Half-mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology Research Articles

A Half-Mode Cavity Backed Hybrid Array Antenna Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technology

This article proposes a hybrid array antenna where a cavity-backed antenna is used jointly with a patch antenna using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide technology (HMSIW) to reduce antenna size. This hybrid structure consists of a flexible Rogers RO4003C substrate ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon_{{r}} =3.55$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) showing linearly polarized TE101 mode where the cross-polarization level (XPL) is less than −12 dBi. An inset feed has been utilized to excite the main cavity resonator, and later by proximity coupling, the parasitic patch is also excited in TE101 mode. By further dividing the outer patch, four new cases of antenna have emerged, and comprehensive investigations on their parameters based on simulation have been presented. It paints an upgrade of the antenna’s performance. As per simulations, further dividing of the patch helps to bring out positive changes in the antenna’s performance by escalating gain, bandwidth (BW), and efficiencies while also lessening XPL, sidelobe levels (SLLs), and associated loss up to a satisfying level. The proposed antenna is then fabricated and experimentally validated in its theoretical analysis. A couple of experimentally validated parameters make this fabricated sample suitable for wireless application and maintain good agreement with numerical simulation. CST Microwave Studio and HFSS carried out the associated numerical simulation.

Miniaturized 4 × 4 Butler Matrix and Tunable Phase Shifter Using Ridged Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide

A novel 4×4 Butler matrix fabricated on ridged half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (RHMSIW) technology is designed and realized. The integration of the proposed Butler matrix with tunable phase shifters fabricated using the same technology is also demonstrated to achieve semi-continuous beam steering for fifth-generation (5G) applications. This article discusses the design considerations of the various ridged half-mode subcomponents of the Butler matrix in detail and presents two novel interconnects, namely 90° waveguide bends and a half-mode open-edge-to-open-edge transition. This article shows that the capacitive ridge on the open edge of one waveguide can be directly connected to the open edge on another with little compromise on the performance over a reference line of the same length. The simulated and measured results of each Butler matrix component are also presented and are all in good agreement. The proposed Butler matrix has a 5% operational bandwidth centered at 3.51 GHz with less than ±22° error in the progressive differential phase shift and less than ±1.2-dB coupling imbalance. Finally, it is shown that the proposed Butler matrix achieves over 70% board area miniaturization in comparison to a similar design fabricated on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide technology.

Design and Analysis of Full and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Planar Leaky Wave Antenna with Continuous Beam Scanning in X-Ku Band

AbstractIn this paper, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HM-SIW) periodic leaky wave antennas (LWAs) are presented for the antenna applications. The continuous beam scanning (CBS) is realized by optimizing the unit cell by matching its impedance to the characteristic impedance of the waveguide. This leaky wave antenna is capable of total 60 ° scanning from −38 ° to + 22 ° as the frequency changes from 10.17 GHz to 16.3 GHz with a maximum gain of 11 dBi. Moreover, for further miniaturization, HM-SIW technology is employed in the presented LWA. This LWA is also capable of CBS from −50 ° to + 26 ° in the frequency band of 10 GHz to 16.5 GHz with a maximum gain of 12 dBi. The final prototypes of the both these antenna are fabricated and measured results are in agreement with the simulated ones.

Compact half-mode SIW bandpass filter with high-frequency selectivity

ABSTRACTThis article presents a compact bandpass filter (BPF) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide technology. The source-load cross-coupling structure has been used in the BPF and the transmission zeroes have been generated to improve the frequency selectivity. The proposed filter is smaller than its conventional substrate integrated waveguide counterpart with similar filter specifications and has advantages of high-frequency selectivity and miniaturization. The measured results show that the designs can provide 170 MHz bandwidth at 3.5 GHz with a return loss of 15.1 dB and an insertion loss of 2.1 dB.

Four-Way Chained Quasi-Planar Slotted-HMSIW Power Divider

A four-way chained quasi-planar slotted power divider, using half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide technology, is presented in this letter. Based on the equivalent-circuit model, slotted capacitive coupling model has been achieved. In order to verify the validity of the design method, a four-way power divider operating at X-band is designed, fabricated and measured. The simulation and measured results with good agreement are presented. The measured insertion loss (in the frequency range of 9.05–9.55 GHz) is less than 1.4 dB, and the return loss is better than 17.5 dB. The measured isolations between the output ports are greater than 12 dB at the entire design band.

A Leaky Wave Antenna Design Based on Half-mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology for X Band Applications

A new type of leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) as the base structure is proposed in this paper. The structure consists of an array of slot, antenna designed to operate in X band applications from 8 to 12 GHz. HMSIW preserves nearly all the advantages of SIW whereas its size is nearly reduced by half. The antenna radiates one main beam that can be steered from the backward to the forward direction by changing frequency.