Half Sisters Research Articles

Revising the Eighteenth-Century Novel

Revising the Eighteenth-Century Novel

Evidence for multiple mating by female eastern carpenter bees, Xylocopa virginica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Abstract Relatedness within groups is influenced by the mating patterns of founders: the more parents that contribute to a group, the lower the relatedness of their offspring. Xylocopa virginica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a facultatively social bee in which low relatedness is influenced by sequential maternity. We investigated whether multiple paternity, which would occur if egg-laying females mate multiple times, might also contribute to low relatedness among female nestmates. We used two approaches to investigate how frequently females mate polyandrously. First, we used visual observations of mating behaviour to estimate mating frequencies and to evaluate evidence for temporal variation in female receptivity to mates. Second, we used a data set of microsatellite genotypes to evaluate evidence for multiple paternity based on inferred proportions of full and half sisters. Based on visual observations, we inferred a female mating frequency of 1.1 (harmonic mean). Females were more receptive early in their first nestmate provisioning phase and less receptive in their second brood provisioning phase. Based on microsatellite genotypes analysed with COLONY software, we inferred that 5–44% of female sibships included maternal half sisters, implying female mating frequencies between 1.13 and 1.41 (harmonic means). Thus, multiple mating contributes to the low group relatedness found in Xylocopa virginica.

Musical Monticello: Classical Music and America

Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello plantation is here used as a case-study examiningclassical music’s foundations in the United States. Among other titles, Jefferson was a statesman, diplomat, slave master, and avid violinist. He is remembered as the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and third U.S. President. Early documentation suggests he was a gifted musician, reading notation at age nine and practicing “no less than three hours a day” for “a dozen years”. Music played an important role in the courtship of his wife, Martha Skelton Wayles, a harpsichordist and singer. They parented six children, of which two daughters survived to adulthood. Both received substantial keyboard training and their eldest inherited her father’s “taste and talent for music”. Upon their mother's death in 1782, Thomas began a complicated relationship with his late wife’s enslaved half sister, Sally Hemings. She became pregnant at sixteen and bore six of Jefferson’s children, four of which survived to adulthood. While Jefferson’s white daughters learned keyboard, two of his enslaved black sons were taught violin. It is likely that Jefferson himself taught them using the treatises of his expansive musical library, notably Geminani’s “Art of Playing the Violin”. A year after Jefferson’s death, the two sons were given their freedom; the youngest’s profession is listed as “musician” in the 1850 census; he is remembered as an “accomplished caller of dances”. These sons span the full stylistic gamut available in 19th century American music: from fiddle to violin. Thomas Jefferson and his family represent the kernels of America’s musical traditions, and the way they have morphed in parallel with America itself. The musical ecosystem of Monticello plantation is a dynamic location to discuss colonial music’s intersections with class, race, gender, and national identity.

Molecular phenotypes and clinical characterization of familial hereditary breast cancer among half and full sisters

BackgroundPreliminary clinical observations show that contemporaneous hereditary breast cancer (CHBC) patients suffered breast cancer at an early age, which requires further analysis.Methods38 familial hereditary breast cancer patients (18 CHBC patients and 20 non-CHBC patients) were screened out and 152 non-hereditary breast cancer patients were used as control subjects. Clinical pathologic subtypes, age, tumor location, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and molecular phenotype expression (ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67, CK5/6, E-cad, P63, and P120) were compared across all subgroups.ResultsThe incidence of CHBC was 9.47% (18/190) in breast cancer patients. The average ages of onset of CHBC patients, non-CHBC patients, and non-hereditary breast cancer patients were 49.06 ± 6.42, 60.75 ± 9.95 and 61.69 ± 14.34 respectively; whereas there were no significant differences with respect to pathological type or tumor location. There were significant differences in some histological grading (grade II/III), lymph node metastasis and PR expression between hereditary and non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.05; P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). Significantly different HER-2 expression was observed when comparing all hereditary or CHBC patients with non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively). There were significant differences in E-cad and P63 between contemporaneous hereditary and non-hereditary breast cancers (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsCHBC patients accounted for 9.47% (18/190) of breast cancer patients, had earlier disease onset, and showed differences compared to non-hereditary breast cancer patients with respect to molecular phenotype and clinical characteristics.

Redwood: A Tale by Catharine Maria Sedgwick

Reviewed by: Redwood: A Tale by Catharine Maria Sedgwick Rachel B. Griffis Redwood: A Tale. By Catharine Maria Sedgwick. Edited by Jenifer B. Elmore. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021. vii + 320 pp. $120 hardback/$120 e-book. Originally published in 1824, Redwood: A Tale is the last of Catharine Maria Sedgwick's major novels to be reprinted in a modern scholarly edition. Since Mary Kelley edited Hope Leslie; or, Early Times in the Massachusetts (1827) for publication by Rutgers University Press in 1987, new editions of Sedgwick's novels have been released steadily, with the most recent being Married or Single? (1857), edited by Deborah Gussman and published by University of Nebraska Press in 2015. Jenifer B. Elmore's new edition of Redwood is therefore a milestone for scholars of Sedgwick and nineteenth-century American women writers, who now have all six of Sedgwick's major novels available in a format conducive to teaching and research. Redwood follows the orphan Ellen Bruce as she grapples with her identity, navigates both sincere and disingenuous friendships, meets and falls in love with Charles Westall, helps save her friend Emily Allen from the Shakers, and eventually discovers the mystery of her parentage. The titular character, Henry Redwood, is Ellen's long-lost father, a Virginia planter who abandoned his first wife, Ellen's mother, a virtuous woman who died shortly after giving birth. Henry does not learn that he fathered a child with his first wife until the end of the novel, after he has become acquainted with Ellen and developed a parental fondness for her. Both Henry and Ellen are delighted to learn that they are father and daughter, and Ellen facilitates Henry's repentance and religious conversion before he dies. Though Sedgwick does not specify the date of the novel's events, Elmore speculates that Redwood's historical setting could be as early as the years following the American Revolution or as late as the 1820s. Most of the events of the novel take place in Vermont and Massachusetts, though characters travel from Virginia, South Carolina, Boston, Philadelphia, and England. Through the [End Page 115] geographical diversity of her characters, Sedgwick explores regional differences and tensions, particularly between the North and South and between England and the United States. Redwood is a work of sentimentalism deeply engaged with political, social, moral, and religious questions, especially as these topics pertain to the lives of American women. Sedgwick challenges the institution of slavery through her portrayal of Lilly, an enslaved woman who works as a maid for Ellen's manipulative half sister Caroline. Lilly self-liberates and elopes with a West Indian man when the Redwood family visits New York, a plot twist that highlights political tensions between North and South. The subplot featuring Ellen's rescue of her friend Emily from the exploitative Shaker leader Reuben Harrington invites readers' reflection on the meaning of freedom and how harmful ideologies limit and confine individuals and communities in multiple aspects of life—morally, intellectually, and physically. Sedgwick also complicates the ideal of feminine domestic fulfillment through Ellen's mentor Debby Lenox, who defies conventional performances of gender and affirms the benefits of singlehood amid a flurry of marriages at the novel's conclusion. Elmore's edition of Redwood contains a substantive introduction, a bibliography of recent scholarly work on Sedgwick, a chronology of Sedgwick's life and literary output, a character list, appendices, and the prefaces Sedgwick wrote for the book in 1824 and 1850. This scholarly edition of Redwood reproduces the original 1824 version, while incorporating the changes in spellings and punctuation Sedgwick made for the 1850 edition. The 1824 preface, located at the beginning of the book, contains Sedgwick's reflections on the role of the novel in her time and her own aspirations for Redwood, which she hopes will convey "the great truths of our common religion" (7). In the 1850 preface (Appendix A), Sedgwick expresses remorse for offending the Shakers through her negative portrayal of them, and in the 1850 edition she significantly revised many of her descriptions of this religious community, which, Elmore asserts, "soften[s] her criticism of the doctrines and practices of the Shakers" (317). In Appendix...

Doublespeak: Louisa Jacobs, the American Equal Rights Association, and Complicating Racism in the Early U.S. Women's Suffrage Movement

DoublespeakLouisa Jacobs, the American Equal Rights Association, and Complicating Racism in the Early U.S. Women's Suffrage Movement Susan Goodier (bio) Members of the U.S. women's suffrage movement, usually noted as being from the 1840s to the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, faced many struggles related to race from the outset. Periods of close collaboration between Black and white activists have been punctuated by longer periods with virtually no cooperation between them. Turning our attention to Louisa Jacobs, the daughter of the once-enslaved Harriet Jacobs (author of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl), helps us unpack racial cooperation—and the lack thereof—in the years immediately following the Civil War. After establishing freedmen's schools in the South during the war, Louisa returned to the North and joined the American Equal Rights Association to promote universal suffrage as a speaker on the lecture circuit. This article, representing preliminary research into the topic, argues that while Black women criticized the women's suffrage movement for perpetuating racism, they maintained ongoing relations with members of the dominant movement as they sought to overcome that racism and win the right for women to vote. Louisa Matilda Jacobs was born to Harriet Jacobs in Edenton, North Carolina, on October 19, 1833. Because her mother had been willed to the daughter of Dr. James Norcom, and children followed the condition of the mother, Louisa, too, was enslaved. Much of the knowledge we have of her is thanks to the extraordinary work of Jean Fagan Yellin, who, back in the 1970s, realized that a slave narrative, long dismissed as a fictional account written by Lydia Maria Child, a white woman, was instead an accurate "historical record" of the life of a woman born enslaved in a community in the South. 1 In addition to editing Incidents and writing a biography of Harriet Jacobs, Yellin has compiled the papers of the [End Page 195] Jacobs family in a two-volume set readily available in many libraries. 2 This article is indebted to and builds on the meticulous research of Yellin. 3 From the time Harriet was fifteen, Norcom demanded she have sexual relations with him. She engaged in a close relationship with another elite member of the white community, Samuel Tredwell Sawyer, in an attempt to ward off the attentions of Norcom. She had two children with Sawyer: Joseph, born in 1829, and Louisa Matilda, born four years later. Despite this, Norcom persisted in his attentions. Fiercely determined that Norcom would not have his way with her, in 1835 Harriet went into hiding, spending a total of seven years in an attic space—measuring nine feet by seven feet, and three feet in height—above the woodshed at her grandmother's house. 4 Through tiny openings in the wall of the attic space she watched her children play and grow. Jacobs arranged for Sawyer, a newspaper editor and member of Congress, to purchase Louisa and her brother Joseph to keep Norcom from using them to blackmail her into sexual intercourse. 5 Sawyer also purchased Harriet's brother John, who ran away from Sawyer the next year, eventually making his way to Boston. A poignant passage in Incidents details the one night the mother spent with her daughter during that period, just before the father took her north in the spring of 1839. Apparently, the child had known of her mother's hiding place and deliberately kept in sight of her mother as much as possible. Louisa never told anyone about the hiding place. 6 Sawyer took five-year-old Louisa to Washington to care for her infant half sister; six months later she moved in with relatives of her father in Brooklyn, New York. A Sawyer cousin had proposed adopting Louisa, or at least educating her. Neither plan came to fruition; Louisa seems to have been used by the family as a "waiting-maid." 7 When Louisa's mother Harriet left the hiding place in her grandmother's attic and arrived in New York in the fall of 1842, Harriet found work as a nursemaid in the family of Nathaniel Parker Willis, an author and editor of some note, and rescued...

Wallace Peters: renowned malariologist who was the first “to really wave the flag” for combination therapy

Wallace Peters grew up in north London, where his parents, Henry and Fanny, had several shops. He was the youngest by nine years, with an older sister, Ronnie, and two...

Feeling Oceanic: Racial Identity and Postbellum Drift

In this essay we draw a historiographical line from J. M. W. Turner’s Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying (1840)—a representation of the Zong massacre—to Charles Chesnutt’s novel The Marrow of Tradition (1901). Turner’s optical opacities render black bodies faceless and fragmentary while also pulling the ground out from under the nominal spectator, an effect that joins typical period representations of black slaves and sailors with a self-reflexive counterpressure that implicates viewers (and readers) in sense-making operations that dissolve as much as they congeal. We offer a transatlantic reading of the painting that foreshadows postbellum concerns about the raced subject as it contends with identitarian drift. In Chesnutt’s narrative we find an unexpected intrusion of the oceanic (through a shipwreck nightmare) into the life of a Reconstruction-era woman who must come to grips with the specter of the sea’s between-space as the fluctuating nonsite where racial identity and ideology is formed and potentially re-formed. Olivia Carteret’s dreamscape coincides at the novel’s climax with the 1898 Wilmington riot, a white supremacist takeover of the local government. Shipwrecked and floating on the open water with her son, she encounters her mixed-race half sister Janet on an approaching boat. As a major conceit of the dream’s narrative, Olivia’s understanding of the legal and social stability of her son’s whiteness and the legitimacy of his inheritance is thrown into crisis as she is forced to recognize Janet as kin. We examine this scene in more detail to show how postbellum writers and artists appealed to the oceanic as an affective medium or canvas upon which negotiations of raced and gendered identities play out, especially those of subjects explicitly caught between national and ethnic imaginaries.

FORMING OF ECONOMIC-AND-USEFUL TRAITS OF COWS IN DEPEND OF ORIGIN BY FATHER

The increase in the productivity of dairy cows significantly depends on the qualitative selection, evaluation and intensive use of procreator bulls with breeding value both for milk production and exteriors. The proper selection of bull for reproduction the herd is an important and responsible measure as the heredity of the procreators in the genetic improvement of breeds is extremely high, especially at the present stage of breeding.&#x0D; The aim of the research was to determine the level of influence of father's origin on dairy productivity, exterior and reproductive capacity of Ukrainian Red dairy cows in the conditions of the Central region.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of zootechnical records in a herd breeding plant for the breeding of the Ukrainian Red dairy breeds of cattle of the State Enterprise of Experimental Household «Elitne» of the Kirovograd SAES NAAS. The analysis involves the materials of the formed electronic database on indicators of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and structure of the body of cows for the year 2015.&#x0D; Estimation of the exterior type of cows was conducted using the linear classification method at the age of 2–4 months after calving in two systems - 9-ball, with a linear description of 18 articles of the exterior and 100-point classification system, taking into account four sets of breeding grounds, which characterize: the severity of the dairy type, the development of the body, the state of the limbs and the morphological qualities of the udder. In the exterior, the half-sisters groups of 6 bulls with a population of 28 to 118 cows were compared.&#x0D; The force of origin's influence on the father was calculated by one-factor dispersion analysis. The calculations were carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics using the software package "STATISTICA-6.1".&#x0D; Results of the research. By comparison of group average, a significant level of differentiation of the bulls in the herd of the breeder is determined by the characteristics of their daughters. By the age of the first calving, the difference between the best and worst half-sistesr groups reached 283 ± 148,9 days or 36,5 %, with a reproduction rate of 0,181 ± 0,180 or 21,0%, for the livelihood of 305 days of first lactation – 2890 ± 959 kg оr 78,3% (P &lt; 0,01), the second one was 2112 ± 926 kg or 40,9% (P &lt; 0,05), the third group was 113 ± 521 kg or 18,4% (P &lt; 0,05). In terms of the content of fat in milk, the intergroup difference was 0,38 ± 0,294% (td = 1,29) for the first, 0.64 ± 0,155% (td = 1,62) for the second and 0,44 ± 0,311% (td = 2,03) – for the third lactation, for protein content – the difference was insignificant.&#x0D; Among the daughters of the studied protectors, the highest tastes for the first lactation were characterized by daughters of Tsvitka 435, Roman Reda 86883, Diplomat 401497. For the second and third Rainer 23685, Tsvitka 435, Hens Reda 398624, below all lactations of the Vendian 67955 and Cup 405. Noticed, Cvitok 435, holsteinized bull of intrarenal type of Ukrainian Red dairy breed, for the dignity of its daughters, exceeded all Holstein breeders, used in the herd.&#x0D; Summarized, according to the results of the classification of the four complexes exterior signs, the assessment shows the level of expression of the exterior type and suggests that it is best at the daughters of Bensons Hens Red 398624, Jorin 114414759 and Tsvitka 435.&#x0D; Reduce the gap between the actual estimate and the maximum possible, which is respectively 5,5, 5,7 and 6,2 points, possibly due to the quality control of the stock herd by the exteriors in the herds with the selection of procreator-bulls, estimated by the type of daughters.&#x0D; Conclusions. The study of milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows definited the level of differentiation between the groups of half sisters by father. The difference between the groups on separate grounds is 78,3%. At the same time, cows of the Holstein and Holstinizovany In-breed Type (HRD) of Ukrainian Red dairy breeds have a marked advantage over milk yield. The worst manifestation of the features – in animals of the bulls of Angler and Rich-Milkfat In-breed Type (FRD) of Ukrainian Red dairy breeds.&#x0D; Using of linear classification allowed to differentiate sufficiently the bull-producers by the exterior characteristics of the structure of the body and the mummies of their daughters. The high variability of descriptive articles indicates the need for their improvement in a part of the animals of the study population. The influence of the genetic factor of the father's origin on the variability of the considered characteristics ranged from 12 to 36%.

Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Guzmán: La casa ducal de Medina Sidonia en Sevilla y su reino (1282–1521). Madrid: Dykinson, 2015. Paper. Pp. 712; 2 maps and many tables. €35. ISBN: 978-84-9085-274-3.

Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, <i>Guzmán: La casa ducal de Medina Sidonia en Sevilla y su reino (1282–1521)</i>. Madrid: Dykinson, 2015. Paper. Pp. 712; 2 maps and many tables. €35. ISBN: 978-84-9085-274-3.

The Empire Abroad and the Empire at Home: African American Literature and the Era of Overseas ExpansionMelville and the Idea of Blackness: Race and Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century America

The Empire Abroad and the Empire at Home: African American Literature and the Era of Overseas ExpansionMelville and the Idea of Blackness: Race and Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century America

This Life of Mortal Breath

This Life of Mortal Breath Joyce H. Munro Alice didn't go with him to China that spring, though she wasn't against his going. In fact, some afternoons she was the one to bring it up, as they sipped tea on the veranda at La Paisible or walked the hill to Maison de Pomme. After all, his wife was gone now, her spirit freed from earth's binding chains. His grief was ebbing. And in its place, concern, profound and ardent, for China. Only the fragile state of his health had kept him from returning. Now that he was feeling so much stronger, why remain in Switzerland? When Alice nudged him like this, she always called him “my dear,” never by his first name. A great man, revered around the world, in his seventies. It would be unseemly. Alice Thomson was so very kind and bright, so good for him during those days. Even Mary, Hudson's niece, had to admit it—Alice never seemed to vex him. “Here, my dear, let me take your muddy boots off.” “Time for a nap, let me cover you up.” “Let's get you out of that wet coat.” She could handle him better than Mary. Alice had never been to China. He had been ten times. Pardon the interjection: These three—the elderly mourner and his caregivers—are not at Audrey Hepburn's La Paisible. But at a pension in the hills above Vevey. It is important to clarify this, for Vevey figures in Alice's life later. Paisible = peace. Peace, according to the dictionarians at Oxford University, means freedom from disturbance. Those who christen their homes La Paisible are looking for a place to while away distress and anxiety. A haven, sanctuary. In such a place, the presence of the eternal can break through the walls, Paul Tillich wrote. Walls of pinkish stucco, windows with fretwork balconies, cloistered verandas. All designed for curing what ails you, for meeting the eternal. Breakthroughs can happen here. Alice was part of the cure. I want to see kind and bright and good in Alice. I look for it in her face, her eyes. In a photograph I love, there sits a young woman at her mother's feet. She sprawls on the grass in a dressy dress, lavish ruffles at her wrists and neck. A healthy woman. Big‐boned, like her Sinclair ancestors from the north‐most Highlands. Elbow on her mother's knee, she props her head up with her fist. Other relatives in the photo are dour‐faced, stiff, although I can't figure out why—this is going to be a lovely tea party. Maybe it's because they're Scots Baptists and merriment is not in their religious genes. They sit properly in bent‐willow chairs or stand by the tea table. Obviously a nice day, cause for celebration, with Alice's half sister visiting from Lausanne. Alice alone is relaxed. Her coy smile a magnet, pulling my gaze, telling me she's someone worth knowing. What's her secret? What has she done to put that smile on her face? Certainly not told a joke because the rest of them aren't laughing. Only she knows. The title below the photo is not instructive: Picture taken in the garden of the T.M. Thomson home at Jarvis and Bloor streets in Toronto. About 1903. Which turns out to be incorrect. It was earlier. And this is important because Alice's mother, second wife of Thomas McLerie Thomson, merchant, money manager, immigrant, died in 1902. After that, Alice went to Switzerland. Something tells me Alice was a groupie, the kind who's devoted to someone in the limelight, gets his autograph, follows him everywhere. In Alice's case, he was a band leader, but not that kind. James Hudson Taylor, M.R.C.S., F.R.G.S., surgeon, missionary, Bible translator, founder of China Inland Mission. One of the most beloved, quoted individuals of all time—among evangelical Christians, that is. Bible colleges and institutes have been established as a result of Taylor's influence, where students learn things vital to missionaries. Taylor's vision and dedication have...

Genetic studies of growth and reproduction traits of broiler dam line

Genetic variation for growth and reproductive traits of broiler dam line was estimated over 13 generations. Cockerels were selected on the basis of their half sisters. The pullets in the first stage were selected on the basis of their sire family means for egg number and finally on index including 20 week body weight, egg number and egg weight. The phenotypic regression of generation means of body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age, age at first egg, egg number to 40 and 50 weeks of age and egg weight at 40 weeks of age cultch size, pause size, on generation number were -7.76±10.48, -49.52±19.43, -1.15±0.44, 0.87±0.28, 0.98±1.41, 0.03±0.09, 0.003±0.008 and 0.12±0.02 respectively. The heritability estimates for corresponding traits ranged from 0.11±0.08 -0.60±0.26; 0.10±0.07- 0.64±0.16; 0.16±0.12 -0.84±0.27; 0.08±0.09 to 0.62±0.26; 0.21±0.13–0.77±0.29; 0.11±0.09 -0.83±0.19; 0.10±0.16 -0.52±0.14 and 0.22±0.13 -0.72±0.15 respectively. The genetic regression of heritability estimates on generation number for these traits were 0.009±0.01, 0.003±0.01, -0.006±0.01, 0.009±0.01, 0.007±0.06, -0.01±0.01, -0.02±0.06, -0.10±0.03 respectively.

Three Siblings with Prader-Willi Syndrome: Brief Review of Sleep and Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by short stature, mental retardation, hypotonia, functionally deficient gonads, and uncontrolled appetite leading to extreme obesity at an early age. Patients with this condition require multidisciplinary medical care, which facilitates a significant improvement in quality of life. PWS is the first human disorder to be attributed to genomic imprinting. Prevalence varies in the literature, ranging from 1 in 8,000 in the Swedish population to 1 in 54,000 in the United Kingdom. Rarely, the genetic mechanism responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome can be inherited. We report a highly unique case of three siblings who share this condition. This report describes a case of two brothers and one half sister with PWS. All three siblings have sleep-related complaints. The sister died at the age of 24 years in her sleep, with the cause of death reported as obstructive sleep apnea. The outcome was positive in both of the brothers' cases as a result of professional medical care and specific tailored recommendations implemented by their mother. A review of the relevant literature vis-à-vis sleep and PWS is provided.

Commentary on 'Antenatal cardiotocogram quality and interpretation using computers'.

Commentary on 'Antenatal cardiotocogram quality and interpretation using computers'.

Sibling relatedness and social play in juvenile ground squirrels

We described the relationship between relatedness as full or maternal half siblings and expression of social play and other social behaviors in juvenile Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) litters and evaluated the possible role of play in establishing social bonds between juvenile females. We used microsatellite analysis to determine relatedness. Juvenile females did not interact preferentially with full over half siblings, suggesting that they may form bonds equally with full and half sisters. The probability that females will have a surviving full sister beyond the juvenile period may be low in U. beldingi, and establishing a cooperative relationship with a half sister may sometimes be the best available option in adulthood. As the proportion of females within litters increased, rates of play decreased, suggesting that low social play may be adequate for social bonding among females. Among juvenile male U. beldingi, play bouts lasted longer between full than half brothers; however, juvenile males did not interact preferentially with full brothers in play or other social interactions. Body mass differences were smaller between full than half brothers, and in both full and half brother pairings, play bouts lasted longest when body mass differences were small. Because male U. beldingi do not ordinarily interact with littermate siblings after emigrating from the natal area, it is unlikely that play behavior functions to establish long-term social bonds between full brothers. Rather, young males may favor play interactions with phenotypically similar partners who can provide optimal challenges in interactions that promote motor development.

Vyhodnocení produkce mléčného tuku a bílkovin inbredních a outbredních holštýnských krav

The aim of this study was to explore the depression effects of level of inbreeding on kg of fat and protein presented in the form of breeding values. The data included cows calved in the years 1990–2006 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25%, Fx= 2.0–3.125%, Fx= 4.0–12.5% and Fx= total). The breeding values for inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals (2689 equals in sum) – half–sisters, sharing the same sire, dam reaching the same breeding value (± 5%) and their first calving occurring at the same farm, at the same time (±2 month). The PROC GLM of SAS®with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of sire and dam were applied to all data).In the groups with Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25 %, Fx= 2.0–3.125 %, Fx= 4.0–12.5 % and Fx= total) we found a decrease in the breeding values of kg fat in inbred cows of −1.48; 0.17; −8.26 and −0.51 kg. In the case of protein content the depressed production in inbred cows was: −0.58; −0.48; −3.21 and −0.94 kg. These differences were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in the group with the highest Fxvalue (Fx= 4.0–12.5%). The inbred animals showed higher variability within the range of observed corrected breeding values (Yijklmno) for kg of fat and protein.The results also show that increasing the level of parents (as RBV) caused a very significant increase in production both in inbred and outbred daughters but greater increase in fat and protein was evident in the non–inbred cows.

If I Had Possession over Judgment Day: Augmenting Robert Johnson

If I Had Possession over Judgment Day: Augmenting Robert Johnson

“This receipt is as safe as the Bank”: Reading Irish Culinary Manuscripts

“This receipt is as safe as the Bank”: Reading Irish Culinary Manuscripts

Pancytopenia With Predominant Thrombocytopenia in a 37-Year-Old Female With Li Fraumeni Syndrome

Patient: 37-year-old Hispanic female. History of Present Illness: The patient is a known carrier of the TP53 mutation. Her surgical history includes a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, ovarian cystectomy, tonsillectomy, left upper chest port replacement, and fourth left toe amputation due to an Aspergillus infection. She has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, and herpes simplex virus. The patient has frequent episodes of neutropenic fever along with other bacterial and viral infections secondary to stage I triple-positive breast cancer. She is on many medications to treat her numerous conditions. In summer 2011, she underwent a bilateral mastectomy, which presented with 1.3 cm infiltrating ductal carcinoma with high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and negative sentinel lymph nodes. No malignancy was found in the left breast, only intraductal papilloma. Prior to the initiation of chemotherapy, she presented with new onset thrombocytopenia. Family History: Both the patient’s father and half brother have been diagnosed with brain tumors; her father subsequently expired. Several paternal aunts, first cousins, and a half sister were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to age 50. A paternal half sister has stage IV breast cancer with metastasis to the bone. Social History: Married, no children; denies any use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. 1. Which of the patient’s laboratory findings are abnormal? 2. What does the patient’s peripheral smear reveal? Based on these findings, what is the differential diagnosis? Based on the principal laboratory results and peripheral blood smear findings, what additional test(s) is/are required to aid in the diagnosis? 3. What is the patient’s most likely diagnosis and what additional test(s) is/are appropriate to confirm diagnosis? 4. What is the significance of being a carrier for the TP-53 mutation? 5. What is the patient’s …