Hand Function Training Research Articles

Upper and Lower Limb Training Evaluation System Based on Virtual Reality Technology.

Upper and lower limb rehabilitation training is essential for restoring patients' physical movement ability and enhancing muscle strength and coordination. However, traditional rehabilitation training methods have limitations, such as high costs, low patient participation, and lack of real-time feedback. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a rehabilitation training evaluation system based on virtual reality to improve the quality of patients' rehabilitation training. This paper proposes an upper and lower limb rehabilitation training evaluation system based on virtual reality technology, aiming to solve the problems existing in traditional rehabilitation training. The system provides patients with an immersive and interactive rehabilitation training environment through virtual reality technology, aiming to improve patients' participation and rehabilitation effects. This study used Kinect 2.0 and Leap Motion sensors to capture patients' motion data and transmit them to virtual training scenes. The system designed multiple virtual scenes specifically for different upper and lower limbs, with a focus on hand function training. Through these scenes, patients can perform various movement training, and the system will provide real-time feedback based on the accuracy of the patient's movements. The experimental results show that patients using the system show higher participation and better rehabilitation training effects. Compared with patients receiving traditional rehabilitation training, patients using the virtual reality system have significantly improved movement accuracy and training participation. The virtual reality rehabilitation training evaluation system developed in this study improves the quality of patients' rehabilitation and provides personalized treatment information to medical personnel through data collection and analysis, promoting the systematization and personalization of rehabilitation training. This system is innovative and has broad application potential in the field of rehabilitation medicine.

Focus group discussion on factors for development of somatosensory games on hand function training for self-care ability of children with autism

Objectives This paper aims to identify factors for designing somatosensory games targeting hand function, explicitly focusing on eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods A qualitative research methodology was used in the form of a focus group discussion, which was coordinated by a consortium consisting of parents of children with autism, therapists, and game designers. Results The discussion explored factors influencing hand function and self-care in autistic children and design directions for using somatosensory games to improve hand function and eating skills. The results identified several themes: education, manifestation factors, performance, cognition, and game design. Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of considering multiple aspects, such as motor, cognitive, and social abilities, when designing comprehensive assistance frameworks for autistic children. The proposed factors provide insights for designing effective and user-friendly somatosensory games to enhance hand function and self-care abilities in autistic children. The study contributes to understanding hand function training and self-care interventions in the context of ASD, bridging the gap between research and design in somatosensory game development.

High-intensity laser therapy combined with targeted hand function training for the treatment of grade 1-2 thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

To explore clinical effect of high-intensity laser therapy(HILT) combined with targeted hand function training on pain and lateral pinch force in grade 1-2 thumb carpometacarpal(CMC) osteoarthritis(OA). From April 2020 and April 2022, 42 female patients with thumb CMC OA grade 1 to 2, aged from 58 to 80 years old with an everage of (68.90±7.58) years old were divided into observation group of 21 patients who received HILT and targeted hand function training for 4 weeks, and 21 patients in control group who received ultrashort wave therapy combined with using of an orthosis for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was applied to evaluate degree of pain, function of finger was evaluated by dynamometer to measure lateral pinch force at baseline, immediately following intervention at 4 and 12 weeks following intervention. VAS and lateral pinch force at immediately and 12 weeks after intervention betwwen two groups were better than that of before intervention(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the degree of pain in observation group improved more(immediately after intervention t=3.37, P<0.05, 12 weeks after intervention t=9.05, P<0.05), lateral pinch force higher than that of control group (immediately after intervention t=-2.55, P<0.05, 12 weeks after intervention t=9.51, P<0.05). High-intensity laser therapy combined with targeted hand function training is more effective than traditional methods in improving pain and lateral pinch force in grade 1-2 thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.

A Systematic Review Of Development On Motion-Based Games On Upper Extremities Function For Self-Care Ability Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

In reaction to the pressing issue surrounding the self-care capacities of children with autism spectrum disorder, this paper reviews the existing empirical studies proving the usefulness of motion-based games therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder. This study is a systematic review of published studies. The databases Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE Complete，CINAHL, Scopus, and Eric were searched, revealing studies that were eligible for review. A total of 20 cross-sectional studies, all of which had relatively small samples, were included in the final analysis. Five included studies were from China, and six were from the USA. Most of the 20 studies employed experimental methodologies to investigate intervention moderation in a specific direction for children with autism. Fourteen employed qualitative research to examine the intervention and had fewer than or equal to 20 participants. The number of subjects in four studies topped 100,mostly in the form of quantitative research. The other four papers used a mixed-methods approach. This review demonstrates that interventions (interactive games such as somatosensory games, particularly for hand function training) can significantly enhance autistic children's self-care abilities. However, it is vital to do in-depth research on these therapy tools, given the basic state and growth of children with ASD.

Design and Development of a Spherical 5-Bar Thumb Exoskeleton Mechanism for Poststroke Rehabilitation.

This paper presents the kinematic design and development of a two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) spherical 5-bar thumb exoskeleton to augment the finger individuating grasp exercise robot (FINGER) rehabilitation robot, which assists the index and middle fingers individually in naturalistic grasping. The thumb module expands the capabilities of FINGER, allowing for broader proprioceptive training and assessment of hand function. The design process started by digitizing thumb-grasping motions to the index and the middle fingers separately, recorded from multiple healthy subjects utilizing a motion capture system. Fitting spheres to trajectory data of each subject allowed normalization of all subjects' data to a common center and radius. A two-revolute joint serial-chain mechanism was synthesized (intermediate optimization step) to reach the normalized trajectories. Next, the two resulting grasping trajectories were spatially sampled as targets for the 2DOF spherical 5-bar synthesis. Optimization of the spherical 5-bar included symmetry constraints and cost-function penalties for poor manipulability. The resulting exoskeleton assists both flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the thumb enabling a wide range of motions. Consistent with FINGER, the parallel structure of the spherical 5-bar places the actuators at the base of the module, allowing for desirable characteristics, including high backdrivability, high controllable bandwidth, and low mechanical impedance. The mechanical design was developed from the kinematic solution, including an adjustable thumb cuff to accommodate different hand sizes. Fit and function of the device were tested on multiple subjects, including survivors of stroke. A proportional-derivative force controller with gravity and friction compensation was implemented to reduce resistance to motion during subject testing.

손 기능 회복을 위한 신경인지재활치료 도구개발 버전 2

The hand is the external brain. The hands are motor organs that carry out the commands given by the brain, and they are the sensory organs that provide the most information to the brain. When you move your hands or accept changes in the outside world with your hands, your brain is activated. Using your hands is an act that stimulates the highest levels of mental functioning. The purpose of this research and development is to contribute to the efficient and effective recovery of hand function through the continuous development of neurocognitive rehabilitation therapy training tools.&#x0D; Innovative improvements to the function of the hand function recovery training tool version I. The fixing part is equipped with silicone adhesive pads for easy movement and fixation. The height of the support is 75 mm, and the maximum height of the training tool is 200 mm. The height was considered so that the head could be relaxed and trained to restore hand function. The rotating part is very creative. 180° turns are possible on the forehead surface and 270° turns on the sagittal surface. In addition, the entire rotating part has been developed to be able to rotate 360° degrees.&#x0D; Innovative improvements in neurocognitive rehabilitation training tools for hand function training have enabled efficient and effective training. It is hoped that it will be actively used in clinical practice and contribute to the recovery of hand function in patients.

Effect of exoskeleton manipulator on hand function rehabilitation for postburn patients

Purpose Patients with scar contracture deformities caused by hand burns were treated with an exoskeleton manipulator system, which was equipped with games to explore its clinical application value. Methods Twenty patients who were treated for post-burn scars of bilateral hands between October 2020 and June 2021 were selected (ChiCTR2000036232). The patients were divided into two groups: control, 10 patients (traditional outpatient treatment); and experimental, 10 patients (exoskeleton manipulator system treatment). We compared the change in the total active motion (TAM) value, grip strength, scar improvement, and postoperative pain improvement. Results After 3 months of rehabilitation training, the improvement of thumb TAM was 33.80 ± 11.38 ° in the experimental group and 23.2 ± 6.13 ° in the control group. With respect to the index finger TAM, the improvement in the experimental and control groups was 84.50 ± 30.96 ° and 54.80 ± 15.89 °, respectively. The middle finger TAM of the experimental and control groups improved by 86.75 ± 32.85 ° and 60.25 ± 17.97 °, respectively. However, improvement of grip strength, scar score, and pain score were similar between the two groups. Conclusions The exoskeleton manipulator system has excellent effects in improving burned hand joint movement, which is suitable for hand burn patients and has beneficial clinical effects. Implications for rehabilitation Exercise is an effective means to improve the hand function of burn patients. The application of mechanical devices in the rehabilitation of burned hands can effectively help patients exercise. The A5 Hand Function Training System is an exoskeleton mechanical device that can exercise the small joints of the hand. It assists patients in using different computer games during treatment.

GripAble: An accurate, sensitive and robust digital device for measuring grip strength.

IntroductionGrip strength is a reliable biomarker of overall health and physiological well-being. It is widely used in clinical practice as an outcome measure. This paper demonstrates the measurement characteristics of GripAble, a wireless mobile handgrip device that measures grip force both isometrically and elastically-resisted for assessment and training of hand function.MethodsA series of bench tests were performed to evaluate GripAble's grip force measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Measurement robustness was evaluated through repeated drop tests interwoven with error verification test phases.ResultsGripAble's absolute measurement error at the central position was under 0.81 and 1.67 kg (95th percentiles; N = 47) when measuring elastically and isometrically, respectively, providing similar or better accuracy than the industry-standard Jamar device. Sensitivity was measured as 0.062 ± 0.015 kg (mean ± std; 95th percentiles: [0.036, 0.089] kg; N = 47), independent of the applied force. There was no significant performance degradation following impact from 30 drops from a height >1.5 m.ConclusionGripAble is an accurate and reliable grip strength dynamometer. It is highly sensitive and robust, which in combination with other novel features (e.g. portability, telerehabilitation and digital data tracking) enable broad applicability in a range of clinical caseloads and environments.

Need for including Hand Eye Coordination and Hand Function Training in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis - A non-randomized control trial.

Objectives:The objective of the study was to identify the effect of Maitland mobilization with hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises in the prognosis of adhesive capsulitis.Methods:This non-randomized control trial was done with 40 patients with adhesive capsulitis referred to the OPD at UCA College of Physiotherapy, Chennai. The study was performed for 8 months duration from August 2018 to March 2019. After providing a sufficient explanation of the procedure, the patients were divided into Group-A and Group-B. Group-A were allocated to Maitland group (n=20) (MG) and Group-B, were assigned to the Maitland, Hand-eye coordination and Hand Function exercises group (n=20) (MHG), respectively. We measured Quality of life using SF36 to know whether these patients had poor QOL compared to normative. Each patient underwent testing before the experiment to evaluate the range of motion of the shoulder (Abduction and External rotation) measured using a 180º goniometer, Functional Disability assessed using SPADI index. Statistical analysis was applied using SPSS version 20.0. Before the study, data normality was tested. A parametric test was used to compare pre-and post-intervention data in each Group-And also compare the MG vs. MHG. An α < 0.05 is the level of significance in all analyses.Results:A total of 40 subjects accounted for the study results. Their quality of life was significantly lower from the normative values. Both groups were homogenous at baseline with no significant difference between the ROM and SPADI scores. Both groups showed a significant improvement in ER, abduction ROM and SPADI scores, however the between group posttest analysis revealed that the Group-B subjects progressed significantly better.Conclusions:The study concluded that the Maitland mobilization and hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises are an effective tool in improving shoulder abduction, external rotation and shoulder functions.

An Instrumented Glove-Controlled Portable Hand-Exoskeleton for Bilateral Hand Rehabilitation.

Effective bilateral hand training is desired in rehabilitation programs to restore hand function for people with unilateral hemiplegia, so that they can perform daily activities independently. However, owing to limited human resources, the hand function training available in current clinical settings is significantly less than the adequate amount needed to drive optimal neural reorganization. In this study, we designed a lightweight and portable hand exoskeleton with a hand-sensing glove for bilateral hand training and home-based rehabilitation. The hand-sensing glove measures the hand movement of the less-affected hand using a flex sensor. Thereafter, the affected hand is driven by the hand exoskeleton using the measured hand movements. Compared with the existing hand exoskeletons, our hand exoskeleton improves the flexible mechanism for the back of the hand for better wearing experience and the thumb mechanism to make the pinch gesture possible. We designed a virtual reality game to increase the willingness of repeated movement practice for rehabilitation. Our system not only facilitates bilateral hand training but also assists in activities of daily living. This system could be beneficial for patients with hemiplegia for starting correct and sufficient hand function training in the early stages to optimize their recovery.

Enhanced Kapandji test evaluation of a soft robotic thumb rehabilitation device by developing a fiber-reinforced elastomer-actuator based 5-digit assist system

The main function of human hands is to grasp and manipulate objects, to which the thumb contributes the most. Various robotic hand rehabilitation devices have been developed for providing efficient hand function training. However, there have been few studies on thumb rehabilitation devices. Previously, we proposed a soft thumb rehabilitation device which is based on a parallel-link mechanism, driven by two different types of soft actuators. In this study, the device was integrated into a 5-digit assist system, in which fiber-reinforced elastomer actuators with improved bending angles, forces, and degrees of freedom were assembled onto a forearm socket. The device was evaluated by an enhanced Kapandji-Test, which included also a pressing force measurement in addition to the reachable positions of the thumb on the opposing fingers. The results showed that with the proposed approach, thumb functions for hand rehabilitation could be realized, which paves the way towards a full hand rehabilitation package with the 5-digit soft robotic hand rehabilitation system.

Clinical observation on plum-blossom needle combined with rehabilitation training for hand spasm after stroke

To observe the effect difference between plum-blossom needle combined with rehabilitation training and conventional rehabilitation training for hand spasm after stroke. A total of 61 patients were randomly divided into a comprehensive treatment group (30 cases) and a rehabilitation training group (31 cases). In the rehabilitation training group, Bobath occupational therapy, OT training, and hand function training were adopted, once every day; on the basis of treatment in the rehabilitation group, plum-blossom needle was applied at the lung meridian of hand-taiyin, heart meridian of hand-shaoyin, pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin in the comprehensive treatment group. The treatment was given once every two days, three weeks as one course in the two gnoups. After 3 courses of treatment, clinical efficacy evaluation was performed, and the modified Ashworth scale and Fugl-Meyer (FMA) motor function scores were assessed before and after treatment. After treatment, the grade for Ashworth scale and FMA scores in the comprehensive treatment group and the rehabilitation trainning group were better than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and the improvements in hand spasm and hand fuction in the comprehensive treatment group were superior apparently to those in the rehabilitation trainning group (both P<0.05) The total effective rate of hand function was 93.3% (28/30) in the comprehensive treatment group, which was better than 74.2% (23/31) in the rehabilitation training group (P<0.05). Plum-blossom needle combined with rehabilitation training are more effective than simple rehabilitation training for hand spasm after stroke.

Effects of 8-week sensory electrical stimulation combined with motor training on EEG-EMG coherence and motor function in individuals with stroke

The peripheral sensory system is critical to regulating motor plasticity and motor recovery. Peripheral electrical stimulation (ES) can generate constant and adequate sensory input to influence the excitability of the motor cortex. The aim of this proof of concept study was to assess whether ES prior to each hand function training session for eight weeks can better improve neuromuscular control and hand function in chronic stroke individuals and change electroencephalography-electromyography (EEG-EMG) coherence, as compared to the control (sham ES). We recruited twelve subjects and randomly assigned them into ES and control groups. Both groups received 20-minute hand function training twice a week, and the ES group received 40-minute ES on the median nerve of the affected side before each training session. The control group received sham ES. EEG, EMG and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were collected at four different time points. The corticomuscular coherence (CMC) in the ES group at fourth weeks was significantly higher (p = 0.004) as compared to the control group. The notable increment of FMA at eight weeks and follow-up was found only in the ES group. The eight-week rehabilitation program that implemented peripheral ES sessions prior to function training has a potential to improve neuromuscular control and hand function in chronic stroke individuals.

Can parents provide hand function training for their child with cerebral palsy?

This commentary is on the original article by Ferre et al. on pages 497–504 of this issue.

Acupuncture based on nourishing spleen and kidney and dredging the governor vessel for motor function and ADL in children with spastic cerebral palsy

To compare the effects of acupuncture based on nourishing spleen and kidney and dre-dging the governor vessel (GV) combined with rehabilitation and simple rehabilitation for children with spastic cere-bral palsy. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each one. Physicotherapeutics and hand function training were used in the control group for 3 sessions with 20 d at the interval, 20 times as one session, once a day. Based on the treatment of the control group, acupuncture of nourishing spleen and kidney and dredging GV was applied in the observation group for 3 sessions with 20 d at the interval, 10 times as one session, once every other day. The acupoints were Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), Shenzhu (GV 12), Zhiyang (GV 9), Jinsuo (GV 8), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Gross motor function measure (GMFM), Peabody developmental fine motor scale and activities of daily living (ADL) scale were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. After treatment, the scores of GMFM and Peabody fine motor were apparently improved compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), with better results in the observation group (both P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 76.7% (46/60), which was obviously better than 65.0% (39/60) in the control group (P<0.05). Acupuncture based on nourishing spleen and kidney and dredging the governor vessel, as an assisted method for children with spastic cerebral palsy, can effectively improve gross and fine moter functions and activities of daily living.

Analysis of curative effect of treating radial nerve paralysis with inte-grated Chinese and Western medicine

objective to explore and analyze the therapeutic effect of Yiqi Tongluo decoction on patients with radial nerve paralysis . method Select my house2014 year 1 Month ~2015 year 6 patients treated with clinical diagnostic criteria for radial palsy 217 example is the object of study , to randomly divide it into atest group 109 Example and control group 108 example . control group take hand function training program , test groups on this basis combined Yiqi tongluo decoction scheme . compares efficacy and health of two groups Live quality score . Results The total effective rate of the test group is 97.25% higher than the control groups 75.93%, quality of life score higher than control group , differences have statistics Learn about ( corpse <0.05). Conclusion Effect of Yiqi Tongluo decoction in treating patients with radial nerve paralysis , quality of life improvement , is worth applying .

Robot-assisted post-stroke motion rehabilitation in upper extremities: a survey

AbstractRecent neurological research indicates that the impaired motor skills of post-stroke patients can be enhanced and possibly restored through task-oriented repetitive training. This is due to neuroplasticity – the ability of the brain to change through adulthood. Various rehabilitation processes have been developed to take advantage of neuroplasticity to retrain neural pathways and restore or improve motor skills lost as a result of stroke or spinal cord injuries (SCI). Research in this area over the last few decades has resulted in a better understanding of the dynamics of rehabilitation in post-stroke patients and development of auxiliary devices and tools to induce repeated targeted body movements. With the growing number of stroke rehabilitation therapies, the application of robotics within the rehabilitation process has received much attention. As such, numerous mechanical and robot-assisted upper limb and hand function training devices have been proposed. A systematic review of robotic-assisted upper extremity (UE) motion rehabilitation therapies was carried out in this study. The strengths and limitations of each method and its effectiveness in arm and hand function recovery were evaluated. The study provides a comparative analysis of the latest developments and trends in this field, and assists in identifying research gaps and potential future work.

손 기능 강화 훈련이 손의 기민성과 장악력에 미치는 영향

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to explore an effect exerted to non-affected hand and affected hand of patients by performing training of chopsticks and grasp strength that are helpful to dexterity and grasp strength of hand together with training method of joint exercise, muscle strength build-up training, delicate hand function training. Method : By targeting 30 normal adult male/females engaged in K university, Busan for one month on April, 2015, 10 persons of hand function build-up training group, that of dexterity training group and 10 persons of control group were randomly selected. For hand function build-up training group, chopsticks training in parallel with total 20 times of grasp strength training for 4 weeks including 5 minutes of dominant hand grasp strength training, 5 minutes of non-dominant hand grasp strength training, 15 minutes of chopsticks training was performed based on 25 minutes/one time, 5 times a week. Result : First, In a comparison of dexterity of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Secondly, In a comparison of manipulatory ability of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Conclusion : It is considered that diversified and broad research covering patients with musculoskeletal disease and nervous system-related disease would be performed by securing far more test subjects after comparing a correlation between dexterity training and hand function training.

손 기능 훈련이 손의 기민성에 미치는 영향

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide the material about the treatment effect of hand function training and writing training being performed as a part of treatment to improve the function of the non-dominant hand of the patients whose dominant hand is damaged and thus need to improve their non-dominant hand`s function. Method : During one month of November, 2013, this study randomly chose five study subjects for hand function training, five for writing training, and ten of control group from 20 normal male and female adults going to K Univ. in Busan. All study subjects fully understood all of the training course, agreed to take the test in this study, and volunteered to participate in the test. Each training was performed five times for two weeks, 30 minutes each time. For measurement, Purdue pegboard was used to look into the change of hand dexterity. To investigate an improvement in hand function through hand function training and writing training, this study conducted early evaluation before training, interim evaluation, and final evaluation. Result : First, according to the comparison of dominant hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dominant hand dexterity more than the control group. Secondly, according to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by group during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dexterity more than the control group. According to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by method during a training period, there was no big difference in dexterity between the groups of hand function training and of writing training and the control group. But, the group of hand function training showed a further improvement. Thirdly, according to the comparison of both-hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand dexterity more than the control group. Fourthly, according to the comparison of both-hand handling ability by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand handling ability more than the control group. Conclusion : Given the study result, it is considered that hand function training and writing training help brain damaged patients improve their hand function for their daily activity. And it will be meaningful to research brain damaged patients` motor skills after their brain damage, and the patients who have low abilities of visual perception and cognition. In the future, it will be necessary to secure more study subjects and perform systematic training during a sufficient test period.

Task-oriented functional electrical stimulation for training of upper extremity and hand function in patients with traumatic brain injury

Objective To observe the effects of task-oriented functional electrical stimulation in training of upper limb function,hand function and abilities of daily living in patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods Patients with hemiplegia after traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into three groups:a control group (n =29,conventional rehabilitation methods were used),a functional electrical stimulation group (FES group,n =28,functional electrical stimulation therapy was used based on conventional rehabilitation therapy),and a task-oriented functional electrical stimulation group (TFES group,n =29,task-oriented functional electrical stimulation therapy was applied based on conventional rehabilitation therapy).All the patients were treated for 3 months.Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale (FMA),goniometer,modified Barthel Index(MBI),and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were employed to evaluate the upper limb function,range of motion of hand and wrist joint,abilities of daily living,before treatment,and after one and three months of treatment,respectively.Results After 1 and 3 months of treatment,the FMA scores of patients in FES group were 27.21 ± 6.78 and 29.18 ± 9.03,and the range of wrist extension were 7.43° ± 4.44° and 14.86° ± 7.14°,respectively.Patients in TFES group got the score of 29.79 ± 8.64 and 31.86 ± 10.96 with FMA,7.34° ±7.35° and 18.97° ± 9.27° of wrist extension,respectively,after 1 and 3 months.The score of FMA and range of wrist extension in TFES group and FES group were significant higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the scores of FMA after 1 and 3 months of treatment in TFEA group were significantly better than those in the FES groupo.MBI and FIM scores after 3 months of treatment were (66.14 ± 23.60) and (82.38 ± 25.71),respectively,significantly higher than those in FES group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Task-oriented functional electrical stimulation therapy can improve upper limb functional,hand function and abilities of daily living in patients with traumatic brain injury. Key words: Traumatic brain injury; Functional electrical stimulation; Task-oriented therapy; Upper extremity function; Hand function