Hand Wash Products Research Articles

THE STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI HAND WASH ADVERTISEMENTS DURING COVID-19

The study focused on style of advertising language used in Pakistani hand wash products’ audiovisual advertisements during COVID-19 to explore what is conveyed through visual, musical, verbal, and nonverbal features, and how it is conveyed to the target audience through the use of linguistic & figurative devices. Guy Cook’s (1992) model ‘describing TV advertisements’ recommended in his book discourse of advertising was used as a theoretical framework for the investigation of the link between verbal, visual, image, & music used in audiovisual advertisements to target audience. The findings showed that hand wash products’ advertisements were full of creativity and for marketing perspective they used diverse verbal and nonverbal features to arouse interest, attract attention, create conviction, stimulate desire, and get action from the target group in the COVID-19 context. The results offer significant information in extracting the desired outcomes and reaching the conclusion & making decision. In this drive, the study can be advantageous for those who want to understand the socio-pragmatic functions of language in AV advertisements through a stylistic lens from commercial to academic perspective.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cair dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tanaman Lahan Rawa Gambut Galam (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) dan Telang Ternate (Clitoria ternatea) bagi Siswa SMK 1 Palangka Raya

Soap on the market is purchased as a household necessity at a cheap or affordable cost. However, if you calculate the total cost of purchasing soap with the frequency of washing dishes and clothes for each family for an unlimited amount of time and for a long time, this will result in quite a large amount of expenditure for the family every month. Therefore, additional income is needed that can improve the family's economy. Based on this, the aim of implementing the community service program under the Community Entrepreneurial Assistant Lecturer Program (PDPWM) is to increase the insight and skills of students (i) SMKN 1 Palangka Raya regarding plants. local medicine typical of Central Kalimantan through counseling on the Introduction and Utilization of Local Medicinal Plants Typical of Central Kalimantan, namely the Galam Plant (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) as a fragrance and Ternate Telang (Clitoria ternatea) as a natural coloring in soap making. Training on making liquid hand-washing soap for students of SMKN 1 Palangka Raya has been successfully implemented. The output of this training is a liquid hand-washing soap product packaged in plastic bottles. Another result is the acquisition of knowledge regarding soap making along with the practices carried out by service activity participants

Exploring pH levels and environmental impacts on handwash products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

The human skin, with a pH of 4 to 6, serves as a barrier against external pathogens. Alkaline handwash products (HWPs) can compromise this barrier and are widely used following the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to determine the pH of a sample of HWPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and assess the effect of environmental factors on their pH. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study involved a convenience sample of 33 liquid soaps, soap bars, and synthetic detergents (Syndets) from various brands. The pH of the handwash products was measured using laboratory-validated techniques. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio 2022 software. Of the HWPs, 16 (48.5%) had a highly alkaline pH (≥10), while 14 (42.4%) had an acidic pH (4.0-6.9). Most liquid soaps were acidic (84.6%), with a mean pH of 5.9, whereas soap bars had a mean pH of 10.3. Syndets had a mean pH of 6.0. On average, liquid soaps and syndets offered a more physiological pH than soap bars. Liquid soaps were more affordable than synthetic detergents, making them a better value option among the three types of HWPs. Environmental factors such as exposure to hot weather did not have a significant impact on HWPs.

Are mild cleansers appropriate for hand hygiene in the COVID era? An in vitro investigation of the antiviral efficacy of different hand hygiene products

BackgroundWashing hands with soap and lukewarm water for 20 s is a fundamental measure advocated especially within the UK to help control the spread of viral disease. However, these practices can induce irritant contact dermatitis, particularly in healthcare professionals (HCPs). HCPs typically manage their condition by replacing soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizers with cleansers containing mild surfactants and/or emollient ingredients [skin-friendly cleansers (SFCs)] to mitigate skin damage and/or using topical emollients after washing for repair. Despite this widespread practice, there is very limited evidence supporting the efficacy of these interventions in the prevention of viral propagation.MethodologyWithin this study a range of viruses comprising human coronavirus (HCoV), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, influenza (IVA), adenovirus (Ad), and murine norovirus (MNV) were tested against multiple hand wash products, including SFCs. In vitro analysis using plaque assays and tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) were used to assess virus infectability after incubation with the test products (soaps and SFCs) over a range of concentrations and time points. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine virus architecture and size, while viral replication genes were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results/conclusionsEnveloped viruses demonstrated greater susceptibility over a range of test products, suggesting some SFCs are a suitable alternative to soap (depending on the presence of a viral envelope). However, no virucidal activity was observed for non-enveloped viruses. Water type (i.e., soft/hard) and pre-exposed hand hygiene conditions (i.e., clean/dirty) made little difference to the effectiveness of both soaps and SFCs. Therefore, new hand hygiene regimens should be implemented based on trying to encompass all viruses with varying structures, with specific emphasis on the absence of a viral envelope.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Hansanitizer Dan Sabun Cuci Dari Herbal Untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Sebagai Upaya Penurunan Stunting Di Desa Pelita Jaya

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition so that children are too short for their age. Malnutrition occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born, however, stunting only appears after the baby is 2 years old. Data on the prevalence of stunting under five collected by WHO, Indonesia is included in the third country with the highest prevalence in the Southeast Asia region. The average prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia in 2005 - 2017 was 36.4%. According to the national target, Bone Bolango Regency is one of the 260 Regencies/Cities, priority areas for accelerating the national stunting prevention in 2019. But until now, the prevalence of stunting in Bone Bolango is still high, namely 25.1%, which is above the standard rate. tolerated by WHO, which is below 20%. Based on the results of observations in Pelita Jaya Village, Bone Bolango Regency, cases of stunting that occur are closely related to the lack of availability of clean latrines, where there are still houses that do not have latrines that comply with sanitation requirements. This can trigger cases of infection in children. And if this infection occurs repeatedly, it can cause toddlers and children to experience electrolyte and nutritional deficiencies. So that it can lead to disruption of child development. Based on this, the Service Team, Lecturers of the Faculty of Sports and Health, State University of Gorontalo, need to conduct socialization, training and manufacture of herbal hand sanitizer and hand washing products to improve clean and healthy living behavior in the community, so that they are free from infectious diseases and the risk of stunting.

Comparative Recovery of Serratia marcescens Using Bags versus Gloves as Described in ASTM E1174-21 Health Care Personnel Handwash Method.

The ASTM E1174-21 Health Care Personnel Handwash method is prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to demonstrate the efficacy of antiseptic handwashing products. The standardized method allows for marker bacteria to be collected from the hands by using either a bag or a glove. Two recent studies utilizing the different collection methods testing the same product showed substantial differences in results. We sponsored two independent studies to compare the bag and glove collection methods following contamination with Serratia marcescens. Overall, there was no difference between collection methods for bacteria recovered (P = 0.603). The distribution of recovery for the bag method was slightly less variable than for the glove method. Statistical differences were observed within each lab based on the collection day. The day-to-day variability is critical to consider for future multiple-day studies. Additionally, hand size appears to impact recovery, especially for the glove method, with both small and medium hand sizes resulting in higher recovery than large and extralarge hand sizes (P = 0.015), whereas hand size did not impact recovery with the bag method (P = 0.315). While it appears that both the bag and glove methods can be used, our findings suggest that gloves may not be the best option for subjects with large to extra-large hands. Additional work looking at bacterial recovery following product treatment is warranted to understand the impact of large hands in the bag versus glove recovery method. IMPORTANCE Antiseptic hand wash products are evaluated using the standard ASTM E1174-21 to demonstrate their antibacterial efficacy. Often products are tested at multiple labs, and the need to understand variables that may play a role in the outcome of the study is important. This work allows us to evaluate the impact that the two collection methods, bags and gloves, have on bacteria recovery. If differences are observed, standardization to one method may be critical to ensure similar test results when planning studies at multiple labs.

CELEBRITY ADVERTISEMENT FOR INDIAN RURAL BUYERS: A MYTH FOR SUCCESS

This study analyses the effect of the different dimensions of celebrity endorsement that is trustworthiness, effectiveness, attractiveness and, respect on the buying intentions of the Indian rural buyers for purchasing the handwash products. Several studies elaborate the effect on consumer’s buying intention for various FMCG products. However, there is a paucity of the examining the effect of celebrity on the buying intention of rural buyers especially for a growing Indian rural market. Therefore, study’s aim was to examine the role and influence of a celebrity endorsement on the rural buyers. After concluding from various theories of celebrity endorsement and conducting experimental research with 560 rural respondents and conductive multiple regression analysis, the result exhibits that only three dimension of celebrity that is trustworthiness, effectiveness and attractiveness influenced the buying intention while respect was found insignificant in model. Hence, the study concludes that celebrity as a whole has positive impact on the buying intention of rural buyer.

Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Herbal Hand Wash Gel Containing Aqueous Extract of Sapindus Mukorossi

Background: Herbal medicines and food products have extensively been looked upon for decades due to their biocompatible nature and the least adverse effects. At the same pace, plant-based cosmetics and toiletries are capturing the market due to their eco-friendly nature and compatibility with human skin. The marketed soaps and hand washes are based on toxic fatty acid salts, surfactants, and perfumes that are not only harmful to the skin but to the environment as well. The commonly used surfactant in soaps and hand washes, sodium lauryl sulfate makes the skin dry and sensitive. Moreover, the water getting polluted by SLS when entering the water bodies, makes the aquatic life vulnerable. So, it becomes important to formulate such hand washes that are biocompatible, without compromising their cleansing action and anti-microbial properties. This piece of work explores the formulation of an anti-bacterial hand wash having a good cleansing action to serve the purpose of maintaining personal hygiene in a biocompatible and eco-friendly way. Results: Herbal hand wash gel was prepared and evaluated using plant extracts, having potent anti-microbial action (minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.4cm and 3.7 cm for S. aureus and P.aeruginosa respectively). Conclusion: Formulation of plant based hand wash products by replacing the synthetic surfactants with natural saponins and antimicrobial extracts can be useful for regular use on skin, while reducing the toxic load on environment as well.

Women Empowerment Through Handicrafts of Mask Connectors During Covid 19 Pandemics in Kerinjing Village

This service program aims to provide skills in the form of providing hand care training through making mask connectors and how to market them so that they can increase the income of the people of Kerinjing Village. In addition, the product of this training is also expected to be a superior product in rural areas in Kerinjing Village. The method used in this program is carried out through several stages, including the stage of building commitment, the stage of community organizing, the stage of needs assessment, and the stage of planning activities and implementing activities. The results of this activity include hand washing products through the manufacture of mask connectors that have a selling value so that they can increase the household income of the women's group in Kerinjing Village, Tanjung Raja District. Furthermore, this product is also expected to be one of the superior products of this village. In addition, the results of this activity are in the form of marketing assistance through social media through Facebook and Instagram.

33249 Novel high-emollient hand sanitizer improves skin condition without compromising antiseptic efficacy

The impact of frequent hand hygiene practices on the skin condition of health care workers has been studied extensively, however, there are little data available on normal consumer usage of hand sanitizers on skin health and the skin barrier. The objective of this research was to understand the impact to skin hydration, irritation, and barrier integrity between different marketed hand sanitizers in conjunction with normal handwashing hygiene. Participants provided informed consent to participate in a balanced, randomized, IRB-approved, double-blind 4-cell 2-week clinical study, with approximately 20 participants per cell. A new high emollient and 2 leading marketed alcohol-based hand sanitizers were included with instructions to use a minimum of 6 times daily, as well as a control cell of liquid handwash alone. The control liquid handwash was also used in each sanitizer cell to replace handwash products. Objective measurements of hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were obtained as well as expert visual assessment of dryness and erythema, and 3D imaging of texture with Antera measurements. When added to a routine of handwashing with a marketed liquid handwash, the high emollient sanitizer ameliorated the dryness evident from hand washing alone. Both handwashing alone and in combination with 2 leading marketed hand sanitizers resulted in increased skin dryness and markedly greater sensory irritation. The high-emollient sanitizer product also mitigated the damaging effects of liquid handwash, as demonstrated by TEWL. The results indicate that when deploying normal consumer hand hygiene practices, selection of hand sanitizers does matter for maintaining skin barrier health.

Improving Recovery of Irritant Hand Dermatitis in Healthcare Workers With Workplace Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction:Occupational hand dermatitis is common among healthcare workers, with increased incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Irritant contact dermatitis accounts for the majority of occupational hand dermatitis and is largely due to frequent contact with hand hygiene products. Long-term prognosis of occupational contact dermatitis is often very poor. This study aims to identify and implement suitable workplace interventions to aid in the recovery of occupational irritant hand dermatitis among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA quality improvement (QI) project was performed in a tertiary hospital using the Plan-Do-Study-Act model. Healthcare workers seen at the Occupational Dermatology Clinic from March 2020 to May 2021 for the first time for likely occupational irritant dermatitis were targeted for the project. Four workplace interventions were implemented: (a) substitute current alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with a different, gentler ABHR, (b) alternate ABHR with gentle hand wash products, (c) temporary job modification with less clinical work (d) switch latex gloves to nitrile gloves. The improvement was assessed after 2 months of workplace intervention using a visual analogue scale, based on changes seen on photographs taken at the baseline and monthly review. The target improvement was set at 70% after 2 months of workplace interventions.ResultsA total of 21 participants were included in the QI project. All participants were found to have significant improvement in their hand condition. The estimated mean reduction of signs and symptoms was 80% in comparison to their baseline hand condition before intervention.ConclusionWorkplace interventions such as substituting irritant hand hygiene products with gentler alternatives and temporary reduction in clinical duties may be useful in improving the recovery rate of irritant hand dermatitis among healthcare workers. Areas with high hand hygiene workload or high incidences of hand dermatitis may opt to implement systemic workplace changes.

TRAINING ON MAKING HAND SANITIZER BASED ON BAY LEAF EXTRACT (Syzygium polyanthum)

Hand sanitizer is an alcohol-based hand washing product that can be available in liquid or gel form. Hand sanitizer can kill bacteria and germs on the surface of the hands without having to rinse with water. Bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) has been known to have antibacterial properties, so it is necessary to make hand sanitizer products based on bay leaf extract. The process of presenting PkM material is carried out using the lecture method assisted by infocus equipment. Meanwhile, the process of making liquid hand sanitizer products is carried out through a demonstration method. The results obtained in this PkM activity are a liquid hand sanitizer product that has a pH of 5, a distinctive bay leaf aroma and hand sanitizer products that are yellowish green or which are usually different from the color of hand sanitizer products in general. Hand sanitizer products are safe to use on the surface of the skin because the pH adjusts to the skin's pH of 4.5 - 6.5. The results of this PkM were also measured based on the post-test conducted on the training participants which showed that as many as 95% of the training participants or as many as 19 people out of 20 participants received an average score of 85 which indicated that the training participants had understood and were able to demonstrate this PkM activity with good. Meanwhile, there was 1 participant or 5% of the participants who got a score of 60, which means they did not understand this PkM activity well.

Formulation and Characterization of Essential Oils Based Antibacterial Hand Sanitizer Gels

Purpose: The usage of herbal-based antibacterial sanitizers is increasing, and they have considerably shown fewer side-effects than sanitizers with synthetic compounds. In the present study, essential oils obtained from cinnamon and lime were used to formulate hand sanitizer gels, and their efficacy was evaluated. Method: Three different hand sanitizer gel formulations were prepared using cinnamon oil (Formulation A), lime oil (Formulation B) and a mixture of cinnamon and lime oil (Formulation C). Carbopol 940 was used as the gelling agent. Tests for organoleptic, physicochemical characteristics and stability were conducted on the prepared formulations. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. All three formulations were compared with a commercial liquid hand wash product for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Three-way ANOVA with Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used to compare the antibacterial activity of the hand sanitizer gel formulations. Stability of the three hand sanitizer formulations were assessed. Results: Considerable differences in the pH and viscosity were not observed between the prepared hand sanitizer gel formulations. However, considerable changes in the spreadability were observed between the prepared hand sanitizer gel formulations. A statistically significant difference in antibacterial activity was observed among the three hand sanitizer gels and the commercial hand wash (p<0.05). Formulation C showed the highest antibacterial activity among the prepared hand sanitizer formulations. Based on the stability studies, Formulation A was found to be the most stable. Conclusion: Hand sanitizer gel containing a mixture of cinnamon and lime oils showed the highest antibacterial activity among prepared formulations. However, the most stable formulation was the hand sanitizer gel containing cinnamon oil.

Changes in handwashing and hygiene product usage patterns in Korea before and after the outbreak of COVID-19

BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, handwashing, using hand sanitizer, and wearing facial masks are recommended as the first line of protection against COVID-19. Encouraging hand hygiene may be one of the most cost-effective means of reducing the global burden of disease.MethodsThis study uses a web-based questionnaire to evaluate the usage patterns and consumer perceptions of the effectiveness and health safety of bar soap, liquid hand soap, and hand sanitizer products before and after the spread of COVID-19.ResultsThe results show that since the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of consumers who primarily use bar soap has decreased from 71.8 to 51.4%, the number of those who primarily use liquid hand soap has increased from 23.5 to 41.3%, and the number of those who use and carry hand sanitizer has increased. The frequency of use, duration of use, and amount used of all three products have increased significantly since the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally, consumer perception of the products’ preventive effect against COVID-19 is higher for liquid hand soap and hand sanitizer than it is for bar soap.ConclusionsBecause use of hand sanitizers has increased, public health guidelines must address the potential risks associated them. Our data also show that the public is abiding by the recommendations of the regulatory authorities. As handwashing has become important in preventing COVID-19 infections, the results of our study will support the development of better handwashing guidelines and a public health campaign.

Evaluating the Efficacy of the Supertowel™ as a Handwashing Product: A Simulation of Real-World Use Conditions.

ABSTRACTThe Supertowel is a fabric treated with a permanent antimicrobial bonding and has been designed as a soap alternative in emergency situations. The Supertowel has been shown to be as efficacious as handwashing with soap and water when tested under controlled laboratory conditions. It has also been shown to be a practical, acceptable, and desirable product among crisis-affected populations. The aim of this study was to test whether the Supertowel remains as efficacious when used under conditions which mimic real-world hand cleaning in challenging settings. Two rounds of laboratory tests, with 16 volunteers in each, were conducted to test the efficacy of the Supertowel when used for a shorter duration, when less wet, when used with contaminated water, when visibly dirty, and when dry. Volunteers pre-contaminated their hands with nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. Comparisons were made between hand cleaning with the Supertowel and the reference condition (normally handwashing with soap), using a crossover design. The Supertowel was marginally less efficacious than handwashing with soap when used for 15 seconds (P = 0.04) but as efficacious at 30 and 60 seconds durations. All the other Supertowel conditions were as efficient as their reference comparisons meaning that the Supertowel can effectively remove pathogens from hands when it is wet, damp, or completely dry, when it is used with contaminated water, when visibly dirty with mud and/or oil.

Hand hygiene: virucidal efficacy of a liquid hand wash product against Ebola virus

SummaryBackgroundHand washing is an important targeted hygiene intervention for limiting the spread of infectious agents, including the Ebola virus, which continues to re-emerge. We have assessed the virucidal efficacy of a commercially available liquid hand wash product (LHW) for inactivating Ebola virus.MethodsThe ASTM E1052-11 Standard was used to evaluate the efficacy of an LHW containing the microbicidal active salicylic acid for inactivating Ebola virus - Makona variant suspended in an organic load. Three concentrations (12.5%, 25%, 50%) of three lots of LHW prepared in 440 ppm hard water were evaluated at room temperature for 20, 30, and 60 s contact time.ResultsA 25% solution of the LHW caused 4.5 log10 and 4.8 log10 reduction in Ebola virus titer within 20 and 30 s, respectively. The efficacy of a 12.5% LHW solution was lower (1.9 and 2.0 log10 reduction in titer within 20 and 30 s, respectively). The efficacy of the 50% LHW solution could not be measured, due to inability to sufficiently neutralize the LHW at the end of exposure.ConclusionThese results suggest the potential utility of an appropriately formulated liquid hand wash agent during Ebola virus disease outbreaks for use within healthcare, community, and home settings. Such an LHW should also be effective against other enveloped viruses, such as the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Learning to Live with the Virus

Learning to Live with the Virus

Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional dan Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer dalam Pencegahan Covid-19 di Masyarakat Pulau Hiri

Hiri Island is located in the north of Ternate Island, internet access on the island is still lacking. This has an impact on the lack of information obtained by the people on Hiri Island, including information about the Covid-19 outbreak. the world health organization (WHO) stated that on January 30, 2020, the world had a Corona Virus Pandemic (Covid-19). 
 Hiri Island has a variety of plants, so it is necessary to provide counseling to the community in the area regarding the use of natural ingredients as a traditional medicine in preventing transmission of the coronavirus, as well as providing information about the process of transmission of the virus, one of which transmission media is through hands. So it is necessary to make a handwashing product (hand sanitizer) to prevent transmission of the virus through hand media. In the implementation of the service, there was a change in the method, which initially socialization by gathering the community was changed to direct distribution of hand sanitizers as well as a short explanation to the public about the importance of hand hygiene and the importance of maintaining health by utilizing herbal medicines around the community.

Rinse-free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among preschool and school children.

Rinse-free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among preschool and school children.

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Extract as a Natural Antimicrobial Agent in Hand-Washing Liquid Soap

Synthetic antimicrobial agents, like triclosan, used in many cosmetics are now associated with serious health problems, beginning with skin irritation to cancer. This calls for alternative antimicrobial agents. Many plant extracts have the potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and perhaps kill them and thus can serve as alternative antimicrobial agents in cosmetic formulations. To demonstrate this, a hand-washing liquid soap was prepared in the presence of varying concentrations of aloe vera extract and tested in-vitro against common skin microbes. First, a liquid soap paste was prepared by saponifying a vegetable oil blend containing olive oil (80.0 %w/w), coconut oil (14.3 %w/w) and castor oil (5.7 %w/w) with aqueous KOH solution (22.5 %w/w) at a relatively high temperature (200 °C). Second, the soap paste was diluted with distilled water in the presence of varying concentrations (0 to 66.67 %w/w) of aloe vera extract to obtain hand-washing liquid soap samples, with the extract acting as an antimicrobial agent. Third, the liquid soap solutions were characterised in terms of foaming, wetting and cleansing abilities and the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus Aspergillus flavus. These were compared with those of a commercial (Astonish) hand-washing liquid soap sample containing triclosan (0.1 %w/w) as an antimicrobial agent. The liquid soap solutions exhibited excellent foaming, wetting and cleansing abilities, similar to the commercial liquid soap solution. In addition, the liquid soap solutions gave an average zone of inhibition between 9.0±0.3 mm and 11.0±0.2 mm for S. aureus, 7.0±0.1 mm and 10.0±0.2 mmfor P. aeruginosa and also inhibited the growth of the fungus A. flavus. These results compare favourably ( p= 0.05)with the commercial liquid soap solution, which gave an average inhibition zone of 9.00±1 mmfor both bacteria and also inhibited the growth of the fungus. This indicates that aloe vera extract can be used as an antimicrobial agent in the formulation of antimicrobial hand-washing liquid soap and other related products, rather than synthetic agents which are inherently harmful.