Hajar Hospital Research Articles

Isolation and Molecular Detection of Gram Negative Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Referred to Shahrekord Hospitals, Iran.

Background:Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), and their complications, cause serious health problems, which affect millions of people every year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body and approximately 20% of women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons not yet well understood. Urinary Tract Infections in men are not as common as in women yet can be very serious when they do occur. Accurate identification of bacterial isolates is an essential task of the clinical microbiology laboratory.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and variety of the causative microbial agents of UTIs in patients who had referred to a medical laboratory of Kashani and Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran.Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study 147 urine samples of patients (urine test results were positive for UTIs) were examined during April to September 2013. A total of 147 urine samples of patients with clinical symptoms of UTI who had been referred to a medical laboratory of Kashani and Hajar hospital in Shahrekord (Iran), were collected and processed immediately for laboratory analysis.Results:Escherichia coli was identified as the most common causative agent of UTIs (51.70% of total isolates in both sexes), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) (16.32%). Frequency of Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Entrobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Providencia spp. was 10.88%, 6.12%, 5.44%, 4.08%, 3.40% and 2.04%, respectively. Statistical analysis by Fisher exact test showed that there was no significant relationship between the type of bacteria and gender (P > 0.05). Chi square test showed that there was no significant relationship between the type of bacteria and the use of catheter and age group (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between the type of bacteria and the history of hospitalization (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Our findings implied that a wide range of bacteria could be involved in creating urinary tract infection in patients referred to a medical laboratory of Kashani and Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Regardless of age, sex and the use of catheter, a wide range of bacteria could be involved in urinary tract infections.

The Difference of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection Risk Based on Chateterization Urine, Age, and Diabetes Mellitus

Nosocomial urinary tract infection is common occurs in patients with indwelling urinary chateter. Factors that caused nosocomial urinary tract infection are host, agent, and chateterization urine. The aim of this research was to analyze risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on chateterization urine, age, and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study used case control with sample size 20 for each group. Case sample was patients who diagnosed urinary tract infection, while control sampel was patients who not diagnosed urinary tract infection in Haji Hospital Surabaya on 2013 until 2014. The independent variables were duration of chateterization, frequency of chateterization, age, and DM, while dependent variable was nosocomial urinary tract infection. Those variables was analyze with risk difference (RD) in Epi Info. The result showed that risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on duration of chateterization is RD = 0,52 it means if changing chateter was done every seven days used, it can prevent 0,52 from 0,71 or 73,53% urinary tract infection cases, frequency of chateterization is RD = 0,43956 it means if decrease frequency of chateterization until one time used, it can prevent 0,44 from 0,79 or 55,94% urinary tract infection cases, age is RD = 0,40 it means if insertion of urine catheter as indicated and right procedure in patient with >55 old it can prevent 0,40 from 0,68 or 59,26% urinary tract infection cases, and DM is RD = 0,42 it means if preventing toward DM, it can prevent 0,42 from 0,75 or 55,56% urinary tract infection cases.Keyword: chateterization urine, age, diabetes mellitus, nosocomial urinary tract infection

The Difference of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection Risk Based on Chateterization Urine, Age, and Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACTNosocomial urinary tract infection is common occurs in patients with indwelling urinary chateter. Factors that caused nosocomial urinary tract infection are host, agent, and chateterization urine. The aim of this research was to analyze risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on chateterization urine, age, and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study used case control with sample size 20 for each group. Case sample was patients who diagnosed urinary tract infection, while control sampel was patients who not diagnosed urinary tract infection in Haji Hospital Surabaya on 2013 until 2014. The independent variables were duration of chateterization, frequency of chateterization, age, and DM, while dependent variable was nosocomial urinary tract infection. Those variables was analyze with risk difference (RD) in Epi Info. The result showed that risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on duration of chateterization is RD = 0,52 it means if changing chateter was done every seven days used, it can prevent 0,52 from 0,71 or 73,53% urinary tract infection cases, frequency of chateterization is RD = 0,43956 it means if decrease frequency of chateterization until one time used, it can prevent 0,44 from 0,79 or 55,94% urinary tract infection cases, age is RD = 0,40 it means if insertion of urine catheter as indicated and right procedure in patient with >55 old it can prevent 0,40 from 0,68 or 59,26% urinary tract infection cases, and DM is RD = 0,42 it means if preventing toward DM, it can prevent 0,42 from 0,75 or 55,56% urinary tract infection cases.Keyword: chateterization urine, age, diabetes mellitus, nosocomial urinary tract infection

Comparison of indomethacin suppository and lidocaine cream on post-episiotomy pain: A randomized trial.

Background:One of the most important problems after episiotomy is perineal pain which is more severe on the first day of postpartum period. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of indomethacin suppository and lidocaine cream in the management of post-episiotomy pain.Materials and Methods:In a randomized, controlled trial, 60 primiparous women who had mediolateral episiotomy received 50 mg indomethacin suppository (n = 30) or 2% lidocaine cream (n = 30) in the postpartum period in Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord (Iran). The mean severity of post-episiotomy pain was assessed with the first complaint and at 6, 12, and 24 h after the delivery, and compared in the two groups. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain recording and data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test, χ2, and Fisher's exact tests, and significance was defined as P < 0.05.Results:With the first complaint of pain, the mean intensity of pain was 4.9 (1.9) in the indomethacin group and 4.9 (1.8) in the lidocaine group, and the difference was not significant (P = 0.25). Six hours after birth, it was 3.3 (1.3) in the indomethacin group and 3.2 (1.9) in the lidocaine group, and there was not a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.90). No significant difference was found between the two groups at 12 h after birth [2.3 (1.7) vs 2.5 (1.7); P = 0.59]. Also, the difference was not significant at 24 h after birth [1.5 (1.3) vs 1.8 (1.3); P = 0.31].Conclusions:It was concluded from the study that indomethacin suppository and lidocaine cream have similar efficacy on episiotomy pain relief on the first day of postpartum period.

A preliminary study of inherited thrombophilic risk factors in different clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism in central Iran.

Background & objectives:Inherited thrombophilia is known to be an important risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism. Whether such abnormalities may impact the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) differently is not well defined. This preliminary study was undertaken to compare thrombophilic polymorphism in patients with DVT and PE.Methods:A total of 35 DVT, 23 DVT/PE, and 37 PE patients admitted to the Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran, between October 2009 and February 2011 were included in the study and 306 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex from the same geographical area with no history of venous or arterial diseases were included as control group. Factor V Leiden (FV 1691G/A, rs6025), prothrombin (FII 20210G/A), methylene tetrahydrofulate reductase (MTHFR 677C/T, rs1801133), and PLA2 polymorphisms of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GpIIIa 1565T/C, rs5918) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:The number of patients with the investigated polymorphisms and homozygous carriers was significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the presence of FV 1691G/A and FII 20210G/A between any of the patients groups and the control group. GpIIIa 1565T/C and homozygous MTHFR 677C/T polymorphisms were higher in DVT patients compared with the control group (OR=6.65, 95% CI=3.09-14.30 and OR=4.08, 95% CI=1.35-12.38, respectively).Interpretation & conclusions:As none of the investigated polymorphisms were associated with PE, other thrombophilia polymorphisms may have a role in the pathogenesis of PE in these patients and should be investigated. Because of different prognostic risk factors among different types of patients, the treatment approach could be different.

Evaluation of Dri-Dot OMPs Salmonella Typhi in Suspected Typhoid Fever Patients as an Immunodiagnostic Kit

Background. Several studies have identified a protein of OMP S. Typhi. The protein is highly immunogenic and can be recognize whole cells of S. Typhi. The aims of the study was to evaluate the Dri-dot OMPs immunoreactivity in typhoid fever suspected patients. Method. Samples obtained from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, lbnu Sina Hospital, and Haji Hospital of Makassar from February to November 2014. Their sensitivity and specificity were evaluated against blood culture method as the gold standard. For each of the two tests, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated using standard formulae. Results. A total of 15 of suspected typhoid fever samples examined for culture, lateral flow and Dri-dot OMPs. Examination of blood culture method showed that 3 of 15 (20%) patients had a blood culture positive for S. typhi. Dri-dot OMPs were positive in 13 (86.7%) serum samples. Fourteen (93.3%) serum samples were positive for lateral flow examination. Thirteen samples were positive for both Dri-dot and lateral flow. One sample was negative for both lateral flow and Dri-dot. One sample was positive for Dri-dot but negative for lateral flow. Conclusion. We conclude that there was no difference between Dri-dot OMPs, lateral flow and widal tests. Dri-dot could be of use for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in patients who have clinical typhoid fever

Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus Extract on BUN and Creatinine Levels and Cellular Response Proinflammatory Factors TNF-α and IL-1β on Gout Arthritis Patients

The purpose of this research was to develop anti-cytokine-based treatment using extract of Plectranthus amboinicus applied to gout arthritis (GA) patients. The research was quasi experimental, with a pretest-posttest randomized control group design. The samples were GA patientsin the Outpatient Installation of Internal Medicine in General Hospital Haji,Surabaya. The sample was comprised of 30 respondents. The respondents were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was asked to take medicine from the hospital, coupled with Plectranthus amboinicus extract capsules, for 7 days, during which time patients’ joint inflammation was observed. The control group was provided with only medication from the hospital, and their joint inflammation was likewise observed. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, to measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, as well as the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. There was a decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in the control group, but it was not significant, decreasing by 3% and 8%, respectively. The treatment group also showed elevated levels of BUN and creatinine, which also was not significant at 3% and 7%, respectively. There was a decrease in the concentration of TNF-α in the control group by 9% and 22%. The concentration of IL-1β in the control group increased by 18%, whereas,in the treatment group,it decreased by3%; however,the decreases in bothgroups were not significant.

The Relationship Between Obesity and Smoking to Hypertension Incidence

ABSTRACTHypertension is a disease that causes morbidity and mortality about 20–50% of all deaths. In the worldwide, about 927 people suffer hypertension and that number will be increase to 29,2 in 2025. Obesity and smoking are one of risk factors to hypertension incidence. The purpose of this research was to analayze the relationship between obesity and smoking to hypertension incidence. The cross sectional design is used in this research and involved 75 samples who ware selected from cardiology’s patients at Haji Hospital Surabaya by simple random sampling on May 2014. The variables are sex, obesity, and smoking behavior. In the smoking behavior data, the history of smoking, filters used, smoking periode, total cigarette, and types of cigarette are used. In this research, crosstabulation with Chi Square test is used on data analysis. There are 45 people (60%) had hypertension and 64,4% from sample with hypertension was women. The result of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between obesity and hypertension (p = 0,014) with coeffisient contingension about 0,299. Otherwise, there was no a significant relationship between history of smoking (p = 0,211), filters used (p = 0,378), smoking periode (p = 1,000), smoker criteria (p = 0,848), and types of cigarette (p = 0,673) to hypertension incidence. The conclution of this research was only obesity which had a relationship with hypertension incidence.Keywords: hypertension, sex, obesity, smoking behavior

The Relationship Between Obesity and Smoking to Hypertension Incidence

ABSTRACTHypertension is a disease that causes morbidity and mortality about 20–50% of all deaths. In the worldwide, about 927 people suffer hypertension and that number will be increase to 29,2 in 2025. Obesity and smoking are one of risk factors to hypertension incidence. The purpose of this research was to analayze the relationship between obesity and smoking to hypertension incidence. The cross sectional design is used in this research and involved 75 samples who ware selected from cardiology’s patients at Haji Hospital Surabaya by simple random sampling on May 2014. The variables are sex, obesity, and smoking behavior. In the smoking behavior data, the history of smoking, filters used, smoking periode, total cigarette, and types of cigarette are used. In this research, crosstabulation with Chi Square test is used on data analysis. There are 45 people (60%) had hypertension and 64,4% from sample with hypertension was women. The result of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between obesity and hypertension (p = 0,014) with coeffisient contingension about 0,299. Otherwise, there was no a significant relationship between history of smoking (p = 0,211), filters used (p = 0,378), smoking periode (p = 1,000), smoker criteria (p = 0,848), and types of cigarette (p = 0,673) to hypertension incidence. The conclution of this research was only obesity which had a relationship with hypertension incidence.Keywords: hypertension, sex, obesity, smoking behavior

PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP TINGKAT DEPRESI, KECEMASAN, STRES, DAN KUALITAS HIDUP PENDERITA PENYAKIT KRONIS DI KOTA MAKASSAR (KAJIAN SURVEI EPIDEMIOLOGI BERBASIS INTEGRASI ISLAM DAN KESEHATAN)

In Indonesia, according to source of Riskersda in 2007, the most powerful of death cause was stoke (15,4%), then hypertensi, diabet, cancer and cronic and obstructif lungs disease which can decrease the grand quality of life. There were many studies that told us religiousity (obeying the religion‟s rule) had good impact for health, one example was in US. This research purpose is to tell us the relationship between religiousity and depression, anxiety, stress and life quality of cronic sufferer in Makassar, which is held in Haji Hospital and Labuang Baji Hospital. All of cronic sufferer in Makassar 2013 are population which taken by non probability sample accidental sampling total ammount 38 people. This research uses survey analitical method with cross sectional study by using question to get the data about religiousity, depression, anxiety and stress, also patient life quality. The result of this research shows us that, there is no significant relationship between religiousity and depression of cronic disease because mark of P >0,05 is 0,457 and shows positive relations with weak relation 0,321. Religiousity of anxiety also shows there is no significant relationship between religiousity and anxiety chronic suffer disease because mark of P >0,05 is -0,72 and shows negativecorrelation with strong correlation 0,769. Religiousity of stress shows there is no significant relationship between religiousity and stress of chronic suffer because mark of P>0,05 is 0,232 and shows positive correlation with power of correlation 0,449. Besides religiousity and life quality shows there is no significant reltionship between religiousity and life quality of chronic suffer because mark of P>0,05 is 0,556 and shows positive correlationwith weak correlation 0,250. We need new program from the health and medical departement especially the hospital that can include religiousity to the patient in healing process. Applying religiousity research in many side of life, not only in health and medical departement but also ini educational departement, then religousity experience especially for the patient in dialy of life by reading and reciting the holy qur‟an. Key word : Cronic disease, religiousity, depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life

Effect of diet education on blood pressure changes and interdialytic weight in hemodialysis patients admitted in hajar hospital in shahrekord.

Background and aim:Nutrition is a key factor in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease because kidney burden decrease causes uremic reduction and its side effects. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of diet education on blood pressure changes and interdialytic weight in Hemodialysis patients admitted to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital in Shahrekord.Methods:This quasi-experimental and interventional study of 100 dialysis patients referred to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital was performed in a pre-test and post-test in 2011. Diet education, including face to face training with instruction booklets, were conducted in the two sessions. Having carried out the educational program, blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain were measured and recorded one month before and during three stages and after the educational program by researcher-designed checklists. The data were analyzed through Spss16 software by Paired t-test and ANOVA.Results:The results showed that mean of primary weight of the patients increase from 66.15±15.10 to 64.43±14.67. Mean of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients in three stages were reduced to 6.65±1.51 mmg 2.24±1.82 mmg respectively. There was a significant difference between the creatinine amount in patients before and after of training (p≤0.01) but no meaningful difference was observed between the BUN amount before and after of training (p≤0.031).Conclusion:Training to patients underwent hemodialysis in order to observe diet and its effects on improvement in treatment are of significant importance.

Effect of diet education on blood pressure changes and interdialytic weight in hemodialysis patients admitted in hajar hospital in shahrekord.

Background and aim:Nutrition is a key factor in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease because kidney burden decrease causes uremic reduction and its side effects. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of diet education on blood pressure changes and interdialytic weight in Hemodialysis patients admitted to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital in Shahrekord.Methods:This quasi-experimental and interventional study of 100 dialysis patients referred to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital was performed in a pre-test and post-test in 2011. Diet education, including face to face training with instruction booklets, were conducted in the two sessions. Having carried out the educational program, blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain were measured and recorded one month before and during three stages and after the educational program by researcher-designed checklists. The data were analyzed through SPSS 16 software by Paired t-test and ANOVA.Results:The results showed that mean of primary weight of the patients increase from 66.15±15.10 to 64.43±14.67. Mean of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients in three stages were reduced to 6.65±1.51 mmg 2.24±1.82 mmg respectively. There was a significant difference between the creatinine amount in patients before and after of training (p≤0.01) but no meaningful difference was observed between the BUN amount before and after of training (p≤0.031).Conclusion:training to patients underwent hemodialysis in order to observe diet and its effects on improvement in treatment are of significant importance.

A retrospective study on drug interaction for pediatric in-patients at Central Public Hospital Haji Adam Malik, Medan for the period of January-June 2012

Background: Drug interaction is one of the factors causing a drug-related problem. Pharmacoepidemiology of drug interaction for pediatric patients at Central Public Hospital Haji Adam Malik, Medan has not come to light. The objective of this study was to find out the correlation between the amount of drug, the age and sex of patients, the number of patients diagnosed with drug interaction, the drug involved, the frequency, the mechanisms of drug interaction, and its severity levels for pediatric in-patients at Central Public Hospital Haji Adam Malik, Medan. Methods: The data for this study were collected by conducting a retrospective analysis to 232 medical records, which were kept from January to June 2012. The data collected for this study included demography, the amount of drug, and patient diagnoses. The drug interaction was confirmed in the website http://www.drugs.com and Tatro Drug Facts interaction. To determine the correlation between dependent and independent variables, Spearman’s bivariate correlation (for amount of drug, age of patient, and diagnoses) and Mann-Whitney’s Comparative Test (for sex) were used. Results: The frequency of drug-drug interaction was 75.43%. Based on drug interaction mechanism, the interaction was divided into pharmacokinetics interaction (24.76%), pharmacodynamics interaction (3.45%), and unknown interaction (71.78%). The drugs commonly involved in drug interactions were dexamethasone, vitamin E, captopril, spironolactone, phenytoin, and furosemide. The severity levels were major (8.83%), moderate (66.41%), and minor (24.76%). Conclusion: The statistical data analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the amount of drugs and the number of diagnoses, while age and sex did not show any significant correlation.

The Effects of Lavandula Angustifolia Mill Infusion on Depression in Patients Using Citalopram: A comparison Study

BackgroundMany herbs have been used to treat psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression in traditional medicine.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to determine the effect of using Lavandula angustifilia infusion on depression in patients taking Citalopram.Patients and MethodsAmong all patients referred to the Hajar Hospital psychiatric clinic, Shahrekord, Iran, 80 patients who met the criteria of major depression according to the structured interviews and the Hamilton questionnaire for Depression were included in the study. They were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental treatment group and standard treatment group at this study. In standard treatment group, the patients were given Citalopram 20 mg. In experimental treatment group, the patients took 2 cups of the infusion of 5 g dried Lavandula angustifilia in addition to tablet Citalopram 20 mg twice a day. The patients were followed up for four and eight weeks of the study onset using Hamilton Scale questionnaire and treatment side effects form. Data were analyzed using student t-test, pair t-test and chi square.ResultsAfter four weeks of the trial onset, the mean depression score according to the Hamilton Scale for Depression was 17.5 ± 3.5 in the standard treatment group and 15.2 ± 3.6 in the experimental treatment group (P < 0.05). After eight weeks, it was 16.8±4.6 and 14.8±4 respectively (P < 0.01). In addition, the most commonly observed adverse effects were nausea (12.8 %) and confusion (10%). In terms of side effects, there were no significant differences between two groups.ConclusionsConsidering the results of this study, Lavandula angustifilia infusion has some positive therapeutic effects on depressed patients most importantly decreases mean depression score and might be used alone or as an adjunct to other anti-depressant drugs.

Comparison of Agar screen and duplex-PCR methods in determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from nasal carriage

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) have become a serious health issue in engendering nosocomial infections. Due to the heterogeneity of this type of resistance, the conventional antibiotic susceptibility tests may fail to detect MRSA strains. The purpose of this research was to compare the phenotypic agar screen method with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of MRSA strains isolated from the nasal samples of hospital personnel. Totally, 52 coagulase positive S. aureus strains were isolated from nasal samples of 204 hospital personnel of Hajar Hospital affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Susceptibility to oxacillin in the strains was evaluated by the phenotypic agar screen method. The presence of the methicillin resistance gene, mec A, was studied through duplex PCR method. The results of both methods were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the methods were determined. Totally, 23 out of the 52 isolated S. aureus (44%) were phenotypically resistant to oxacillin, but 27 (52%) carried mecA gene. The sensitivity and specificity of the phenotypic agar screen method for determination of MRSA strains were found to be 81.5 and 96%, respectively. As compared to duplex PCR, oxacillin agar screen method is a simple, inexpensive, and practical phenotypic method with relatively low false positive results and thus may be suitable for verification of suspicious MRSA strains. However, for the relatively high false negative results, it may not be recommended for the primary screening of MRSA strains from the nasal samples of healthy carriers working at hospitals. Key words: Nosocomial infections, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Blastocystis Hominis Infection Among Hospitalized Children Due to Diarrhea in Hajar Hospital, Shahre-Kord, Iran

Background : Blastocystis hominisis is an intestinal protozoan, recently known as a potential pathogen, which causes intestinal disorders, especially in children. The parasite has a worldwide distribution, ranged from 2% up to 30% in some regions. Objectives : Given no specific study focused on infection rate of B. hominis in children with diarrhea in Iran, this study was carried out to detect frequency of the parasite in children with diarrhea. Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study from September 2009 to July 2010, one hundred and sixty hospitalized children with diarrhea in Hajar Hospital, Shahre-Kord, Iran were enrolled. Stool samples were collected and were examined microscopically in wet direct smear using normal saline and iodine solution (Lugol). Furthermore, permanent trichrome stain was performed and all stools were stained and studied with oil immersion's lens (100 ×). Results: Out of 160 stool samples were examined, in 37 cases (23%) including 25 boys and 12 girls, B. hominis was the most frequent protozoa, followed by Giardia lamblia in 19 cases (12%). E. histolitica/dispare were detected only in two cases (1%). Conclusions: The frequency of B. hominis in the study was more than other reports from Iran. This study revealed that among hospitalized children with diarrhea, B. hominis was the most common protozoon

Frequency of hepatitis C virus genotypes in infected patients in Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari Province, Iran

In Iran, limited information exists on the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in different districts of the country. In Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari Province, there was no datum on the mentioned issue. In this study, serum samples were collected from 80 clinical patients (suspected to have HCV infection between 2009 and 2010) and tested in a laboratory in Hajar Hospital of Shahre-Kord, Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari Province, Iran; they were analyzed for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). The most frequently found genotype was genotype 3a, present in 11 to 17 (64.7%) patients, followed by genotype 1a. In conclusion, the most frequent HCV genotype in Shahre-Kord was 3a, which was different from that of Iran’s general population, an indication that the epidemiology of HCV infection in the region is drug abuse predominated. More studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. Key words: Hepatitis C virus genotyping, Iran, epidemiology.

Study ofHelicobacter pylorigenotype status in saliva, dental plaques, stool and gastric biopsy samples

To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from saliva, dental plaques, gastric biopsy, and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H. pylori infection. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 antral gastric biopsy, saliva, dental plaque and stool samples which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy referred to endoscopy centre of Hajar hospital of Shahrekord, Iran from March 2010 to February 2011. Initially, H. pylori strains were identified by rapid urease test (RUT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied to determine the presence of H. pylori (ureC) and for genotyping of voculating cytotoxin gene A (vacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) genes in each specimen. Finally the data were analyzed by using statistical formulas such as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to find any significant relationship between these genes and patient's diseases. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of 300 gastric biopsy samples, 77.66% were confirmed to be H. pylori positive by PCR assay while this bacterium were detected in 10.72% of saliva, 71.67% of stool samples. We were not able to find it in dental plaque specimens. The prevalence of H. pylori was 90.47% among patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 80% among patients with gastric cancer, and 74.13% among patients with none ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) by PCR assay. The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens. 94.42% of H. pylori positive specimens were cagA positive and all samples had amplified band both for vacA s and m regions. There was significant relationship between vacA s1a/m1a and PUD diseases (P = 0.04), s2/m2 genotype and NUD diseases (P = 0.05). No statically significant relationship was found between cagA status with clinical outcomes and vacA genotypes (P = 0.65). The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens. Regard to high similarity in genotype of H. pylori isolates from saliva, stomach and stool, this study support the idea which fecal- oral is the main route of H. pylori transmission and oral cavity may serve as a reservoir for H. pylori, however, remarkable genotype diversity among stomach, saliva and stool samples showed that more than one H. pylori genotype may exist in a same patient.

P02-29 - The effect of lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of depression

Background and aimMedical plants have been used for centuries as a medicinal agent in treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the lavendula officinalis on depression in patients using citalopram.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study eighty patients randomly allocated into two groups (40 patients in each group). Patients who complained from depression were studied during a two-month double-blind study. In control group, patients were given 20 mg citalopram twice daily plus placebo and case group were treated with 5 g arial part of dried Lavendula officinalis and citaloperam (20 mg, twice per day). After 4 and 8 weeks, patients were followed for evaluations of their depression and complications. Depression severity was scored using standard Hamilton’s depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi square and Paired-t test.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment, mean depression score in case and control groups were 15.2 ± 3.6 and 17.5 ± 3.5, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). After 2 months the mean score of depression in case and control groups was 14.8 ± 4 and 16.8 ± 4.6, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). The most common side effects in two groups were confusion and dry mouth, which were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionLavendula officinalis has a positive effect on depressed patients and may be useful to decrease the severity of depression in patients using other antidepressants.

Prevalence of xerostomia on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hajj Hospital Surabaya

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. A defective or deficient of the insulin secretory, which is translated into impaired carbohydrate (glucose) use, is characteristic feature of DM, as the resultant is hyperglycemia. There is variability among patients, however, morphologic changes are likely found in arteries (atherosclerosis), basement membrane of the blood vessel wall tissues (micro angiopathy), kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), retina (retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy) and other tissues. If it involves salivary glands, the clinical sign is xerostomia. The type 2 of DM is caused by a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin action and an inadequate secretory response of the pancreatic b -cell. Approximately 80% to 90% of patients have type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of xerostomia and its relation with level of blood glucose in type 2 DM. The data was taken using cross sectional method on the diabetic patients of Internal Medicine clinic, Hajj Hospital Surabaya from February to March 2006. The result that showed among 50 samples of the type 2 DM, the prevalence of xerostomia were 38 patients (76%). Most of the patients (32 patients = 84%) on bad regulation of DM with level of fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl and level of post prandial glucose ≥ 180 mg/dl. The study showed that bad regulation of type 2 DM could develop complication on salivary glands, with xerostomia as the clinical sign.