Haizhu District Research Articles

Combination of Cultural Heritage and Hotel Tourism: A Case Study of Fabric Culture in Wufeng Village, Guangzhou

The Wufeng Village is an urban village that located in Haizhu District, Guangzhou city. Urban village is a special product of rapid urbanization since reform and open up of China. It’s the village (collective land) left in the city (state-owned land), wrapped up by the modern city. However, Wufeng Village has a long history and is one of the two largest textile cluster bases in China. Guangzhou Textile Trading Park, Yangtze River International Textile City, Dazhong Fabric Market, Zhongdajiangnan Textile City is located there, is the world’s fabric distribution center. The people there rely on the fabric industry for their livelihood. But in recent years, due to the deterioration of the economic environment, the rise of international competition, the rise of systematic risks in the industrial chain, and the impact of the pandemic, the industry of Wufeng Village needs an opportunity to upgrade and innovate.

Diabetes prediction model for unbalanced community follow-up data set based on optimal feature selection and scorecard.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease and early detection is crucial to ensuring a healthy life for people with prediabetes. Community care plays an important role in public health, but the association between community follow-up of key life characteristics and diabetes risk remains unclear. Based on the method of optimal feature selection and risk scorecard, follow-up data of diabetes patients are modeled to assess diabetes risk. We conducted a study on the diabetes risk assessment model and risk scorecard using follow-up data from diabetes patients in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, from 2016 to 2023. The raw data underwent preprocessing and imbalance handling. Subsequently, features relevant to diabetes were selected and optimized to determine the optimal subset of features associated with community follow-up and diabetes risk. We established the diabetes risk assessment model. Furthermore, for a comprehensible and interpretable risk expression, the Weight of Evidence transformation method was applied to features. The transformed features were discretized using the quantile binning method to design the risk scorecard, mapping the model's output to five risk levels. In constructing the diabetes risk assessment model, the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy. The risk scorecard obtained an accuracy of 85.16%, precision of 87.30%, recall of 80.26%, and an F1 score of 83.27% on the unbalanced research dataset. The performance loss compared to the diabetes risk assessment model was minimal, suggesting that the binning method used for constructing the diabetes risk scorecard is reasonable, with very low feature information loss. The methods provided in this article demonstrate effectiveness and reliability in the assessment of diabetes risk. The assessment model and scorecard can be directly applied to community doctors for large-scale risk identification and early warning and can also be used for individual self-examination to reduce risk factor levels.

Diabetes risk prediction model based on community follow-up data using machine learning

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, the follow-up management of diabetes patients is mostly in the community, but the relationship between key lifestyle indicators in community follow-up and the risk of diabetes is unclear. In order to explore the association between key life characteristic indicators of community follow-up and the risk of diabetes, 252,176 follow-up records of people with diabetes patients from 2016 to 2023 were obtained from Haizhu District, Guangzhou. According to the follow-up data, the key life characteristic indicators that affect diabetes are determined, and the optimal feature subset is obtained through feature selection technology to accurately assess the risk of diabetes. A diabetes risk assessment model based on a random forest classifier was designed, which used optimal feature parameter selection and algorithm model comparison, with an accuracy of 91.24% and an AUC corresponding to the ROC curve of 97%. In order to improve the applicability of the model in clinical and real life, a diabetes risk score card was designed and tested using the original data, the accuracy was 95.15%, and the model reliability was high. The diabetes risk prediction model based on community follow-up big data mining can be used for large-scale risk screening and early warning by community doctors based on patient follow-up data, further promoting diabetes prevention and control strategies, and can also be used for wearable devices or intelligent biosensors for individual patient self examination, in order to improve lifestyle and reduce risk factor levels.

Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particle-Bound Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Suburban Areas of South China.

Airborne particulates (PM2.5 and TSP) were collected from outdoor and indoor areas at urban (Haizhu District) and suburban (Huadu District) sites from 2019 to 2020 in Guangzhou. Three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the airborne particulates were identified by a gas chromatograph equipped with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the Haizhu District and Huadu District, the nitro-PAH concentrations in PM2.5 and TSP did not show a significant decrease from winter to summer. From 2019 to 2020, the difference in the average concentration of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP in Guangzhou was relatively low and had no statistical significance. The diagnostic ratios of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF)/1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in TSP are less than five, while for 2-NF/1-NP in outdoor PM2.5 in the summer of 2019 and 2020 are more than five, which indicates that nitro-PAHs in the atmospheric PM2.5 in Guangzhou during summer mainly originated from the secondary formation of atmospheric photochemical reactions between parent PAHs and oxidants (·OH, NO3, and O3). 9-Nitroanthracene (9-NT) made the most significant contribution to the total nitro-PAH concentration. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP by inhalation exposure indicated low potential health risks in the urban-suburban of Guangzhou.

Integrated Risk Assessment of Waterlogging in Guangzhou Based on Runoff Modeling, AHP, GIS and Scenario Analysis

Among the various natural disasters encountered by cities, rainstorm waterlogging has become a serious disaster, affecting the sustainable development of cities. Taking Guangzhou as the research object, based on disaster system theory and risk triangle theory, the evaluation framework “risk of hazard causing factors—sensitivity of disaster environment—vulnerability of hazard bearing body” was selected to construct the waterlogging risk assessment model of Guangzhou. The weighted comprehensive evaluation method (AHP) was used to determine the index weight, and the rainfall runoff inundation range under different rainstorm scenarios was deduced through a Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff generation model and GIS local equal volume passive inundation simulation. The results show that when the precipitation in 2 h is less than 100 mm, the inundation range increases by 3.4 km2 for every 10 mm increase in precipitation; When the precipitation in 2 h is greater than 100 mm, the inundation range will increase by 18 km2 for every 10 mm increase in precipitation. The total area of medium and high flood risk in Guangzhou is 441.3 km2, mainly concentrated in Yuexiu District, Liwan District, Haizhu District and Tianhe District.

Optimization of Site Selection for Emergency Medical Facilities considering the SEIR Model.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the rapid construction and operation of Wuhan Vulcan Mountain Hospital and Raytheon Hospital have attracted positive responses from local and international observers. At the same time, it has also highlighted the urgency for the construction of emergency medical facilities for public health emergencies. Before construction, the practical location of medical facilities is the basis for improving the city's emergency management ability. Based on the classic susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) epidemic model and epidemic data in Guangzhou, we established a multi-stage time-delay SEIR epidemic model that is suitable for epidemic research in Guangzhou. According to the results of the model, the five areas with the highest number of infected patients were identified, which included Baiyun District, Panyu District, Haizhu District, Tianhe District, and Zengcheng District. We then centralized infected individuals at five demand points. Based on the distribution of these points and by combining the characteristics of the emergency medical facilities, we built and solved the set covering location decision model, and considered the economy, society, and environment as the starting points to optimize the site location. Finally, based on simulations, we concluded that appropriate site selection can increase the time required to reach the maximum number of patients and reduce the proportion of infected and exposed people by 11.3% and 1.11%, respectively. This is indicative of the effectiveness of the site selection model and the rational selection of facility points in this study. It solves the optimization problem of the location decision of emergency medical facilities for public health emergencies in China, and also provides some valuable references for site selection decisions of emergency medical facilities in other areas.

Study on the seismic lethal level of buildings and seismic disaster risk in Guangzhou, China

Seismic disaster risk assessment results are an important way to reduce disaster losses and casualties. In this article, a seismic disaster risk assessment method is constructed based on the lethal level, and a quantitative assessment of the earthquake disaster risk in Guangzhou is carried out. There are four typical building types in this study area: brick-wood structures, brick-concrete structures, reinforced concrete structures, and civil structures. Typical building structural components (vertical load-bearing component, ring beam, mortar of infilled wall, roof or floor structure, foundation, height of building, nonstructural component, anti-seismic joint or other anti-seismic measures) are selected to build the lethal level index system of buildings. On the basis of the field survey, a lethal level of 431 survey points is obtained. The average lethal level in urban areas is 0.3476, and in rural areas is 0.4198, the overall lethal level of each township is 0.389, and the errors between the urban and rural areas are 0.0414 and 0.0308, and the fitting results coefficient of determination (R2) values are 0.6803 and 0.6714, respectively, the results is good. Furthermore, considering the seismic hazard (peak ground acceleration, PGA), population exposure and lethal level, the seismic disaster risk distribution of the Guangzhou area is determined. Under different intensities, the risk of death has shown obvious characteristics, as the intensity increases, the number of possible deaths increases rapidly, ranging from a few to several thousand, the higher risk areas are relatively fixed, generally mainly located in the central city, the quantitative assessment results of disaster risk also have obvious directivity. The areas with the highest risk are located in most areas of Tianhe District, Liwan District and Haizhu District, the highest grid death result is more than 1; the lethal level of Baiyun District and Huangpu District is low, but the death risk is also higher, generally between 0.5 and 1, in rural areas in the southern and northern regions of Guangzhou, the risk is relatively low, generally between 0 and 0.5. The distribution map of seismic disaster risk can provide solid scientific and technological support for the government to investigate potential risk points.

Monitoring of Urban Heat Island Based on Community Scale: A Case Study of Guangzhou

This paper is purposed to systematically explain the mechanism of community-scale urban heat island effect, thus providing a practical guidance on how to mitigate it in the urban community-scale thermal environment. Herein, a research is conducted into the surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity on community scale in the five center urban districts of Guangzhou city. the urban heat island intensity on community scale (CUHII) of the five center urban districts is calculated to analyze the correlation between CUHII and six community factors, including plot ratio, building height, building density, the total number of community households and greening rate. The significant influencing factors for CUHII are building height, plot ratio and greening ratio. The areas with higher CUHII are located in the south of Baiyun District, the whole of Liwan District and the southwest of Haizhu District, but low in the north and the east. The CUHII in different stages of the construction concentrates on the second and third levels (4~8℃), showing an upward trend with the age of construction. There is also an increasing trend shown over time by the significance of correlation between the spatial anisotropy of CUHII and the following four factors, building height, plot ratio, the total number of households, and greening rate.

Variations in airborne pollen and spores in urban Guangzhou and their relationships with meteorological variables

Airborne pollen causes various types of allergies in humans, and the extent of allergic infection is related to the presence of different types of sporo–pollen and existing meteorological conditions in a certain area. Therefore, an aeropalynological study of 72 airborne samples with a hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment was conducted in the Haizhu district of Guangzhou, China, in 2016, to identify the temporal variations in airborne sporo–pollen and the relationship between airborne sporo–pollen concentrations and different meteorological variables in Guangzhou, China. Forty-five types of airborne pollen, seven types of airborne spores, and some undetermined sporo–pollen taxa were identified with two separate plant habitats occurring during this period (from January to December 2016): arboreal pollen (tree-based) and non-arboreal pollen (herb, shrub, aquatic, liane, etc.). Furthermore, the daily records of four key meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed) were acquired to distinguish the pollen seasons and correlated with Spearman's rho test to establish a pollen-weather data book with the seasonal variations. The two leading seasons were identified based on pollen abundance: spring and autumn. Among them, the primary dominant sporo–pollen families during the spring season were Poaceae, Pinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Microlepia sp., and Polypodiaceae. Conversely, Artemisia sp., Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Alnus sp., Corylus sp., Myrtaceae, and Rosaceae were the dominant pollen species during autumn. However, few pollen grains were identified in January, May–July, and December. The statistical analysis revealed that temperature had both positive and negative correlations with sporo–pollen concentrations. However, precipitation and relative humidity had a strong impact on the sporo–pollen dispersion and exhibited a negative correlation with the sporo–pollen concentrations. The wind speed had a positive but strong correlation with the sporo–pollen concentration during the study period. Some inconsistent results were found due to environmental variations, vegetation type, and climate change around the study area. This study will facilitate the identification of pollen seasons to prevent the occurrence of pollen-related allergies in the Guangzhou city area.

Research on Red-Bed Soft Rock Engineering Properties and Foundation Appraisement of Construction Engineering in Guangzhou

Based on the methods of geological drilling, literature research, induction and statistics, the site investigation of an old industrial park reconstruction project in Haizhu District of Guangzhou city was completed. The landform, formation lithology, structure and hydrogeological characteristics were systematically identified. Combined with indoor test and in-situ test, the variation rules of physical and mechanical parameters of argillaceous siltstone with different weathering degrees in the site were analyzed, and the evaluation results were given. The engineering suitability and the foundation stability are evaluated. The results showed that the weathering of soft rock makes the statistical standard values of compression coefficient, compression modulus, direct fast shear cohesion and internal friction angle of rock and soil decrease. Under the saturated state, the average value of strongly weathered argillaceous siltstone is 1.51 MPa, and that of moderately weathered argillaceous siltstone is 6.2 MPa. The strength of soft rock is low after softening with water, and the differential weathering of rock mass is strong. There are great differences in rock strength, local differences between fully and strongly weathered rock surfaces, and great changes in thickness. The weathering is extremely heterogeneous, in which the influence of structure, lithology, fissures and groundwater played a key role. The foundation is generally in a stable state, and the site is suitable for the construction of the project. The research results can provide reference for similar geotechnical engineering investigation and design.

Epidemic characteristics and dynamic changes of spatio-temporal distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guangzhou, 2010-2019

Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2019 and provide a basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of HFRS was from National Disease Reporting Information System and the epidemic investigation. A descriptive analysis was used. OpenGeoDa 1.2.0 software was used for global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. SatScan 9.6 software was used for detecting the hot spot area in time and space. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used for map visualization. Results: 1 298 cases of HFRS were reported, and three patients died in Guangzhou in 2010-2019. The annual incidence rate was 0.99/100 000. The proportion of 21-50 years old cases accounted for 70.88% and the male to female ratio was 2.98∶1. Most patients were house workers or unemployed, accounting for 31.28%, followed by business servants (accounting for 17.33%). The incidence peak in spring and winter accounted for 33.74% and 26.35% of the year. All districts reported cases in recent ten years. A total of 407 cases had been reported in Haizhu district, accounting for 31.36% of the total number of cases in the whole city. The annual incidence rate was 2.52/100 000. The number of reported cases and the annual incidence rate were the highest in Guangzhou. The clustered area showed that there was spatio-temporal clustering in Guangzhou. The aggregation area was mainly concentrated in the urban villages adjacent to Wan-mu orchard and the Haizhu Lake Wetland Park in Haizhu district (logarithmic likelihood ratio was 44.08, P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence and concentration of HFRS in winter and spring Guangzhou city from 2010 to 2019, showed a high incidence. Young and middle-aged men engaged in domestic and unemployed, and commercial services appeared the main risk groups. The urban-rural junction with many immigrants and low health environment, streets adjacent to Wan-mu orchard, and the Haizhu Lake Wetland Park in Haizhu district were the important regions for preventing and controlling HFRS. The government should formulate prevention and control measures to curb the rise and spread of the HFRS epidemic.

Impact of the ‘13th Five-Year Plan’ Policy on Air Quality in Pearl River Delta, China: A Case Study of Haizhu District in Guangzhou City Using WRF-Chem

Due to increasingly stringent control policy, air quality has generally improved in major cities in China during the past decade. However, the standards of national regulation and the World Health Organization are yet to be fulfilled in certain areas (in some urban districts among the cities) and/or certain periods (during pollution episode event). A further control policy, hence, has been issued in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020, hereafter 13th FYP). It will be of interest to evaluate the air quality before the 13th FYP (2015) and to estimate the potential air quality by the end of the 13th FYP (2020) with a focus on the area of an urban district and the periods of severe pollution episodes. Based on observation data of major air pollutants, including SO2 (sulphur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 μm), PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 µm) and O3 (Ozone), the air quality of Haizhu district [an urban district in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China] in 2015 suggested that typical heavy pollution occurred in winter and the hot season, with NO2 or PM2.5 as the key pollutants in winter and O3 as the key pollutant in the hot season. We also adopted a state-of-the-art chemical transport model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), to predict the air quality in Haizhu District 2020 under different scenarios. The simulation results suggested that among the emission control scenarios, comprehensive measures taken in the whole of Guangzhou city would improve air quality more significantly than measures taken just in Haizhu, under all conditions. In the urban district, vehicle emission control would account more than half of the influence of all source emission control on air quality. Based on our simulation, by the end of the 13th FYP, it is noticeable that O3 pollution would increase, which indicates that the control ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) may be unsuitable and therefore should be adjusted. Our study highlights the significance of evaluating the efficacy of current policy in reducing the air pollutants and recommends possible directions for further air pollution control for urban areas during the 13th FYP.

Integrating multiple data to identify building functions in China’s urban villages

China’s urban villages have distinct characteristics compared with the ones in western countries. Identifying urban villages provides a basis for policymakers to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of urban planning in China and other developing countries. However, perhaps due to limitations of data acquisition among others, few urban studies have successfully identified urban villages at the building level. To fill the research gap, this paper has fused multiple sources of data and utilized a three-stage model to identify urban villages in Haizhu District (Guangzhou, China). The first stage discriminates residential buildings, offices, shops, and restaurants based on various peak times of bike trajectories in different types of buildings. However, the first stage could not distinguish the regular residential buildings (in cities) and residential buildings within urban villages due to the similarity of human activities between them. It then utilized a second stage to identify residential buildings within urban villages based on the area, height, and density of buildings. In the third stage, we used correction rules to identify buildings with mixed-use and single-use buildings within urban villages. The results showed that urban villages were mainly concentrated in the western and central regions of the Haizhu District. Most of them were adjacent to shopping buildings or high-rise residential buildings. Building height and density played critical roles in the characterization of residential buildings in urban villages. Our accuracy rate was around 85% when verified against ground-truth data.

The Use of Community Greenways: A Case Study on A Linear Greenway Space in High Dense Residential Areas, Guangzhou

The community greenway is a kind of greenway that goes through high-density residential areas in the city and is closely related to residents’ life. However, few scholars focus on how this type of greenways serves the everyday life of the community as an integrated resource. This aspect is important because the everyday life in the public space involves multiple activities. How to coordinate and satisfy these activities relates to the benefits of community greenways. Therefore, this paper takes a representative community greenway in Haizhu District of Guangzhou as an example, to study whether community greenways match the needs of necessary activities, optional activities and social activities. The usage patterns, the evaluation of the current status, the impact on everyday activities, and the importance of different construction factors were surveyed. The applied methods include site observation, questionnaires and interviews. The results show that more than 90% of users are from communities within 1 mile from the community greenway. More than half of the users (55%) are satisfied with the community greenways. Furthermore, the community greenways benefit the everyday activities of residents, such as transportation, recreation, social interaction and also other minor but important everyday activities. However, from the perspective of residents’ requirements for construction factors, the status of service facilities needs to be improved. The characteristics, overall benefits, and construction implications of community greenways are therefore discussed. Community greenways can be important open space for residents and this paper is significant on community greenways meeting the needs of residents’ everyday activities, thus, to provide a better community living environment and to build a better urban open space system.

Exploring the Quality of Urban Green Spaces Based on Urban Neighborhood Green Index—A Case Study of Guangzhou City

Urban green space (UGS), as a form of green infrastructure, has been given increasing attention in urban planning and its policies. The quality of a UGS is fundamental for the sustainable development of the urban economy, society, environment, and quality of human life, although UGS is unevenly distributed within cities. Aiming to analyze the quality of UGS at the scale of Jiedaos in China, this paper took Haizhu district in Guangzhou as a case study based on collected data from 2010 and aerial imagery from 2012. The Urban Neighborhood Green Index (UNGI) was established by combining four weighted parameters: the green index (P1), the density of buildings (P2), proximity to green areas (P3) and building height (P4). Results from comparing with green index show that (1) the UNGI performed better for UGS planning due to its ability of uncovering impact of the built environment and its accessibility on quality of UGS; (2) the UGS has significant effects on neighbors, which underlies social inequity of UGS supply and presents rich information for urban planning and decision making; (3) a small green field attaching to a community plays a key role in fulfilling the need of neighbors for green space, fitness, and leisure in China, which is usually ignored due to the ownership of private property. It suggests recognizing UGS and improving its quality in old towns as well as improving urban villages characterized by poor quality of green space with green infrastructures. The UNGI can inform city planners regarding their consideration of UGS, and it can contribute to measurements of sustainability and the development of green infrastructure.

Green infrastructure provision for environmental justice: Application of the equity index in Guangzhou, China

Following decades of debate, there is a growing consensus that environmental justice is an important value that should be pursued in green infrastructure (GI) provision, though there is a limited understanding of the precise ways by which to measure and respond to environmental justice needs. By developing a GI Equity Index that has been adjusted to reflect the local situation in Haizhu District in Guangzhou, this research examines environmental justice problems in respect to the provision of GI and proposes an amendment to the future GI plan. The integrated equity index map provides a comprehensive picture of the urgency of GI provision: Communities with the highest 20% equity index value are concentrated in the central part of Haizhu, which is a combination of an old city and villages. These areas are also where most of the urban waterlogging points are situated, and the loss would thus be greater. Unfortunately, these areas have been ignored by the Sponge City Plan of Guangzhou (2016–2030). This has led to a proposal in this research to adjust the GI plan: Additional green amenities should be provided in neighbourhoods with high GI equity index values. Such amenities could include small parks and playgrounds in densely developed central cities, or the replacement of impervious surfaces with permeable surfaces, etc.

Identifying Building Functions from the Spatiotemporal Population Density and the Interactions of People among Buildings

Buildings are fundamental components of cities. Understanding the function of buildings is therefore of great importance for urban development and management. Some studies have identified building functions using spatiotemporal data, which assumes that buildings with the same function have similar temporal activity patterns. However, these methods present difficulties in coping with the situation when buildings with the same function have heterogeneous activity patterns. To solve this problem, this research proposes a new method to identify building functions from the perspective of the spatial distribution and spatial interactions of human activities. First, taxi data were used to acquire the spatiotemporal interaction characteristics among buildings with different functions. Then, the spatiotemporal population density distribution was adopted to depict the building vitality. Finally, an iterative clustering method was introduced to identify the building functions. The proposed scheme was applied in the Haizhu district of Guangzhou and compared with the traditional method. The results prove that the spatial interaction characteristics are more helpful than the temporal variation characteristics and therefore can be used to improve the accuracy of building function identification. A higher accuracy for identifying building functions can be realized by combining the spatiotemporal interactions and building vitality characteristics. The overall accuracy reaches 0.8566, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8174, which are both better than the results of using a single characteristic only.

ESTIMATION OF BVOC EMISSIONS IN GUANGZHOU AND ITS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM GLOBEIS

Abstract. Biogenic VOC emissions greatly exceed anthropogenic emissions and are regarded as significant precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone. Using the Global Biosphere Emission and Interactions System (GloBEIS) model, 1 × 1 km gridded and hourly BVOC emissions in Guangzhou were estimated for the year of 2012. This study used satellite-retrieved land cover data, cloud product and leaf area index (LAI), observed meteorological data and local emission rates for land cover types in South China. The result show that the total BVOC emission in Guangzhou, 2012 was 4.39 kt and the average area emission was 5.93 t/(km2⋅a), of which isoprene contributed about 55.7% (2.44 kt)), monoterpenes about 11.9% (0.52 kt) and OVOC about 32.4% (1.42 kt). Emission factors of land cover types and correction parameters including LAI, wind speed and relative humidity have great effects on the estimation results of the model. BVOC emissions in Guangzhou exhibit a marked monthly and seasonal pattern with the peak emission in July to August and the lowest emission in January and are mainly distributed in the east-western of Conghua, the north of Zengcheng and the border of Huadu and Conghua, mostly covered by evergreen broadleaf forest with high emission factor, while areas of BVOC emission below 50 kg/(km2⋅a) are distributed in highly urbanized areas like Tianhe, Yuexiu, Liwan and Haizhu district.

On the Public Affairs Openness in Chinese Local Government: A Case Study in Guangzhou

With the development of civilization, more and more citizens began to engage in public affairs, and it greatly pushed the government to pay much attention to building a transparency government. In light of this background, the public affairs openness becomes a hot topic not only on the theoretical research level but also in the government’s practical sphere. In 2015, we held a cooperative research program with Haizhu District government in Guangzhou, which mainly focuses on the public affairs openness in Chinese local government. Then, we describe a case study on the Haizhu District government. Based on the first stage investigation, we found that the Haizhu District government’s public affairs openness can be improved, or is just in the very beginning. Public affairs openness demands should be led by the citizen’s desire instead of the upper-level government. Hence, the Haizhu District government should transform the whole public affairs openness model from the bureaucracy guiding style to the citizen guiding way.

Analysis on the non-tuberculosis mycobacteria isolated from the cases with tuberculosis suspicious symptoms domiciling in Yuexiu and Haizhu District of Guangzhou from 2012 to 2016

Objective To understand the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in old urban areas of Guangzhou. Methods The information of NTM isolated from the cases with tuberculosis suspicious symptoms domiciling in Yuexiu and Haizhu District of Guangzhou from 2012 to 2016, based on the data of the mycobacteria cultured from laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute of Yuexiu District in Guangzhou, was collected and analyzed according to year, gender, age-group (≤44, 45-65, and ≥65 years old), and seasons retrospectively. And the difference between groups was compared by χ2 test. Results (1) 1 689 strains of NTM were isolated from 40 418 samples, and the rate was 4.18%. The isolated rates from 2012 to 2016 were 4.05%, 4.58%, 3.24%, 4.67%, and 4.28% respectively, and that in 2014 was significantly lower compared with other years. There was statistically significantly difference in the isolated rate between male and female (3.64% vs.5.18%; P=0.000). The isolated rates of three age-groups were 2.85%, 5.16%, and 7.37% respectively, with statistically significantly differences between age groups (P=0.000). The isolated rates from spring to winter were 3.39%, 4.72%, 4.66%, and 4.00% respectively, with statistically significantly differences of the pairwise comparisons except for summer vs.autumn (all P<0.05). (2) In 716 identified NTM strains, the top 5 species were M.chelonae-abscessus (304 strains), M.avium complex (172 strains), M.kansasii (99 strains), M.gordonae (74 strains), and M.fortuitum (51 strains) respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of NTM in old urban districts in Guangzhou are led by M.chelonae-abscessus, M.avium complex, M.kansasii, M.gordonae, and M.fortuitum, which is mainly affected by gender, age, and season. Key words: Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria; Epidemic characteristics; Mycobacterial culture; Guangzhou