices.

Review of Minimizing a Vertical Handover in a Heterogeneous Wireless Network

Nowadays many different types of networks communicate among themselves to form heterogeneous networks. Vertical handovers between them are required to supply ongoing internet access to mobile nodes who switch from one coverage area to another with different characteristics. Mobility management techniques between heterogeneous network are necessary to reduce latency time and professionally treat the insufficient radio access resources to indemnity specific quality of service. This paper reviews literatures that are related to minimizing a vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. This paper reviews literatures that are related to minimizing a vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks. This review investigated various handover management technologies for providing pure mobility between different access techniques such as GPRS, UMTS, and WI-FI. More of these solutions used mobile IP (MIP), transmission control protocol (TCP), stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and session initiation protocol (SIP) to support integration between WLAN and UMTS. From the review we conclude that SCTP is much more robust against packet loss and delay compared to TCP, SIP, and MIP. This fact makes SCTP a potential scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks.