Hand Tremor Research Articles

Quality control of digestive tract reconstruction after robotic gastrectomy

With features such as high-definition magnification of the surgical field, filtering of hand tremor, and robotic arm with multi-degree-of-freedom rotatable wrist, surgical robot has unique advantages in various aspects of digestive tract reconstruction (DTR) after robotic gastrectomy (RG). Currently, there is still controversy about the selection and standardized application of DTR after RG for gastric cancer. To standardize the selection and implementation of DTR, we describe various aspects of quality control before DTR, selection of indications, principles of DTR, and prevention and management of postoperative complications of DTR. We also comment on the operation details of robotic-assisted and total robotic DTR, including manual suture, linear anastomosis with linear stapler, and circular anastomosis with circular stapler. Meanwhile, we propose our prospects on the potential application of new technology in robotic DTR for gastric cancer.

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and wild food plants in Kırşehir (Türkiye)

This study compiles information regarding the use of certain plants found in Kırşehir and its surrounding regions in the Central Anatolia Region in folk medicine and other ethnobotanical characteristics. A total of 180 people participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the participants. As a result of the study, demographic characteristics of the participants, types of medicinal plant used by the people of the region, preparation techniques, usage patterns and frequency were determined. Local people benefit from 80 plants belonging to 28 families. The most commonly encountered medicinal plant family was Asteraceae (22 taxa). Twenty-two disease categories were identified in which traditional medicinal plants were used. Local people frequently use medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. These include dermatologic ailments (ICF 0.87), hematology issues (ICF 0.98), high cholesterol (ICF 0.98), gastrointestinal problems (ICF 0.88). Medicinal plants are also employed for treating cancer (ICF 0.95), hand tremors (ICF 1.00), cataracts (ICF 1.00), and gonorrhea (ICF 1.00), and kidney stones (ICF 1.00). The highest UV was found for Mentha arvensis and M. pulegium. This research is important in terms of transferring traditional knowledge to future generations. Moreover, the findings obtained should be investigated in fields such as pharmacology and phytotherapy.

Unusual late presentation of cryptococcal meningitis with simultaneous CMV antigenemia in a kidney transplant recipient.

Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients after candidiasis and aspergillosis. These patients are at risk of disseminated cryptococcosis because of immuosuppressive therapy. The median time to disease onset after kidney transplantation is approximately 35months and it rarely occurs more than 10years after transplantation. Herein, we report a case of 64-year-old kidney transplant recipient suffering from coexisting disseminated cryptococcosis with brain and skin involvement, together with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia more than 20years after transplant. She presented with frontal headache and bilateral hand tremor, in addition to multiple nodular lesions over bilateral lower limbs. The diagnosis was made after lumbar puncture and skin biopsy. She was successfully treated with a course of anti-fungal and anti-CMV regimen without any relapse of central nervous system infection. Our case illustrates that disseminated cryptococcosis can occur very late after organ transplant. It is thus important to watch out for late-onset opportunistic infections and strike the balance between risks of infections and rejections in SOT patients.

9396 Deciphering The Enigma: A Case Report On New-onset Graves Disease Presenting As Thyroid Storm In The First Trimester Of Pregnancy, Managed In The Intensive Care Setting

Abstract Disclosure: M. Zeb: None. S.W. Salari: None. A. Tiwari: None. A. Vadher: None. A. Dabaja: None. S. Kambhatla: None. Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, presents unique challenges when manifesting as thyroid storm during pregnancy. We report a case of a 27-year-old African American woman at 9 weeks gestation who presented with palpitations, agitation, and fever. On examination, she exhibited fever, tachycardia, tremors in hands, and mild bilateral exophthalmos. Thyroid function tests revealed markedly elevated free thyroxine and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Thyroid ultrasound confirmed diffuse thyroid enlargement with increased vascularity, consistent with Graves' disease. Pelvic ultrasound estimated the gestational age at 9 weeks and 2 days, with a serum β-hCG level of 135,037 mIU/mL. An electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia, and a complete metabolic panel indicated mild hypokalemia. The Thyroid Stimulation Immunoglobulin (TSI) and Thyrotropin receptor antibodies were tested positive. The Burch-Warsofsky point score of 45, supported the diagnosis of thyroid storm. The patient received intensive care treatment including intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, beta-blockers, Lugol’s iodine, propylthiouracil, and potassium replacement. Following treatment, thyroid function stabilized within 48 hours, and her hyperthyroid symptoms resolved. The patient was discharged on oral labetalol and propylthiouracil. Thyroid storm, characterized by severe manifestations of hyperthyroidism, is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, especially during pregnancy. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial due to associated maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach, involving endocrinology, obstetrics, and critical care, is essential to optimize outcomes. The unique physiologic changes of pregnancy, such as increased thyroid hormone production and altered thyroid hormone-binding globulin levels, can complicate the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism. Our case underscores the importance of vigilance for thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women, even in the absence of prior thyroid disease. Additionally, the potential impact of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm on pregnancy outcomes highlights the need for early recognition and intervention. Long-term management of Graves' disease during pregnancy may also require adjustment of antithyroid medication dosage and monitoring of thyroid function to maintain euthyroidism while minimizing fetal exposure to medication. Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and long-term management strategies for thyroid storm in pregnancy. Increased awareness among healthcare providers about the risks and management strategies for this rare but serious complication is also necessary. Presentation: 6/3/2024

7684 Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Beta Mistaken as Primary Hypothyroidism: Variable Phenotypes and Diagnostic Dilemmas

Abstract Disclosure: H.F. Belal: None. A.N. Mukhtar: None. J.M. Chehade: None. Background: The differential diagnosis of hyperthyroxinemia and nonsupressed TSH includes assay interference, resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHb) and TSHoma. Correlation of laboratory findings with clinical presentation is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis. Clinical Case: A 50 year old female presented with palpitations, tremors, headaches, diarrhea, heat intolerance, chronic attention difficulty, pre-syncope and fatigue over several years. She had regular menses with no birth control use. There was no amiodarone, lithium or biotin use. Exam: vitals stable, no thyromegaly, no hand tremors, no exophthalmos. At 26 years old she was started on Levothyroxine (LEVO) 50 mcg for elevated TSH; FT4 was not measured. Over the past 10 years her labs demonstrated elevated FT4, elevated FT3, elevated FT4 by direct dialysis, normal TBG and inappropriately normal/elevated TSH while on LEVO 75 - 175 mcg. On LEVO 75 mcg: elevated TSH 5.94 uIU/mL (0.27-4.2), elevated FT4 2.2 ng/dL (0.8-1.7), elevated FT3 6.0 pg/mL (2.0-4.4), elevated FT4 direct dialysis 2.9 ng/dL (0.8-1.7), normal pituitary panel (including alpha subunit), low alpha subunit/TSH molar ratio (0.71). During an ED visit for chest pain, EKG revealed poor R wave progression, non-specific T wave abnormality. She was also found to have hepatic steatosis. RTHb was diagnosed and her LEVO was gradually tapered. Conclusion: TSH receptor beta is expressed in hypothalamus, pituitary, cochlea, retina, liver and kidney. TSH receptor alpha is expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and bone. RTHb occurs at a frequency of 1 in 19,000 to 40,000 leading to resistance to thyroid hormone action at the HPA axis and liver. This produces higher FT4 and FT3 that act on normal TSH alpha receptors. Clinical phenotypes vary from euthyroid to hyperthyroid. Mistreating RTHb as hypothyroidism can worsen the thyrotoxic state. Testing for RTHb genetic mutation is available, yet 15% of RTHb patients do not have an identifiable pathogenic variant[1]. Treatment of RTHb ranges from observation, beta blockade, antithyroid drugs or TRIAC, a thyroid hormone analog which act at the HPA axis to inhibit TSH secretion.[1] Life threatening cases may require total thyroidectomy or radioiodine ablation; often avoided due to difficulty managing thyroid hormone replacement afterwards. Cases of goiter and ADHD in RTHb have been successfully treated with supraphysiologic every-other-day liothyronine.2 Management should be patient tailored and symptom specific.

7588 Coexistent Toxic Nodular Goiter And Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), A Combo With Diagnostic And Management Implications

Abstract Disclosure: D. Dave: None. A. Bhan: None. S.D. Rao: None. About 17-84% of patients with PHPT have concomitant thyroid disorders, but the prevalence of coexistent hyperthyroidism in PHPT varies 9-14 %. A vast majority had Graves’ disease with only 3 cases of toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) and PHPT reported in the literature as of 2022 ([1]). We present a rare case of coexistent toxic MNG and PHPT. Case Description: A 68y woman presented with recent 23 kg unintended weight loss and palpitations, but no other symptoms. Denied having kidney stones or fractures. On examination she had fine tremors of hands, MNG without exophthalmos. An ultrasound showed multinodular MNG with cystic lesions. A diagnosis of toxic MNG was made. Laboratory results were: TSH (<0.01 uIU/mL), free T4 1,68 ng/dL (normal: 0.61-1.44 ng/ml), high serum Ca (11.0 - 11.4 mg/dl) over 4y, but PTH was unavailable prior to the visit when it was 107 pg/ml and 89 pg/ml after 3 months of antithyroid therapy. Despite clinical and biochemical euthyroidism after 3 months, serum Ca and PTH levels remained high (11.4 mg/dl and 89 pg/ml respectively). Because she had pulmonary embolism a few years ago, we deferred parathyroidectomy until complete remission of hyperthyroidism. Discussion: Hypercalcemia is the biochemical hallmark of PHPT but can occur in 2-10% of patients with hyperthyroidism alone but only 1% of those will have coexistent PHPT. When these two conditions coexist, hypercalcemia is moderate to severe, and an occasional patient may present with hypercalcemic crisis (2). Prior to the availability of PTH assays, it was a challenge to diagnose coexistent PHPT. Hypercalcemia in hyperthyroidism responds to propranolol but not in PHPT, although the response is variable (3). With the availability of sensitive PTH assays, this maneuver is not necessary. In most cases, current PTH assays distinguish hypercalcemia of hyperthyroidism with suppressed PTH from coexistent PHPT in whom PTH level is non-suppressed or elevated. Monitoring serum Ca and PTH levels during therapy of hyperthyroidism would be useful as normalization of serum Ca and PTH has occasionally been reported (4). In our patient, serum Ca and PTH levels remained high with 3-months of methimazole and atenolol. The impact of both conditions on bone and mineral metabolism are profound, with fractures and kidney stones. Since kidney stones are uncommon in hyperthyroidism, presence of kidney stone in a hyperthyroid hypercalcemic patient should alert the possibility of PHPT. Similarly, significant decrease in bone density in such patient also raises the possibility of PHPT. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of both conditions is necessary to avoid irreversible complications.

Proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia, a rare cause of reversible delirium: A case report with literature review.

Hypomagnesemia is associated with multiple electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in gastrointestinal disorders and are generally considered safe by clinicians. However, it is unusual side effect of hypomagnesemia is potentially under-recognized. Delirium is usually thought to be a clue of cerebrovascular disease, and the association between delirium and hypomagnesemia is unexpected. We describe a patient used PPI with hypomagnesemia showed normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) despite hypocalcemia and reversible delirium. To enhance clinicians' vigilance, we performed a literature review on cerebellar syndromes due to hypomagnesemia. A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with intermittent nausea, vomiting, hand tremors, and delirium. Laboratory analysis showed hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and normal parathyroid hormone despite hypocalcemia, physical examination showed horizontal nystagmus and the brain MRI was negative. Surprising, detailed medical history revealed that the etiology was the usage of omeprazole. Omeprazole was discontinued and oral supplementation with magnesium, calcium, and potassium was administered. Delirium quickly disappeared and the serum potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels gradually normalized; at discharge, nystagmus gradually disappeared, and plasma electrolyte levels were stable at follow-up. Hypomagnesemia is associated with a variety of neurological symptoms up to life-threatening conditions if left untreated; as Mg is not present in routine electrolyte panels, hypoparathyroidism, hypokalemia, and delirium may be a clue, and physicians must be alert to consider PPI as a potential cause of unexplained hypomagnesemia, and timely treatment to avoid sequelae.

Inter-rater reliability of hand motor function assessment in Parkinson’s disease: Impact of clinician training

Medication adjustments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are driven by patient subjective report and clinicians’ rating of motor feature severity (such as bradykinesia and tremor). ObjectiveAs patients may be seen by different clinicians at different visits, this study aims to determine the inter-rater reliability of upper limb motor function assessment among clinicians treating people with PD (PwPD). MethodsPwPD performed six standardised hand movements from the Movement Disorder Society’s Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), while two cameras simultaneously recorded. Eight clinicians independently rated tremor and bradykinesia severity using a visual analogue scale. We compared intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) before and after a training/calibration session where high-variance participant videos were reviewed and MDS-UPDRS instructions discussed. ResultsIn the first round, poor agreement was observed for most hand movements, with best agreement for resting tremor (ICC 0.66 bilaterally; right hand 95 % CI 0.50–0.82; left hand: 0.50–0.81). Postural tremor (left hand) had poor agreement (ICC 0.14; 95 % CI 0.04–0.33), as did wrist pronation-supination (right hand ICC 0.34; 95 % CI 0.19–0.56). In post-training rating exercises, agreements improved, especially for the right hand. Best agreement was observed for hand open-close ratings in the left hand (ICC 0.82, 95 % CI 0.64–0.94) and resting tremor in the right hand (ICC 0.92, 95 % CI 0.83–0.98). Discrimination between right and left hand features by raters also improved, except in resting tremor (disimprovement) and wrist pronation-supination (no change). ConclusionsClinicians vary in rating video-recorded PD upper limb motor features, especially bradykinesia, but this can be improved somewhat with training.

Hand Tremor Detection and Feedback System Based on Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study

Hand Tremor Detection and Feedback System Based on Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study

Sosyal Kaygı Bozukluğunda Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Olgu Sunumu

In this study, the client's symptoms were characterized as social anxiety disorder based on dsm5 diagnostic criteria. The client is a 24-year-old female university student. The client stated that she had fears of failing, being stupid and being disgraced and mentioned physical symptoms such as hand and voice tremors, nausea and heart palpitations due to these fears. The client, who has beliefs such as inadequate, worthless and I must be successful, shows excessive anxiety and avoidance behaviors in situations such as eating in front of people, speaking in public, making presentations and mixing with people. The client realized that his academic success was jeopardized and his functionality was decreasing and applied for therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used with the client. First, the client was psychoeducated about the therapy and its progress and a therapeutic relationship was developed. In the first stage of the treatment, cognitive processes were emphasized, automatic negative thoughts and core beliefs were identified and questioned, and cognitive restructuring was performed. Then behavioral techniques were practiced. Key words: Social anxiety disorder, anxiety, cognitive behavioral therapy.

Design and Analysis of a Hand-Held Surgical Forceps with a Force-Holding Function.

Physiological hand tremors, twitching, and the nonlinear characteristics of the relationship between surgical forceps clamping force and operating force seriously affect the clamping accuracy of surgical instruments. To address this problem, a new type of surgical forceps with a force-holding function was developed to replace traditional forceps, which was studied in terms of structural design, statics, and dynamics. The overall structure of the surgical forceps was designed based on the lever principle, the kinematic model of the clamping part of the surgical forceps was established by the geometrical method, and the correctness of the kinematic model was verified by ADAMS. To address the clamping accuracy of the surgical forceps, a stress analysis was performed, its dynamics model was established, a finite element simulation was performed, the modal of the forceps was optimized using the Box-Behnken method, and, finally, an experimental platform was built to perform the accuracy test. The results demonstrate that the designed surgical forceps exhibit high clamping accuracy and fulfill the design specifications for surgical operations.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of refractory essential tremor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an emerging treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET). The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term (up to 5 years) safety and efficacy of unilateral MRgFUS in the treatment of ET. The authors performed a systematic search through 4 databases to find relevant clinical studies. Binary outcomes were analyzed and reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, while continuous outcomes were analyzed and reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals. Furthermore, a univariable meta-regression was performed to evaluate the association between various covariates and the outcomes including the mean difference in the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) score and hand tremor scores. Sensitivity analysis was performed to address any heterogeneity. A total of 43 studies comprising 1818 patients with ET who underwent MRgFUS were identified. Of the 1539 patients with data on sex, 1095 (71.2%) were male. The mean follow-up duration ranged from 3 months to 8.4 years among the studies. The mean total CRST score significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12 months post-MRgFUS (SMD -4.5, p = 0.0069; SMD -4.9, p = 0.0045; and SMD -2.95, p = 0.0039, respectively). The mean hand tremor scores significantly mitigated at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post-MRgFUS (SMD -3.99, p = 0.05; SMD -4.5, p = 0.05; SMD -1.99, p < 0.0001; SMD - 2.07, p = 0.0002; and SMD -2.1, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, the mean Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire scores were improved at 3 months (SMD -2.8, p = 0.0025), 6 months (SMD -4.1, p = 0.04), 12 months (SMD -1.57, p = 0.0004), 2 years (SMD -1.64, p = 0.0003), and 3 years (SMD -1.14, p = 0.08). Our meta-regression findings showed that sex (p = 0.03), unlike age, handedness, symptom duration, and peak energy levels at 3 months, was associated with a significantly higher mean difference in tremor severity. This meta-analysis provides strong evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of unilateral MRgFUS for the treatment of ET in terms of tremor severity and quality of life with acceptable adverse events.

Predicting tremor improvement after MRgFUS thalamotomy in essential tremor from preoperative spontaneous brain activity: A machine learning approach

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is an emerging technique for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET), but with variable outcomes. This study used pattern regression analysis to identify brain signatures predictive of tremor improvements. Fifty-four ET patients (mean age = 63.06 years, standard deviation (SD) = 10.55 years, 38 males) underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy and were scanned for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Seventy-four healthy controls (mean age = 58.09 years, SD = 10.30 years, 38 males) were recruited for comparison. Tremor responses at 12 months posttreatment were evaluated by the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated from rs-fMRI data. Two-sample t-test was used to generate a disease-specific mask, within which Multivariate Kernel Ridge Regression analyses were conducted. Predicted and actual clinical scores were compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and normalized mean squared error (Norm. MSE). Permutation test and leave-one-out strategy were applied for results validation. KRR identified fALFF patterns that significantly predicted the hand tremor improvement (r = 0.23, P = 0.025; Norm. MSE = 0.05, P = 0.026) and the postural tremor improvement (r = 0.28, P = 0.025; Norm. MSE = 0.06, P = 0.023), but not action tremor improvement. Lobule VI of right cerebellum (Cerebelum_6_R), right superior occipital gyrus (Occipital_Sup_R) and lobule X of vermis (Vermis_10) contributed most for hand tremor prediction (normalized weights (NW): 2.77%, 2.40%, 2.34%) while Vermis_10, left supplementary motor area (Supp_Motor_Area_L) and right hippocampus (Hippocampus_R) for postural tremor prediction (NW: 2.69%, 2.12%, 2.05%). The low contributing NW of the individual brain regions suggested that the fALFF pattern as a whole is an overall predicting feature. Preoperative fALFF pattern predicts tremor benefits induced by MRgFUS thalamotomy. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04570046.

Professor ZHUANG Lixing's experience of integrated acupuncture and medication approach to treat motor complications in Parkinson's disease based on the alternation of "movement and stillness"

This paper introduces Professor ZHUANG Lixing's experience in treating motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) with acupuncture combined with medication. Based on the characteristics of the alternation of "movement and stillness" in PD motor complications, Professor ZHUANG divides these complications into three distinct periods: "movement" stage, "stillness" stage and "alternation" stage, and proposes an integrated approach of acupuncture and medication, with staged treatment tailored to each period. The main acupoints include Jin's three needles to regulate spirit (four spirit needles, Shenting [GV 24], Yintang [GV 24+], Shenmen [HT 7], Sanyinjiao [SP 6]), along with hand tremor three needles (Hegu [LI 4], Quchi [LI 11], Dingchan), foot tremor three needles (Yinlingquan [SP 9], Yanglingquan [GB 34], Taichong [LR 3]), and Du's three needles (Dazhui [GV 14], Jinsuo [GV 8], Mingmen [GV 4]). The primary medicinal formulas include Lingjiao Gouteng decoction, Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction, Bazhen decoction combined with Buzhong Yiqi decoction, Sini decoction combined with Yougui pills, and Xiaochaihu decoction. This integrated approach effectively alleviates the motor symptom fluctuations in PD patients, helping them maintain a stable life.

Dopa-responsive Rest Tremor Preceding Tachyphemia in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Case Report.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by progressive postural instability, falls, and supranuclear vertical gaze abnormalities. In this report, we present the case of a 71-year-old woman with dopa-responsive rest tremor followed by tachyphemia and postural instability. She initially presented with dopa-responsive slowness and tremor in the right hand. Two years later, she developed speech difficulties (tachyphemia) and a propensity for falls. Based on the diagnostic criteria for PSP, the patient was diagnosed with probable PSP-RS. The clinical manifestations observed in our patient are unique and are considered important for illustrating a broad spectrum of PSP syndrome.

Probabilistic Refinement of Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy Targeting for Parkinson's Disease Tremor.

There remains high variability in clinical outcomes when the same magnetic resonance image-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy target is used for both essential tremor (ET) and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD). Our goal is to refine the MRgFUS thalamotomy target for TDPD versus ET. We retrospectively performed voxel-wise efficacy and structural connectivity mapping using 3-12-month post-procedure hand tremor scores for a multicenter cohort of 32 TDPD patients and a previously published cohort of 79 ET patients, and 24-hour T1-weighted post-MRgFUS brain images. We validated our findings using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores for an independent cohort of nine TDPD patients. The post-MRgFUS clinical improvements were 45.9% ± 35.9%, 55.5% ± 36%, and 46.1% ± 18.6% for ET, multicenter TDPD and validation TDPD cohorts, respectively. The TDPD and ET efficacy maps differed significantly (ppermute < 0.05), with peak TDPD improvement (87%) at x = -13.5; y = -15.0; z = 1.5, ~3.5 mm anterior and 3 mm dorsal to the ET target. Discriminative connectivity projections were to the motor and premotor regions in TDPD, and to the motor and somatosensory regions in ET. The disorder-specific voxel-wise efficacy map could be used to estimate outcome in TDPD patients with high accuracy (R = 0.8; R2 = 0.64; P < 0.0001). The model was validated using the independent cohort of nine TDPD patients (R = 0.73; R2 = 0.53; P = 0.025-voxel analysis). We demonstrated that the most effective MRgFUS thalamotomy target in TDPD is in the ventral intermediate nucleus/ventralis oralis posterior border region. This finding offers new insights into the thalamic regions instrumental in tremor control, with pivotal implications for improving treatment outcomes. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Investigation of hand tremor suppression by a customized passive surgical support robot during internal limiting membrane peeling.

To construct a quantitative evaluation system for hand tremor during internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and investigate changes in hand tremor attributable to the use of the customized passive surgical support robot. This analytical and experimental study developed a hand tremor evaluation system that synchronizes three elements: surgical microscope images, an artificial eye module with a force sensor to simulate ILM peeling, and microforceps with an inertial measurement unit. Two surgeons used this system to measure hand tremor during ILM peeling with and without the robot. The horizontal, vertical, and combined vertical and horizontal components of hand tremor were 8.1 ± 6.1, 1.7 ± 1.8, and 8.5 ± 6.2 mG, respectively, in the no robot group. These components decreased to 7.2 ± 6.0, 1.5 ± 1.7, and 7.5 ± 6.1 mG, respectively, in the robot group. In particular, hand tremor was significantly suppressed by 11.9% for the horizontal component using the robot (p = 0.0006). The newly constructed system helps to quantitatively evaluate hand tremor during ILM peeling. The customized passive surgical support robot enables to decrease hand tremor during ILM peeling.

Tremor Estimation and Removal in Robot-Assisted Surgery Using Improved Enhanced Band-Limited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner.

During a robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, hand tremors in a surgeon's manipulation of the master manipulator can cause vibrations of the slave surgical instruments. This letter addresses this problem by proposing an improved Enhanced Band-Limited Multiple Linear Fourier Combiner (E-BMFLC) algorithm for filtering the physiological tremor signals of a surgeon's hand. The proposed method uses the amplitude of the input signal to adapt the learning rate and a dense division of the combiner bands for the higher amplitude bands of the tremor signals. By using the proposed improved E-BMFLC algorithm, the compensation accuracy can be improved by 4.5%-8.9%, as well as a spatial position error of less than 1mm. The results show that among all filtering methods, the improved E-BMFLC filtering method has the highest number of successful experiments and the lowest experimental time.

An experimentation of hand–arm tremor control using low-g area-changed capacitive micro-accelerometer

This paper aims to measure the human hand tremor caused by handheld device using a low-g micro-accelerometer. A novel low-g area-changed differential capacitive micro-accelerometer is designed and analyzed using microproduct design software INTELLISUITE 8.6. Thermo-electro-mechanical analysis is conducted for applied acceleration within the low-g range spans between 0 and 10 g. Existing design performances such as displacement and sensitivity are compared with new proposed design. The sensitivity of micro-accelerometer is improved by using U-shaped spring. The designed micro-accelerometer is used to find vibration that exists while using handheld device. Experimentation is done to measure vibration under dissimilar surfaces. The workers are made to drill three different surface blocks namely paver block, solid cement block, and black stone, and vibrations produced are recorded. These accelerations are intended to calculate exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit value (ELV) for 8 hours of a working day so that worker can halt the work as soon as ELV is accomplished.

Transforming the future of ophthalmology: artificial intelligence and robotics' breakthrough role in surgical and medical retina advances: a mini review.

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and its subfields, deep learning and machine learning, have become integral parts of ophthalmology, particularly in the field of ophthalmic imaging. A diverse array of algorithms has emerged to facilitate the automated diagnosis of numerous medical and surgical retinal conditions. The development of these algorithms necessitates extensive training using large datasets of retinal images. This approach has demonstrated a promising impact, especially in increasing accuracy of diagnosis for unspecialized clinicians for various diseases and in the area of telemedicine, where access to ophthalmological care is restricted. In parallel, robotic technology has made significant inroads into the medical field, including ophthalmology. The vast majority of research in the field of robotic surgery has been focused on anterior segment and vitreoretinal surgery. These systems offer potential improvements in accuracy and address issues such as hand tremors. However, widespread adoption faces hurdles, including the substantial costs associated with these systems and the steep learning curve for surgeons. These challenges currently constrain the broader implementation of robotic surgical systems in ophthalmology. This mini review discusses the current research and challenges, underscoring the limited yet growing implementation of AI and robotic systems in the field of retinal conditions.