Half-structured Interviews Research Articles

Mathematics Exploration Extant in The Checker Game: A Mathematics Teaching Contribution

Aversion to mathematics shown by learners belonging to different age stages, worries and challenges mathematicians and/ or mathematics teachers to develop surveys which might improve learners´ mathematics learnings. “Thawing” recondite mathematics in several games may aid to provide a different mathematics vision. The current research article aims to identify and analyze the “concealed” mathematics through checker games played in Angola, mostly in Cuando Cubango province. The survey is placed in ethnomathematics and considering its sorts, qualitative methodology has been used supported by a half-structured interview, direct observation to picture recording. The research was conducted in the Menongue municipality (Cuando Cubango capital city). The three versions of checkers games were described (12 by 12; 10 by 10 and 8 by 8), some questions were created that guided this investigation (Why does the structure of the checkers game have the same number of rows and columns? Why do players when placing checkers pieces in the middle always leave two empty rows? Why is the sum of rows and columns equal to the even number? Why is each painted square on the checkers board corresponds to an odd number?) and, finally, some mathematical concepts involved in that game were explored (such as, for example, the notion of the Cartesian plane, diagonal lines, distance between two points, median (element of Statistics), numbers even and odd).

Problems and Challenges of Digitalization for University Staff. The Case of the University of Tirana

During this dynamic period, digital technology is being rapidly applied in education, enabling innovative methods for the development of the university institution, teaching, knowledge assessment, institutional communication, and communication between educators, administrative staff, and students, as well as serving as an international ranking standard. In this regard, the University of Tirana has initiated the digital transformation process, which was deeply understood and significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is going on in conformity with the growth and increase of investments closely connected with continuous technological developments side by side with the investments for the qualification of human resources, which serve and benefit this professional community as well as the improvement in the fields of Law and Administration based on the standards of digital ethics. Being the biggest university community in Albania, it has become a necessity to build a survival, friendly welcoming, just safe, and life-sustaining digital community. This is the key to solving the educational and administrative problems facing students, and academic and administrative staff. Besides being a vision for the University's development, it is an ethical vision as well. Moreover, it stands as an ethical challenge. This work based on the data from the study “Digital Ethics, Humane and Institutional Agora and the University of Tirana” aims at exploring the impact of age on digital ethics, both for the academic and support staff at the University of Tirana, with a special focus on staff aged 45 and above. Data from a survey conducted in the November-December 2022 period have been used, involving 315 educators out of a total of 746 and 214 support staff out of 334 to achieve at least 95% reliability. The data was based on half-structured interviews focusing on groups composed of university academic and administrative staff. Descriptive and inferential analyses using the chi-square test for independence have been used to determine whether age influences the following, for academic and administrative staff: 1. accurate knowledge of digital ethics, 2. responsible use of digital tools, 3. trust in UT in using and preserving information for students and academic staff, 4. security issues, and 5. efforts to enhance awareness of keeping pace with the time in the university environment. This work aims to address the issues that have arisen to take specific measures by the responsible authorities to increase knowledge about digital ethics at all levels, actors, and factors, within UT.

Being a mother as a healthcare professional in the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the changes in relationships between healthcare professional mothers and their preschool-aged children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition, the second objective of this study was to propose a new phenomenon that explains “being a mother as a healthcare professional” during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The participants of the research were 16 healthcare professional mothers (8 doctors and 8 nurses) who had worked in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a preschool-aged child. The research was conducted in accordance with the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research designs. The research data were obtained through face-to-face interviews between the researchers and the participants using half-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. Colaizzi’s 7-step method was used for evaluation of the data. Results: According to the research findings, the phenomenon of “being a mother as a healthcare professional” was gathered under four main themes: emotional reactions, new normal in life, difficulties that pandemic brought in life and coping strategies with these difficulties. Conclusion: The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic caused many changes in the lives of healthcare professional mothers and their children; these mothers and children built some emotional reactions, and they developed various strategies to overcome these emotional reactions.

Deutschschweizer Geschichtslehrpersonen als Akteure der Themenbestimmung in einer globalisierten Lebenswelt: ein Fallbeispiel aus einer empirischen Studie

This paper treats Swiss high school history teacher’s practice of lesson preparation, focusing the construction of topics in the context of a globalized world. Four half-structured interviews were conducted with high school history teachers and subsequently evaluated. The paper zooms in on one interview as case example. The survey concludes with the main finding, that despite of teacher’s awareness of their students’ interests and perspectives and the range of didactical opportunities allowed by the frame of the curriculum, they rather shy away from consequently implementing approaches based on a globalized world.

Graffiti for the City or the City for Graffiti? Legitimacy of Graffiti in the Historical Center of Saint-Petersburg

In contemporary society there are two contradictory points of view concerning graffiti: it is vandalism; it is art. In the cities graffiti is treated ambiguously: negatively, quietly or with interest and approval. The reasons for this may be both in citizens’ tastes and in the characteristics of the graffiti itself. Why do citizens consider some graffiti acceptable and some not? This work deals with the research of the legitimacy of the graffiti in the historical center of Saint-Petersburg. The purpose of the research is to reveal the foundations of the legitimacy of illegal graffiti in the historical center.
 The empirical basis consists of half-structured interviews analyzed with the thematic coding. The results show that a positive or negative reaction on the illegal graffiti appears during the discussion on the representational qualities, surface and content of the graffiti. The legitimate graffiti in the historical center of Saint-Petersburg has a connection with the history of the city and famous people, and it is also considered as a creative asset that transforms dilapidated surfaces. The results of the research may be used for the resolution of the conflicts between the citizens, graffiti creators and government officials providing the basis for a dialog on the common usage of the urban space. This work is also intended for the researchers of urban space, cultural city landscape and in sociology of art.

Retrospective Memories of Parents about Behaviour of Their Children During Lockdown

IntroductionThe trace in the memory left by the COVID-19 pandemic is no less important than the immediate reaction on it.ObjectivesThe objective was to study the parent-child relations during the strict lockdown (April 2020) on the material of parental memories focusing on emotional reactions and behaviour of children.MethodsThe material was collected in July-August 2020 in a small city in south Russia. The group included 88 parents (average age 34±5). 42 parents had an only child, 38 two children and 7 from 3 to 5 children. Methods used in the study included questionary, half-structured interview.Results61% estimated the lockdown as “very stressful and difficult.” Vast majority (86 parents) said that the situation was constantly discussed in the family, 2 parents demonstrated the reaction of denial saying that the situation was never discussed at home. Respondents mentioned “increase of anxiety,” “insecurity,” “conflicts within the family,” etc. In most cases, parents did not succeed to provide a constructive and balancing explanation, which would answer the child’s wish to understand the situation. Describing the children’s reactions on the changes in the usual way of life, parents stressed anxious (15%) and explosive-angry reactions (10%), with prevalence of apathy, tendency to “stick to” the adult (45%). 30% of parents did not notice any changes in their children’s behaviour.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the need in clinical-psychological solutions, which would be designed for wide use (“collective patient”) and aimed at explanation of the situation of pandemic to the children of different ages, belonging to different social groups.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The effects of video gaming on academic effectiveness of higher education students during emergency remote teaching

Abstract The pandemic caused a new digital scheme of work to be implemented in higher educational institutes to avoid physical contact, which is referred to as emergency remote teaching in the literature (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020). The inevitable consequence of emergency remote teaching (later on ERT) was that the students’ inter-and extra organisational relationships decreased significantly (Pusztai & Győri, 2021). Based on the results of previous studies, we know that the lack of student relationships is strongly related to ineffectiveness (Astin, 1993; Pusztai, 2015; Tinto, 1975), which was also identified during the period of ERT (Pusztai & Győri, 2021). In the current study, firstly, we hypothesised that the students’ social interactions, which were accomplished by video gaming, could compensate for isolation (Pisan, 2007) and improve their effectiveness. Secondly, we hypothesised that video gaming might prove ineffective due to stressful and uncertain periods as well as avoidance of activity. In our study, we applied database analysis (Learning Alone database, N = 677) and half-structured interviews (N = 19). In the quantitative sample, we identified that increased gaming time (compared to the time spent before the pandemic) was related to persistence reduction, whereas similar results were obtained with the reduced playing time. In addition, the interview participants reinforced that they used video gaming as a tool to maintain their relationships during ERT, and they tended to do so in their relationships with other students as well. Thus it can be said that video gaming is an extracurricular activity that could affect academic effectiveness positively and negatively at the same time.

Creativity towards Design Based Learning in STEM Education

<p align="justify">Creativity is a key component in the last century skills and has been highlighted in curricular research globally especially in Indonesia. This research therefore aimed at analyzing and identifying perspectives of creativity by pre-service teachers when a likely solution step was generated in the DBL. Three separate design based learning activities were undertaken by 13 female and 11 male pre-service teachers. Two separate methods have been used for analysis of data gathered from pre-service teachers’ writings and drawings, half-structured interviews, and field notes. In quantitative study of pre-service teachers' works and in exploring the notions of creativity, fluency, flexibility, and originality. In this study descriptive analysis was used. In semi-structured interviews and field notes the findings of the descriptive analysis included quality anal­yses. Description analysis showed the highest showed in creativity and flexibility, but the lowest was originality. The findings of content analysis further showed a variety of factors influencing the uniqueness of pre-service teachers ideas including exposure of people to ideas, knowledge of design based learning and the prototyping of pre-service teachers' ideas. The study results might enhance the usage of DBL to help educators and researchers understand the strengths and limits of their pupils through the creativity and STEM education.</p>

Spokojenost v dlouhodobých partnerských vztazích: kvalitativní studie českých heterosexuálních párů

This article presents the results of the qualitative research, which pursued the topic of satisfaction in relationships in Czech couples. The results are compared with the outcomes of several studies from abroad. The first part of the paper consists of a brief introduction to the topic and present the results of studies with a similar design. The second part describes the research, which was part of Zuzana Kalousovaʼs thesis in 2017. It is a qualitative research conducted via half-structured interviews with 22 respondents who have been in a satisfactory relationship for over ten years. To analyze the data, we used grounded theory. The results were ten categories that contributed to satisfaction in relationships: overcoming of differences and obstacles, doing things together, communication, endurance, not trying to solve everything, harmony, safety, good choice of spouse, stable financial situation, family.

Šizofrenija sergančių artimųjų santykių pokyčiai ir stigmatizacijos patirtis pirminiame socialiniame tinkle

The goal of this article is to analyze the challenges that arise from stigma and that relatives of people with Schizophrenia face in their relationships in primary social network. Schizophrenia does not only change everyday life and relationships of the ill but also of their relatives. This topic is not researched in Lithuania. Meanwhile in the international context, the biggest attention is paid to the subjective and objective burden that relatives of the people with Schizophrenia face, leaving aside the changes and dynamics in their relationships. Therefore, in this article the influence of the stigmatization on the relationships in the closest environment of patient is discussed. In order to achieve this goal, qualitative research has been completed and 15 half-structured interviews with the people who have relatives, who suffer from Schizophrenia, were carried out. The relation to the person with Schizophrenia varied according to the individual cases – some of them were spouses, some where children, parents, siblings or further relatives. The results of the research reveal that Schizophrenia causes complex emotional experiences of patient’s family members, and gives an effect on relationships within the family, as well as on relationships of the ill and his family members with further relatives, friends, neighbors and colleagues.

Undergraduate students’ attitudes to COVID-19 during the lockdown period: Hierarchy of psychological factors

IntroductionThe effect of COVID-19 on different age groups is not the same. It is of great interest to see how specifically students, who are regarded as a less susceptible group, relate to COVID-19 during the period of government imposed lockdown.ObjectivesTo determine the factorial structure of the revealed university students’ attitudes to COVID-19 during the period of lockdown and distance learning.MethodsWe questioned online 127 male and 200 female Russian universities students during their distance learning. We used a 17-point Attitude towards COVID-19 Questionnaire based on the results of the half-structured interview with the students. We subjected the received data to a factor analysis.ResultsWith the principal components method, we obtained a five-factor structure of the questionnaire under study with the total variance of 65.2%. According to the content of the questions, we defined these factors in the following way: factor of COVID-19 danger to the society (with variance – 20.2%); factor of ruined personal life plans (14.0%); factor of COVID-19 threat to personal health and life (13.9%); factor of disbelief in COVID-19 dangers (9.1%) and factor of expecting new pandemics (8.0%). Here is the hierarchy of the mean numbers of students who had maximal points in each of the factors mentioned: 66.6%; 59.3%; 24.4%; 23.9% and 23.2%.ConclusionsThe students’ attitudes to COVID-19 depended on different tendencies during the lockdown period. The prevailing perception of COVID-19 as a real threat to health and life went together with the undervaluation of its significance and a shift to everyday life issues.

Explaining the Care Experiences of Mothers of Children with Hirschsprung's Disease: A Qualitative Study.

Hirschsprung’s disease is a gastrointestinal anomalies that disrupts excretion. In this disease, like other chronic diseases; mothers undergo a lot of care. Considering the concept of nursing care, it is important to understand the care and its effects on the parents, the child, and care improvement. The purpose of this study is to understand the care experiences of parents of children with Hirschsprung’s disease. In this qualitative study which was performed by content analysis approach, 12 participants were selected from mothers of children with Hirschsprung’s disease who were referred to pediatric surgeries through purposeful sampling. The data collection method was a half-structured interview. All interviews were recorded and then were handwritten word by word and data were analyzed using Elo and Kyngas qualitative content analysis method. Data analysis began from the time of the first interview and in parallel to the next interviews (simultaneous analysis). At the beginning, the first-level coding was done. Data analysis led to the emergence of 3 main themes: “erosion care, socio-economic challenges, acceptance, and position-matching,” and each of the themes included several sub-themes. The results of this study showed that parents of children with Hirschsprung despaired of concern and suffering from care which these suffers included physical, psychological, social, and material dimensions, but was also associated with satisfaction and acceptance of the disease. These findings emphasize that one of the most important tasks of nurses in clinical institutions, especially in relation to these children, is to provide proper family-centered care.

The Psychosocial Impact of Modifying Face and Body Photographs in Social Media

Social media usage has become widespread in the past decade, and studying its far-reaching impacts requires an interdisciplinary approach. This pilot study takes the first step in discovering the psychosocial impact of specific media content, modified face and body photographs, and the act of modifying in this context with a mixed-method assessment. The analysis is based on structured interviews with ten social media users with various demographic traits (such as gender, age, or education) who were presented eight pairs of "before-and-after modification" photographs and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess a possible relationship between modified face and body photographs in social media and depression. All the participants encountered such face and body photographs that they considered "modified". The definition of modification was "retouching, editing, using filters or any kind of digital altering mechanism". Seventy per cent of users admitted that they took the opportunity to modify photographs of their face and body. The average Beck score of the image modifiers was 7.14, while non-modifiers' was 2.33. Thirty per cent of the interviewees probably had mild depression or were in a mildly depressive state during the data collection based on their Beck scores; all were image modifiers exposed to modified pictures. Besides the fully structured interviews with social media users, half-structured interviews were also recorded with four experts – a social psychologist, a clinical psychologist, a plastic surgeon, and a professional photographer – to gain a deeper understanding of this complex topic and contribute to further, more extensive research on this area.

Changes in News Radio Editors Work in the Context of Digitalization

The aim of this research is to study the impact ща the new technologies on the contemporary news radiobroadcasting. The research methods include a half-structured interview with top managers of Russian news radio stations. The interview showed that digitalization has had a significant influence on almost all aspects of work of the news radio, from searching for information to professional requirements for the staff and the organization structure of the radio’s editorial board. Having analyzed the results of the interview, the authors have made the following inferences. The number of the competences the personnel of a news radio station is to possess has increased. The technological development has led to multitasking in the work of the personnel of a news radio: via the computer and mobile devices, they have to combine searching for information and working on the text with looking through and texting messages, and promoting their content in social networks. Due to its usability and operational efficiency, communication via messengers has almost replaced personal communication, telephone conversations and e-mail writing. As for the effect of digitalization on the economic aspect of radio stations’ activity, it has been ambivalent. On the one hand, it has helped radio stations to minimize expenses on data storage, thanks to the cloud services. On the other hand, the work on the new formats, launch of new applications and hiring content managers have required other expenses. The most common change in the structure of a typical radio editorial board is the emergence of IT departments. However, some aspects of work of news radio stations have remained unchanged despite digitalization. For instance, the use of FM-band is still popular with the market participants, who are not ready for expenses on transition to a new format.

The social pedagogic adaption of individuals with mental health disorders

The article presents the results of research and practical social pedagogical activities carried out jointly by Laboratory of Social Projects of Belgorod State University, Borisovka Psycho-Neurological Boarding School and the non-governmental public organization of social initiatives "Faith". The project was implemented during March - November 2018 in the Belgorod Oblast of the Russian Federation. The study implemented such methods of collecting primary sociological data as monitoring of educational and social activities of individuals with mental health problems residing in psycho-neurological boarding school; half-structured interview of experts - employees of psycho-neurological boarding school and teachers. Actually, social adaptation of individuals with mental health problems is an acute social problem. They belong to the most vulnerable population group wrapped with complex of social stereotypes and various signs of social deadaptation. The social adaptation of such personalities is achieved by involvement into social educational activities. The study results demonstrated that there are a number of psychological and pedagogical difficulties in face-to-face training for individuals with mental health problems. Among them are serious emotional reactions in response to actions of teacher or other students; behavior disorders, decreasing of education motivation, inadequate self-assessment. The remote education permits to avoid these and other difficulties. The individual with mental health problems while in appropriate comfortable conditions can receive effective education, support themselves materially and be useful member of society. The study established such most effective methods of remote education for individuals with mental health problems as information-receptive method; reproductive method; method of cognitive visualization of case studies from practice and research method.

Characteristics of adolescents' active lifestyle in the city of Ljubljana

Purpose: The aim of our study was to analyse the characteristics of the active lifestyle of adolescents and relations to some environmental correlates in the city of Ljubljana.
 Methods: The characteristic of active lifestyle on the sample of 269 students of The Secondary School of Nursing Ljubljana (206 females, 63 men), aged 16-18 years) via an online questionnaire were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test was used (at p < 0.05 - 5 %. level). In the second part, half-structured interviews were conducted, with former students of same school (no. 6); to evaluated their approach to physical education hours activities, their general active lifestyle and their evaluation of the environmental correlates factors: physical (facilities, equipment), social (social support and social norms) or institutional (policies).
 Results: Results show that the majority of students (44.96 %) were physically active at least two to three times per week. The students partly agree (3.7/5) that sports activities play an essential role in their general lifestyle. Furthermore, they care about leading a healthy lifestyle (3.7/5), eating healthy food (3.7/5). Students evaluated physical factors as appropriate (in municipality 76.15%, at the state level 71.49%), and social (parents) support as appropriate. The former students are on the opinion that physical environmental factors around their school (facilities, equipment) are optimal, but they regret, that they were not used enough; not during PE lessons, neither in leisure time.
 Conclusion: Based on our results, we propose better cooperation between all included factors, which can support improvement of active lifestyle of adolescents.

ІНФОРМАЛЬНА ОСВІТА ЯК МЕТОД ПОДОЛАННЯ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ МОЛОДИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ

The article shows the effectiveness of informal education assistance as a method of young specialist`s anxiety overcoming study. The sample consisted of 150 people between the ages of 21 and 49, divided into three groups. The first group included 44 people, short-term students, the second group (60 people) – middle-term students, and the third group (46 people) – long-term informal education assistance courses. We used Spilberger-Khanin`s anxiety test to define the level of personal and situational anxiety. To define professional difficulties, we used a half-structured interview and self-report. Short-term educational programs students have a low level of personal anxiety and middle-level situational anxiety, which changed slightly after the educational program (the difference is insignificant). The members of this group, as usual, have about 2 years of work experience and apply for academic help on specific professional issues. Middle-term educational programs participants mostly do not have work experience are somewhat confused about their professional specialization (for example: «I want to work with children or with adults, I do not know», «I want certain instruments, but I am not sure if I need them»), do not see the point of an in-depth study that or another theme. At the beginning of the course, they have a high level of personal and situational anxiety. They try to get the basics for the future work, quite quickly overcome the confusion, in studying situational anxiety of this group decreased with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Examined members of long-term educational programs have a middle level of individual and situational anxiety at the beginning. They try to understand many professional issues and feel tension and confusion. Situational anxiety in this group decreased with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the process of studying. Members of this group feel the necessity to set goals and to plan their professional activity (for example: «I do not know where to start», «I do not understand why we need to do this», «I need consistency in work»), that is why they choose programs with a significant substance and content. The proposed system of educational assistance is based on the problem-oriented approach. We have identified the lack of beginner’s practical skills, tools, and professional activity techniques as the main problem that leads to difficulties during a professional crisis. We suppose that overcoming this deficit affects changes in specialists’ activity quality and their psycho-emotional condition. Our study results suggest that the proposed program of informal education has a positive effect on overcoming anxiety during the professional development crisis.

Digital competencies: A review of the literature and applications in the workplace

In today's organisations and politics, there is a growing awareness of the gap between existing and needed digital competencies of the workforce to master the challenges of the digitalised future at work. Nevertheless, no comprehensive framework or definition of digital competencies at work has been proposed so far. Our aim is to offer a holistic view and broaden the scope of the concept of digital competencies, thereby focussing on applications at work. We combine diverse methods to integrate different perspectives on digital competencies. By conducting an extensive literature review about definitions and frameworks of digital competencies that might be applicable at work, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in research on digital competencies. Additionally, eleven half-structured interviews based on the critical incidents technique (CIT) were conducted to gain insights into the perspectives of professionals with expertise in digitalisation processes and digital competencies. Subsequently, researchers with different educational backgrounds clustered the results from both approaches and agreed on twenty-five dimensions that constitute digital competencies for white-collar workers with office jobs, encompassing a large variety of knowledge, skills, and abilities. The results of this research indicate that even though there is overlapping content, each perspective adds unique content to the concept of digital competencies at work. By creating a coherent and detailed framework and a definition, our research enhances the applicability of professional learning and development of digital competencies at work.

Psychosocial aid provided to and sought by rescue workers after the March 2016 terrorist attacks in Brussels, Belgium. A qualitative analysis

Abstract Background During the terrorist attacks of 22/03/2016 in Brussels, Belgium, hundreds of rescue workers were present or came to the sites to give aid to the victims. However, until now, there is little research about these first responders’ own need for aid and support immediately after their work or later, and about how they experienced that aid. Methods Using half-structured interviews, we collected data from 31 first responders including 4 nurses, 5 soldiers, 7 firefighters, 11 airport police officers and 4 Red Cross volunteers. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed by two researchers. Results Generally, debriefings were organized at hoc, informal and at the day of the event. Sometimes, an additional group conversation was organized in the week or weeks later. Further initiative was left to the rescue workers themselves to find psychosocial aid, whether inside or outside their organization. Because of many contextual factors (macho culture, no sense of normality of reactions on traumatic experiences, (lack of) social support, stigma of psychosocial health, lack of understanding of those who did not experience it...) rescue workers (mostly police officers and soldiers) often did not find the necessary psychosocial aid. Some workers simply accepted that they have changed due to the attacks. Those who did search for psychological help, experience several problems: the type of help, the financial costs, a lack of recognition of the psychosocial problems, etc. Conclusions Psychosocial aid of first responders is often too short-term, ad hoc, and poorly prepared and organized. Awareness of adverse changes in health or personality can come long after the debriefing sessions. Furthermore, the quality of the debriefings is not always up to standard. Main message Psychosocial aid must not only be aimed at the short term, and must be better prepared and organized.

EXPECTATIVA E EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROCESSO PARTURITIVO EM MULHERES ATENDIDAS EM UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a expectativa da gestante em relação ao parto no final da gestação e a vivência parturitiva. A amostra foi composta por 16 mulheres que se encontravam no terceiro trimestre de gestação, primíparas e que realizaram o pré-natal em Unidade Básica de Saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas no terceiro trimestre de gestação e após o parto. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para o tratamento e discussão dos dados. O estudo identificou que o parto vaginal foi a via preferida pelas gestantes, entretanto a cesárea eletiva foi a principal via de parto realizada pelos obstetras, mesmo em mulheres cuja preferência era a via de parto vaginal. Concluiu-se que é preciso investir no esclarecimento da população médica, das gestantes e dos seus familiares de que a cesárea eletiva expõe desnecessariamente os recém-nascidos a riscos e complicações neonatais, por meio de programas e de ações de promoção à saúde do grupo materno-infantil.