Half Tone Research Articles

Banana Cellulosic Fiber: A Natural Innovative and Sustainable Bio-Resource for Eco-Friendly Industrial Applications

Growing concern about changing climate triggered by global warming, agro-waste disposal and synthetic non-renewable products are major challenges. World is moving from non-degradable and no-renewable, bio-degradable recyclable sustainable substitutions. Thus, there is increasing demand for natural fibers to substitute altered fiber with organic plant fibers like banana tree. After fruit cutting huge banana biomass is leftover in the field with mean biomass generated by a single pseudostem is around1.44 (±0.6) kg on dry weight basis and half ton of banana waste emitted about 0.5-ton CO2 and burring caused global warming. This also badly affects the air quality index AQI (to measure the air pollution levels) by spreading fume mist affecting human and livestock health. A lignocellulose bio-fiber is extracted through raspador machine mechanically. The extracted fiber was processed with 1M NaOH at 80°C for 90 minutes for decontamination. We produced innovative green textile industrial cottage cellulosic organic banana pseudo-stem fiber. It has good spin able quality, durable, antibacterial attributes, and low weightage, absorption of moisture quality morphological and thermal characteristics. Its physico-chemical dynamics ie; fineness tex 3-7 strength bundle tex 20-30 level of moisture 10-11 and density 1.35 (g/cm3) staple Length 10-50 (cm) L/D ratio 150. Strength of tensile (MPa) 600-800. Elongation at break 3-9 (%). The banana fiber is best for potential materials for textile paper food and cottage, medical usage and eco and environment friendly wrapping industry. A novel eco-green technique could boost livelihood of the rural marginalized farmers with value added bio-products by value chain creating system to enhance circular economic wellbeing.

Analysis and Synthesis of Guitar Sounds with Hammer on Strumming Technique

This research aims to analyze and synthesize periodic signals derived from guitar string plucking with hammer-on technique. This research has three stages, namely the data collection stage, the analysis stage, and the synthesis stage. The guitar string was plucked with a tension of 2.5 N and recorded using a sound sensor connected to PASCO Capstone software. The data used has two variations, namely the sound signal of a hammer-on pluck with a half tone increase and a one tone increase. Data analysis was carried out using MATLAB software to obtain deviation graphs as a function of frequency, damping coefficient values, and frequency spectra. The results showed that after hammer-on the amplitude of the tone decreased drastically as the mass per unit length of the string decreased. The initial tone before the hammer-on will appear in the tone after the hammer-on with a lower amplitude as the mass per unit length of the string increases. The synthesis of guitar sounds with this technique is done by combining the individual tones obtained and adjusting the time interval and amplitude according to the literature data

The effect of HelioPod™ mobility on concentrated solar thermal project economics

The production of heat for industrial processes is one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, with the mining and minerals processing industry in South Africa as a substantial user of high-temperature process heat. South Africa produces 80 % of the world's manganese. The sintering of manganese in South Africa is fossil fuel intensive and emits nearly a million and a half tons of CO2 per year. Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) produces heat that can be utilised at a significantly lower cost than diesel firing, which is currently used for sintering. However, with CST being a nascent technology, most mining operations are reluctant to commit to its use. These risks can be minimised for the customer using an Energy Supply Company (ESCo or energy-as-a-service company) to provide heat to the mine.For the ESCo, one of the most significant risks is the potential for the mining customer to terminate the contract before the end of the life of the CST energy supply asset. Using a solar field based on heliostats, such as the HelioPod™, that can be redeployed presents a level of insurance against this risk. In this analysis, the economic advantage of the HelioPod™ solar field-based CST system is compared to that of a conventional permanent pedestal-based heliostat field. The comparison was made assuming early termination of the contract and scenarios where the CST facility was redeployed once or twice during the nominal life of the facility. The discounted cash flow analysis shows that reusing the heliostat field leads to significant economic improvements. The study shows that the conventional permanent heliostat system reduces the project NPV@7 % by up to 28 % compared to the HelioPod™ system with one move in the project's life.

Mobile Crane for Workshop

Abstract: In material handling, the cranes play a vital role in modern manufacturing industries. In our project we aim to fabricate a hydraulic operated floor crane for handling various kinds of materials. The hydraulic floor crane consists of mast, boom, base, lift cylinder, hand lever, hook and wheels. The hydraulic cylinder is pumped with the help of hand lever at the same time the material with the help of hook and hydraulic cylinder released to the pressure valve so the material is unloaded. The material from one place goes to the other place with the help of hydraulic floor crane. The crane reduces the worker’s fatigue and increases the overall efficiency of production process with good safety. The crane is fabricated with complete clear front, small compact frame, good reach, high lift. The crane has the capacity of lifting 250kg to half ton with wide spread application in the shop floor. Thus the floor crane would serve as a safe and versatile model for material handling operations.

Objects outline delineation by nonliniear filtration methods for boundary pixels

A processing of border pixel from pixel map originate problem while work with outline objects segmentation algorithm on bitmap images, which are based on 2D convolution operation. The problem correspond with addition set of pixels which are outside pixel matrix border of processing image. This problem is actual also in other algorithms, which have a common feature – 2D convolution operation. The level of importance are defined by multi used nonlinear filters to border pixels and then union a few images without distortions at the boundaries. The existing methods of pixel set redefining on pre processing step are primitive and affects on subsequent stages of processing. This affects exist between methods of redefining border pixels and algorithms of outline objects segmentation: Sharra, Pruitta, Sobel. The object of investigation is pixel map of halftone image. The subject of investigation is relation assessment between algorithms of outline objects segmentation with methods redefining border pixels. The main target is describing of features special methods to redefining border pixels which positively affecting the subsequent evaluation of the responses for this pixels by algorithms of outline objects segmentation. Analysis, the influence of the algorithm for the outline objects segmentation on the boundary pixels from the preliminary selection of methods of redefinition is carried out by example of combining several satellite images along the outline of urban infrastructure. For simplicity and by necessary of large data volume visualization (pixel half tone matrix size) presented graphs: halftone codes for redefining and border pixels, pixels requests for the algorithm of outline objects segmentation. By analysis criteria and characteristics of an effective method of redefining boundary pixels are described with correspond affects on algorithms of outline objects segmentation on bitmap images.

The use of sugarcane wastes in concrete

Cement production is held responsible of polluting the atmosphere with carbon dioxide (CO2). The researchers have shown that manufacturing of one ton of cement releases about half ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. So, there is a need to produce alternative cement instead of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse are difficult to dispose which result in environmental hazard. This study investigates the use of sugarcane wastes in concrete, where two forms of sugarcane wastes were used in this study. The first form was using the sugarcane bagasse ash as partial replacement of cement in both mortar and concrete mixes, where, in mortar, the used ratios were 5, 10, and 20% of the total weight of cement. But in concrete, the used ratios were 5, 7.5, and 10%. The samples were tested in compression and split tension. The results showed that the optimum ratio of using sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial replacement of cement was 5%. Similar results were obtained in both mortar and concrete sample. For the bagasse fibers, adding the fibers to the concrete mixture led to the reduction of compressive strength. But on the other hand, the addition of bagasse fibers reduced the crack width formed in the slab.

Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Granite Powder and Fine Aggregate with Saw Dust Ash and Quarry Dust

Abstract: The partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate with granite powder and saw dust ash, quarry dust when it is able for sustainable development is characterized by application, we came to know that a lot of damage is done to environment in the manufacturing of cement that the ton of cement manufacture releases half ton of co2 and control of the granite powder same way granite powder and saw dust is cheaper in cost. In this investigation of granite slurry and saw dust was used to partial substitute in proportions varying from 10%, 20%, 30% by weight to cement in concrete and tested from compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. Concrete cubes measuring. 150 x 150 x 150 mm were cast and their compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength is evaluation at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. It was observed that replacement at 10% of cement by weight with granite powder in concrete was the most effective in increasing compressive and flexural strength compare to other ratios. The test results were plotted for 10% ratio of granite slurry and saw dust having great compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength compared to 20%, 30% ratio. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite slurry and saw dust is a good partial replacement to concrete and improves compressive, tensile, workability, flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially. Keywords: Granite waste, saw dust ash, sound absorption, compressive strength, flexibility, workability, Quarry Dust.

Review: Cold War and Architecture: The Competing Forces That Reshaped Austria after 1945

Review: <i>Cold War and Architecture: The Competing Forces That Reshaped Austria after 1945</i>

Water Soluble Polymers as a Means to Increase Flow Capacity: Field Experiment of Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives in an Irrigation Canal

AbstractA drag reduction method by polymer additives was tested for the first time in a large scale open-channel watercourse. Ten and a half tons of a water soluble polymer were injected during 15 ...

Influence of Some Flexographic Printing Process Conditions on the Optical Density and Tonal Value Increase of Overprinted Plastic Films

The print quality of prints performed with flexographic printing technology is influenced by various parameters such as viscosity of the printing inks, printing substrates, plates, anilox rolls, etc. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of ink viscosity, printing plate and printing base on selected properties of print quality, such as optical density of full tone area and the increase of tonal value (TVI). Additionally, the printed dots on 5, 15, 30, 50 and 75% of half tone area were investigated using digital microscopy. The least square fitting method in a matrix form was successfully used in order to confirm the influence of printing process parameters on print quality. The results obtained reveal the significant influence of the printing plate and printing substrate characteristics and the lesser influence of printing ink viscosity for 40–100% coverage area. The values of the optical densities of full tone areas are mainly influenced by the properties of the printing plate and the printing base. Furthermore, the optical density decreases when the value of flow time decreases, which is related to the lower thickness of dried ink film. The TVI on light tones (0 to 20%) is mainly influenced by the ink viscosity.

Totobuang Music Enculturation in Ambon City Community Arts

Totobuang music is traditional Ambonese music that is usually used in a variety of events both religious rituals and customs, with a diatonic major scale without a semi-tone / half tone. Totobuang itself consists of small gongs with a total of 12-16 pieces that sound melodies, and combined with drums that sound the rhythm. Totobuang music until now is traditional music that is still maintained and exists in modern society with the development of modern music that is growing rapidly. These developments make totobuang music can compete with other modern music. Thus this study aims to analyze and understand the totobuang music enculturation in Ambon City art activities, using qualitative methods with observation data collection techniques, namely directly observing the totobuang music enculturation process, structured and unstructured interviews to get information about totobuang music enculturation. and study documents to support the results of observations and interviews, as well as triangulation techniques to analyze data about how the totobuang music enculturation process in the Ambon City community's wedding activities. The results showed that totobuang music enculturation in the Ambon City community art activities took place through a process of inheritance in a family that continues today. The durability and sustainability of totobuang music in the Ambon City community's art activities has reached six centuries, because there is a cultural awareness from the community to carry out the culture process in their respective families. Art activities that occur in society make totobuang music as traditional music has a place in modern society.

PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POTATO TUBERS RELATED TO STORAGE CONDITIONS

The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of traditional and cold storage condition on physiological and physical characteristics of Lady Rosetta potato tuber variety, as one of the most important commodity for chips industrials and for exporting, but it is very sensitive for handling and storage. Half ton of fresh tubers of each of two soils cultivar (Sandy and Black soil) were cleaned and the deteriorate tubers were discarded. The tubers were graded into three sizes based on its mass. Potato tubers were cured, then the potatoes of each cultivar were divided into two samples each of 250 kg for long term storage (200 days) under two different conditions, Nawalla (aerated natural traditional condition), and under cooling condition (8C and relative humidity of 85 %).The results data of fresh and stored potatoes of different storage treatments including physiological and physical characteristics demonstrated graphically and statistical analysis conducted. The physiological measurements are moisture content, sugar content and respiration rate. The physical characteristics measurements are including dimensions, surface area, volume, spherecity, mass, particle and bulk density. Analysis of the results obtained showed that there are linear multiple regression relationships between each of mass loss %, shrinkage of tuber dimensions %, shrinkage of volumes %, particle and bulk density at each of storage condition, storage periods, tubers mass and static load stress for each of sandy and black soil cultivars. Respiration rate (mg CO2/kg.h) of fresh tubers was directly proportion with tuber specific surface area and inversely proportion with tubers mass for all cultivars. Sugar content (Brix) positively affected by each of type of soil, storage temperature, static load stress, storage time and tuber mass.

Fertilizing growth: Agricultural inputs and their effects in economic development

This paper estimates the role of agronomic inputs in cereal yield improvements and the consequences for countries' processes of structural change. The results suggest a clear role for fertilizer, modern seeds and water in boosting yields. We then test for respective empirical links between agricultural yields and economic growth, labor share in agriculture and non-agricultural value added per worker. The identification strategy includes a novel instrumental variable that exploits the unique economic geography of fertilizer production and transport costs to countries' agricultural heartlands. We estimate that a half ton increase in staple yields generates a 14 to 19 percent higher GDP per capita and a 4.6 to 5.6 percentage point lower labor share in agriculture five years later. The results suggest a strong role for agricultural productivity as a driver of structural change.

An Image Processing Technique for Determining Missing dots in Half Tone Multi-coloured Prints

This paper presents an image processing technique for determining the amount of missing dots in half tone multi-coloured prints. Two methods for solving the problem are presented. The first method is based on the least squares technique, while the second one involves calculation of the city block distance transform. The first method determines the exact number and place of missing dots in an observed area. It requires, however, the printed dots to be approximately regularly distributed in the observed area. The second method does not count the number of missing dots, instead, it estimates the percentage of an observed area where density of the dots is less than an observed average. The second method is more robust and general.

PENGENALAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH UNTUK ANAK-ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK MELALUI MEDIA BANNER

Everybody have a responsibility for their enviroment to kept clean. Human population as a important part of environment problems. All activity that human do will produce the rubbish, and it makes big persentage to contribute to make enveroment will be dirty in this world. Because everybody will produce about 1 Kg for day and, a half ton every years. Bad management it makes negative effect for human healty. And good management will be good solution for enveroment problems, as spacial rubbish. Introducting rubbish management to children under five years its mean to solve a problems for logtherm. Basicly kindergarthen cant read well. So that, the way to introducting use a banner media. By this way, a little word an many picture will make they understand abbout the message for manage the rubbish. When this way were appicated in five school, not only student was interset to this media (banner) but, a parents who attend their also enthusiast to following this activity. Kata kunci:Pengenalan pengelolahan sampah, media banner.

Remember September: Re-performing the Burmese ‘Saffron Revolution’ at the Singapore Biennale

In the autumn of 2008, artists Chaw Ei Thein and Richard Streitmatter-Tran and collaborators laboured outside in the sweltering heat to create September Sweetness, an installation made of five and a half tons of sugar, for the second Singapore Biennale. September Sweetness was intended to honour the memory of those who perished in the 2007 uprisings known as the ‘Saffron Revolution’ in Myanmar, and to show the ‘erosion of hope’ for a better future. September Sweetness took place a number of years ago now, but the intentionally ephemeral nature of the art object itself – a sugar temple that gradually melted away – as well as its social reception, multiple meanings and collaborative construction process, and the ways in which the memory of the work continue to resonate with past and present politics, make the performative acts that radiated through this project important to recount.

P‐60: Basic Design for Half Tone Performance of Organic Insulation Negative PAC for the Novel IPS Structure

AbstractIn many areas, including IPS Display SiNx to be replaced by an organic insulating film. We called negative Photo Acrylate (PAC). New half tone negative PAC was developed a △H 25,000 Å. The half tone PAC material designed of the photo‐initiator efficiency in 365nm wavelength and applies photo/thermal adhesion Promoters.

Visual Secret Sharing Using Cryptography

The Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) is a kind of secret sharing scheme that focuses on sharing secret im- ages. The basic idea of the visual cryptography scheme is to split a secret image into number of random shares (printed on transparencies) which separately reveals no information about the secret image other than the size of the secret image. The secret image can be reconstructed by stacking the shares. The underlying operation of this scheme is logical OR operation. The Embedded Extended Visual Cryptography Scheme (EEVCS) uses meaningful covering shares. The scheme EEVCS can be implemented by embedding random shares of secret image into meaningful cover images.The halftoning method is used to convert the gray scale image into binary im- age. After Studying existing Dithering technique of half ton- ing, Otsus Thresholding method is proposed. Least Significant Bit (LSB) matching steganography technique is used to hide the secret pixel information into the covering images.Related works on visual cryptography scheme are also investigated and it was observed that visual quality of recovered secret images are low by using existing dithering halftone based EEVCS techniques.Including Otsus Thresholding method for halfton- ing of an image can produce bright image in a better way. LSB matching steganography is a useful method to hide the secret image. This research aims at employing LSB matching stega- nography with Otsu's method to develop an efficient EEVCS system. Index Terms - Embedded extended visual cryptogra- phy scheme, Otsu's Method, Dithering technique, Least Sig- nificant bit, Visual cryptography Scheme. IntroductionTHE basic principle of the visual cryptography scheme (VCS) was first introduced by Naor and Shamir. VCS is a kind of secret sharing scheme (1), (2) that focuses on sharing secret images. The idea of the visual cryptography model proposed in (3) is to split a secret image into two random shares (printed on transpa- rencies) which separately reveals no information about the secret image other than the size of the secret image. The secret image can be reconstructed by stacking the two shares. The underlying operation of this scheme is logical operation OR. In this paper, we call a VCS with random shares the traditional VCS or simply the VCS. In general, a traditional VCS takes a secret image as input, and outputs shares that satisfy two conditions: 1) any qual- ified subset of shares can recover the secret image; 2) any for- bidden subset of shares cannot obtain any information of the secret image other than the size of the secret image. An example of traditional (2,2)-VCS is shown in Fig. 1.In the scheme of Fig. 1, shares (a) and (b) are distributed to two participants secretly, and each participant cannot get any information about the secret image, but after stacking shares (a) and (b), the secret image can be observed visually by the par- ticipants. VCS has many special applications, for example,

Fertilizing Growth: Agricultural Inputs and Their Effects in Economic Development

This paper uses cross-country panel data to estimate the agronomic inputs that lead to cereal yield improvements and the consequences for developing countries' processes of structural change. The results suggest a clear role for fertilizer, modern seeds and water in boosting yields. It then estimates empirical links in developing economies between increased agricultural yields and economic growth; in particular, the spillover effect from yield growth to declines of labor share in agriculture and increases of non-agricultural value added per capita. The identification strategy for the effect of fertilizer includes a novel instrumental variable that exploits variation in global fertilizer price, interacted with the inverse distance between each country’s agriculturally weighted centroid and the nearest nitrogen fertilizer production facility. Results suggest that a half ton increase in staple yields (equal to the within-country standard deviation) generates a 13 to 20 percent higher GDP per capita, a 3.3 to 3.9 percentage point lower labor share in agriculture five years later, and approximately 20 percent higher non-agricultural value added per worker a decade later. The results suggest a strong role for agricultural productivity as a driver of structural change.

Data Compression for Video-Conferencing using Half tone and Wavelet Transform

Overhead of data transmission over internet is increasing exponentially every day. Optimization of natural bandwidth is the basic motive by compressing image data to the maximum extend. For the same objective, combination of lossy half tone and lossless Wavelet Transform techniques is proposed so as to obtain low-bit rate video data transmission. Decimal values of bitmapped image are to be converted into either 1 or 0 in half toning process that incur pictorial loss and gives 8:1 compression ratio (CR) irrespective of image. Wavelet Transform is applied on half tone image for higher compression for various levels. An experimental result shows the higher CR, minimum Mean Square Error (MSE). Ten sample images of different people captured by Nikon camera are used for experimentation. All images are bitmap (.BMP) 512 X 512 in size. The proposed technique can be used for video conferencing, storage of movies and CCTV footage etc.