Half-bridge Rectifier Research Articles

Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier with an Active DC bus

Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier with an Active DC bus

Interoperability Study of Wireless Charging System Based on Generalized DD Coil

In recent years, with the popularization of intelligent auxiliary driving technology, wireless charging technology has garnered widespread attention due to its advantages in automation. However, there are still many issues to be resolved before the widespread adoption of wireless charging technology, with a key issue being the interoperability of coupling structures. To achieve adaptive interoperability, this paper proposes a wireless charging system based on dual generalized double-D (DD) coils. The system introduces a receiving structure composed of two generalized DD coils, which can naturally decouple the two coils. At the same time, the system topology employs a series connection of half-bridge rectifiers to enhance the system’s equivalent mutual inductance. Mathematical models and simulation verifications are provided. The proposed approach has been validated through simulations, showing that the system can automatically achieve interoperability with unipolar coils, DD coils, and quadrupolar coils.

A Self-Powered Interface Circuit for Simultaneous Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Energy Extraction

A self-powered circuit for the combination of synchronized electric charge extraction (SECE) and synchronous magnetic flux extraction (SMFE) interfaces (SP-SECE-SMFE) is proposed, which can simultaneously extract energy from piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and electromagnetic transducer (EMT). It reveals that when the energy extraction time of PZT and EMT is consistent, the electromagnetic energy harvested by SP-SECE-SMFE is greatly improved due to the action of the pulse piezoelectric voltage, and demonstrates how to use a resistance to adjust the energy extraction time of PZT. Simulation results show that the output power of SP-SECE-SMFE for the hybrid harvesting of piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy is 1.4-2.4 times higher than that of the sum when they are harvested separately under different frequencies and loads. Experimental results show that the maximum output power achieved by SP-SECE-SMFE is 1.7 times higher than that of the sum when are they harvested by the self-powered circuits of SECE and SMFE respectively, and is 2.2 times higher than that of the half-bridge rectifier circuit. The simulation and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed SP-SECE-SMFE circuit.

Soft-Switching Resonant DC Transformer for Class-D Switching Amplifier With Symmetric Bipolar Outputs

In this letter, soft-switching resonant DC transformer (DCX) for the class-D switching amplifier with the symmetric bipolar outputs is proposed. The proposed DCX consists of a single transformer primary inverter circuit and two transformer secondary dual series resonant half-bridge rectifier circuits, which reduces the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes. In the proposed DCX, the duty cycle of the primary inverter circuit is 0.5, and the symmetric bipolar output voltage gains only depend on the transformer. By dual series resonance between the leakage inductance and the output resonant capacitors, ZVS turn-on of switches and ZCS turn-off of the diodes can be achieved, which improves the overall efficiency. The characteristic of the DCX is elaborated and analyzed in this letter. Finally, a 60 W prototype is established and the experimental verified the theoretical analysis of the proposed DCX.

Reconfigurable Rectifier-Based Detuned Series-Series Compensated IPT System for Anti-Misalignment and Efficiency Improvement

For an inductive power transfer (IPT) system, mobility is one of the most attractive features, but coupling variations can dramatically affect the system's output. In this article, a reconfigurable rectifier-based detuned series-series (SS) compensated IPT system is proposed to tolerate an extensive coupling range and improve the system efficiency simultaneously. The reconfigurable rectifier, which can operate in a full-bridge rectifier mode or a half-bridge rectifier mode, is used to alter the equivalent ac load from one value to the other so the expected coupling range of the detuned SS topology can be extended. At the same time, the system efficiency is also partly improved because the ac load is changed to get closer to the optimal load of the IPT system. First, a detuned SS IPT system with the reconfigurable rectifier is presented and followed by the analysis of the working modes. Then, a detailed parameter design process and switching control of the reconfigurable rectifier are introduced. Finally, a 400-W prototype was constructed to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the output power fluctuation of the proposed IPT system is less than 17.5% and the lowest efficiency can be improved from 68.6% to 87.5% with the coupling coefficient varying from 0.1 to 0.4. The proposed method can implement significant antimisalignment and efficiency improvement simultaneously, and it is regarded as a potential solution for low-power IPT applications with high spatial mobility.

Wide ZVS operation of a semi‐dual‐bridge resonant converter under variable‐frequency phase‐shift control

A secondary phase-shifted dual-bridge converter with semi-active rectifier is able to perform buck–boost dc–dc conversion with soft-switching. However, it can not maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation for all switches in a wide load range. Besides, the root mean square/peak tank current increases inversely with the decreasing of load in the light load region. To alleviate these problems and extend its load range, a hybrid varying-frequency phase-shift (VFPS) control is proposed to manipulate the power for a semi-dual-bridge converter with the primary half-bridge and secondary semi-active rectifier topology. Steady-state analysis of the converter under VFPS control is performed using the fundamental harmonic approximation approach. A detailed design procedure is given then to find a full ZVS trajectory with a fixed ZVS margin at light load. Experimental results proved that the VFPS control can effectively extend the operation range with full ZVS and maintain high efficiency at light load for the semi-dual-bridge resonant converter.

Reduced‐switch induction motor drive system with active power decoupling

This paper presents a reduced-switch motor drive system, which is made up of a single-phase half-bridge rectifier circuit, ripple power decoupling unit, three-phase inverter circuit, and three-phase motor. Due to the ripple power decoupling unit, the DC-bus of drive system could also provide DC power supply for other DC loads. The ripple power decoupling unit almost shares all components with rectifier and inverter circuit, so this is a low-cost solution. Considering the strong coupling of all kind of components in the system, a hybrid model predictive control (MPC) is introduced to coordinate the operation of the decoupling circuit, rectifier, and inverter circuits. The effectiveness of this scheme is verified with the experimental results.

GaN-based LSK demodulators for wireless data receivers in high-temperature applications

GaN (gallium nitride)-based fully-integrated demodulators are presented. These modules, intended for wireless applications, target high-temperature (HT) environments including monitoring devices in aerospace. The presented demodulators are dedicated to recover Load-shift keying signals modulating a low carrier frequency to maximize power transfer efficiency and increase data transmission rate through metallic barriers. Logic gates are implemented and successfully tested at HT exceeding 400 °C. Proposed demodulators are built from half and full bridge rectifiers, comparators, voltage references and inverters, and operate at a minimum carrier frequency (fc) of 50 kHz. A demodulator based on a digital topology is proposed to cover MHz range fc. A complementary ±14 V supply voltage is required to operate the circuits. Reported post-layout simulation results validate the functionality and performance offered by the proposed demodulators over the 25 °C–400 °C temperature range. Also, a complete chip layout has been done, where the introduced demodulators occupy 10 mm2 of a GaN die area.

Comparative Research of a Wound-Field Doubly Salient Generator With Different Rectifiers

The wound-field doubly salient generator (WFDSG) is receiving consideration for the field of industrial and aerospace/aviation, since it has the advantages of high robustness with simple structure and adjustable output voltage. In this paper, upon the analysis of generator structures, the features of three rectifiers that are suitable for WFDSG are analyzed in detail. The comparative research of WFDSG with hybrid half-bridge rectifier (HHBR), full-bridge rectifier (FBR), and half-bridge rectifier is presented by the finite-element method (FEM). Then, the load and no-load characteristics of WFDSG under the three rectifiers mentioned above are researched comparatively. The commutation overlap angles and total commutation output voltage losses of three rectifiers are deduced. The experiments of a 12/8-pole single armature-winding WFDSG (SAW-WFDSG) with an FBR and a 12/8-pole dual-armature-winding WFDSG (DAW-WFDSG) with HHBR prototypes have been performed. The FEM and experiment results shows that the SAW-WFDSG with FBR and the DAW-WFDSG with HHBR both have a good application prospect.

Hybrid predictive control strategy for a low‐cost converter‐fed IM drive

The converter consisting of a single-phase half-bridge rectifier and four-switch three-phase inverter is a low-cost power converter with complicated operating constraints. It is difficult to control by the conventional strategies. This study proposes a hybrid predictive control strategy with dual loops for this converter. In the outer loop, a proportional–integral controller is designed to regulate the dc-link voltage, capacitor voltage balancing, and the speed and flux of induction motors (IM). Also, in the inner loop, the finite set model predictive control is employed to control the ac input current and stator currents of the IM. The major advantages of the control strategy include: (i) easy to deal with complicated constraints and manage multiple control targets; (ii) without the need of modulators; (iii) good dynamic response. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed method can guarantee the stable operation and good performance.

Series-Loaded Resonant Converter DC-DC Buck Operating for Low Power

This paper presents the functions of Series-Loaded Resonant Converter (SLRC). Series Loaded Resonant DC-DC converter is a type of soft-switching topology widely known for providing improved efficiency. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) buck converter is more preferable over hard switched buck converter for low power, high frequency DC-DC conversion applications. Zero Voltage switching techniques will be used to improve the efficiency of current and voltage at the series loaded half-bridge rectifier. The results will be described from PSIM simulation, Programming of MATLAB calculation and hardware testing.

Power electronic circuits fault diagnosis based on wavelet packet transform and LSSVM

Power electronic circuits play a vital role in industry application and get more attention in fault diagnosis fields in recent years. In this paper, a method based on wavelet packet transform and least square support vector machine is proposed to diagnose fault of power electronic circuits. We use single-phase half-bridge rectifier as example. Output voltage signal at the main circuit DC side is selected as research object. Wavelet packet transform is used to extract fault feature samples and then multi-class LSSVM classification is built for fault identification. Results show that the performances based on LSSVM are better than that of RBPNN.

Efficiency analysis and optimization of wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants

In the wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants, the receiving unit was generally inefficient for the reason that its design parameters including the receiving coil’s dimension and receiving circuits’ topology were always determined by experiments. In order to build the relationship between these parameters and the total transfer efficiency, this paper developed a novel efficiency model based on the impedance model of the coil and the circuit model of the receiving circuits. According to the design constraints, the optimal design parameters in the worst case were derived. The results indicate that the combination of the two-layered receiving coil and half-bridge rectifier has more advantages in size, efficiency and safety, which is preferred in the receiving unit. Additionally, when the load resistance increases, the optimal turn number of the receiving coil basically keeps constant and the corresponding transmitting current and total efficiency decrease. For 100 Ω load, the transmitting current and total efficiency in the worst case were measured to be 5.30 A and 1.45% respectively, which are much better than the published results. In general, our work provides an efficient method to determine the design parameters of the wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants.

Single-Phase to Three-Phase Converters With Two Parallel Single-Phase Rectifiers and Reduced Switch Count

This paper presents two single-phase to three-phase conversion systems for a three-phase load application. The load is connected to a single-phase grid through an ac–dc–ac single-phase to three-phase converter. The single-phase rectifier is composed of two parallel single-phase half-bridge rectifiers. The first proposed topology is composed of a full-bridge three-phase inverter, i.e., three-leg inverter, while the other topology is composed of a two-leg inverter. Suitable modeling, including the circulation current, and control strategy are presented. A pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique using a single or double carriers PWM implementation is presented. Proposed topologies permit to improve the harmonic distortion. In addition, the P5L converter can reduce the converter power losses. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented for validation purposes.

A Single-Phase Rectifier Having Two Independent Voltage Outputs With Reduced Fundamental Frequency Voltage Ripples

Half-bridge rectifiers are able to provide two voltage outputs, which offers three voltage levels, but the two voltage outputs depend on each other and also on system parameters. Moreover, the two voltage outputs contain large ripples because the currents following through the split capacitors contain significant fundamental-frequency components. In this paper, after analyzing the drawbacks of half-bridge rectifiers in detail, an independently controlled neutral leg is added to conventional half-bridge rectifiers to address these drawbacks. Furthermore, the associated decoupling control strategies are proposed. The rectification leg from the conventional half-bridge rectifier is controlled to maintain the dc-bus voltage and to draw a clean sinusoidal current that is in phase with the supply voltage. The neutral leg is controlled with a PI-repetitive controller to regulate one voltage output and also to provide the current path for any dc and/or fundamental-frequency components. As a result, the two voltage outputs are regulated independently and are robust against system parameters. The output voltage ripples are also reduced, and hence, the required capacitance to achieve the same level of voltage ripples is reduced. Experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed single-phase rectifiers having two independent voltage outputs.

아크에 의한 전력변환장치의 전기적 영향 분석

This paper investigates the electrical characteristics of popular power converters such as a half-bridge rectifier, a full-bridge rectifier, a buck converter, and an inverter when the arc is occurred at the input and the output of each converter. In order to generate an artificial arc, the arc generator has been implemented according to the design guideline suggested in UL1699. After that, the trend of the input and output voltage variation and the switching stress of the devices are analyzed. From the analysis, it has been confirmed that the generated arc causes an uncertain operation to the power converters. To reduce the unexpected disturbance effect of the arc, the capacitor adjustment method has been proposed, and its superiority has been experimentally verified.

Design and Implementation of a ZCS-PWM Half-Bridge Boost Rectifier With Output Voltage Balance Control

This paper provides a zero-current-switching (ZCS)-pulse width modulation (PWM) half-bridge boost rectifier with output voltage balance control using ZCS auxiliary resonant circuits. In the proposed ZCS-PWM half-bridge boost rectifier, ZCS in the active switches and ZCS in passive switches are performed without additional current stress. In addition to reduce switching losses, significant reductions in the conduction loss and in the current stress are realized because the circulating current for the soft-switching flows only through the auxiliary circuit. The steady-state analysis is performed for operation illustration, and the small-signal model is built up for output regulation control and power factor correction (PFC). An average-current-mode for PFC is utilized to control the proposed ZCS-PWM half-bridge boost in the continuous conduction mode. The two output capacitor voltage imbalance is inherent in the half-bridge rectifier, and therefore the balance control technique is added to be more complete for this research. The operational principles, design considerations, and realizations are discussed and verified. The specification of the proposed ZCS-PWM half-bridge boost is rated at 400 W and operates at 30 kHz, with an input ac voltage of 110 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and a regulated output voltage 400 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> , for experiments to verify the theoretic analysis of the proposed ZCS-PWM half-bridge boost with output voltage balance control.

Research on Enhanced Magnetism and Demagnetization Armature Reaction of Double Salient Electro-Magnetic Motor

This paper researches on half-bridge rectifier of double salient Electro-magnetic motor. It analysis principles of two rectifier models and studies the armature reaction. Through the experiment of the output of 28.5V on the motor, we find the proper rectifier model for low voltage output of direct current.

Single-Phase Voltage-Quadrupler Rectifier With Sinusoidal Input Current

A single-phase voltage-quadrupler rectifier with sinusoidal input current is presented. This has the circuit configuration that is based on the combination of a half-bridge rectifier and pump circuits. The circuit can be operated in the switching states for pumping action to pump twice the peak supply voltage onto each of the output capacitor and for forcing the input current to follow its sinusoidal reference in the vicinity of a zero crossing of the supply. The prototype tested, using the insulated gate bipolar transistors and a controller for the output voltage regulation, is implemented to investigate the operation. The experimental and the simulated results confirm that the input current can be waveshaped sinusoidally with a near-unity power factor.

A Simple Analog Controller for Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier

A simple analog controller is proposed for the single-phase half-bridge pulsewidth modulation rectifier to maintain near unity power factor at the input and balance the voltages across each half of the dc bus. The controller works in the principle of constant-frequency current programmed control. The required gating pulses are generated by comparing the input current with a linear and bipolar carrier without sensing the input voltage. Two voltage controllers and a single reset-integrator are used to generate the carrier. All the necessary control operations are performed without using any phase locked loop, multiplier, and/or divider circuits. Resistor based sensors are used to measure the voltages across two halves of the dc bus and the input current. The controller can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit. The averaged small signal models and all the necessary design equations are provided. The condition of stability against subharmonic oscillation is analyzed. Calculation of switching and conduction losses is presented. The control concept is validated through simulation and also experimentally on an 800-W half-bridge rectifier. Experimental results are presented for ac-dc application, and also for ac-dc-ac application with both linear and nonlinear loads at two different output fundamental frequencies (50 and 60Hz)