Hairy Areas Research Articles

Pin-Shaped Ag/AgCl Fabric Electrode Coated With Hydrogel for EEG Recording in Hairy Areas

Pin-Shaped Ag/AgCl Fabric Electrode Coated With Hydrogel for EEG Recording in Hairy Areas

Tinea Korporis Et Cruris

Dermatophytes are a group of fungi that have the ability to attach to keratin and use it as a source of nutrition which allows the fungus to colonize tissues that contain keratin, such as the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair and nails. This disease can attack all ages (1). Tinea corporis and cruris are dermatophytes that infect the skin and are caused by Trichophyton sp, Microsporum sp, and Epidermophyton sp. Dermatophytes infecting skin containing keratin are classified based on body location, such as tinea corporis (skin other than hairy areas, body, hands, or feet) and tinea cruris (groin & perineal area) (2).

Résultats à long terme des greffes de peau plantaire versus greffes de peau des zones velues pour la couverture des pertes de substances cutanées de la face palmaire des doigts, de la paume de main et de la plante du pied chez les patients à peau noire. Étude de cohorte prospective de 123 greffes de peau totale

Despite the use of total skin grafting in the treatment of loss of skin substances on the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot, the data published in the literature on long-term results in black-skinned patients are non-existent. The present study, filling this gap, used data from a prospective cohort of 123 total skin grafts performed on 93 black African patients who benefited from plantar skin grafts versus skin grafts from hairy areas to cover loss of skin substances. of the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot. This study covers a period of 163 months. Sixty-four grafts of hairy areas were carried out in 52 patients, 29 of whom were male and 23 female, for a M/F sex ratio of 1.3; and 59 plantar skin grafts in 41 patients including 21 males and 20 females, M/F sex ratio of 1. The digital palmar surface was the most recipient of the plantar graft, i.e. 35.5% of cases. After a post-operative follow-up of at least 12 months, patients or their entourage judged the functional and aesthetic results of plantar skin grafts to be better and acceptable, unlike the results of hairy area grafts. The texture and color are even better if the total skin graft is taken from an identical histological area. In view of these results, we recommend a plantar skin graft for black-skinned patients to cover losses of skin substances on the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot, if indicated.

Vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia epithelial thickness in hairy and non-hairy sites: a single center experience from China.

A large-sample study focusing on VIN lesions of a more precise thickness is needed to help guide clinical treatment. This study aimed to investigate the depth of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and involved skin appendages to provide evidence for laser surgery. The study retrospectively enrolled and analyzed the clinical characteristics of VIN patients in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a university hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 30, 2021. The study further explored the thickness of epithelium and skin appendages of 285 women with low-grade VIN (VIN1) and 285 women with high-grade VIN (VIN2/3). The study included 1,139 (80%) VIN1 and 335 (20%) VIN2/3 cases. The VIN1 and VIN2/3 groups showed a significant difference in human papillomavirus infection (P<0.01) but not in cytology (P = 0.499). Most (89.90%, 1,325) cases occurred in one area of the vulva, whereas 10.11% were multifocal. VIN commonly occurred on the posterior fourchette (76.85%), labia majora (11.61%), and labia minora (9.92%). The VIN2/3 group reported a significantly higher positive rate for concurrent cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (160 of 285) than the VIN1 group (321 of 953) (P=0.000). The involved epithelial thicknesses in VIN2/3 and VIN1 were 0.69 ± 0.44 and 0.49 ± 0.23mm, respectively, both of which were greater than the corresponding noninvolved epithelial thickness (0.31 ± 0.19 and 0.32 ± 0.10mm, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In cases of appendage involvement, the VIN thickness was 1.98 ± 0.64mm. VIN thickness was generally ≤1 mm for the superficial lesions in non-hairy areas. However, for lesions extending onto hairy areas, the thickness was approximately 3mm, leading to the destruction of involved skin appendages.

Moluscum contagiosum on infundibular cyst. No more than a curiosity

The infundibular cyst is a skin lesion typically located on hairy areas that is extremely common. In fact, it is part of the daily routine of any pathology laboratory. Although both the dermatologist, the surgeon and the pathologist are sufficiently familiar with it and guide each case correctly, sometimes there are histological peculiarities that justify the histological study of the lesion. The coincidence of a molluscum contagiosum, a highly contagious entity in the context of an infundibular cyst, implies taking a series of precautions that would not be implemented based solely on clinical criteria.

A perspective on electroencephalography sensors for brain-computer interfaces

This Perspective offers a concise overview of the current, state-of-the-art, neural sensors for brain-machine interfaces, with particular attention towards brain-controlled robotics. We first describe current approaches, decoding models and associated choice of common paradigms, and their relation to the position and requirements of the neural sensors. While implanted intracortical sensors offer unparalleled spatial, temporal and frequency resolution, the risks related to surgery and post-surgery complications pose a significant barrier to deployment beyond severely disabled individuals. For less critical and larger scale applications, we emphasize the need to further develop dry scalp electroencephalography (EEG) sensors as non-invasive probes with high sensitivity, accuracy, comfort and robustness for prolonged and repeated use. In particular, as many of the employed paradigms require placing EEG sensors in hairy areas of the scalp, ensuring the aforementioned requirements becomes particularly challenging. Nevertheless, neural sensing technologies in this area are accelerating thanks to the advancement of miniaturised technologies and the engineering of novel biocompatible nanomaterials. The development of novel multifunctional nanomaterials is also expected to enable the integration of redundancy by probing the same type of information through different mechanisms for increased accuracy, as well as the integration of complementary and synergetic functions that could range from the monitoring of physiological states to incorporating optical imaging.

Clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of follicular unit transplantation vs. Mini-Punch grafting in the repigmentation of resistant and stable vitiligo: A comparative study.

Various surgical modalities and transplantation techniques had been evolved for the treatment of recalcitrant stable vitiligo. Each of these techniques has its own limitations and side effects. There are insufficient studies evaluating the efficacy of transplantation of hair follicle (HF) units as a surgical modality for vitiligo treatment in comparison with the classic mini-punch grafting. To compare the efficacy and safety of follicular unit transplantation (FUT) with mini-punch grafting (mPG) in cases of resistant and stable vitiligo. Twenty-five patients with stable vitiligo were included. Treated areas were classified into 2 groups: group I: Areas were treated with the FUT technique and group II: Areas were treated with mPG technique. Treated areas were exposed to narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for 6months. After 3months, follow-up patients' response was evaluated clinically and by dermoscopy. Both techniques showed efficacy in repigmentation of stable vitiligo. Group II showed a statistically significant higher percentage of repigmentation and significant earlier repigmentation than group I. Cobblestone-like appearance was the major complication in group II, while no serious side effect was reported in group I. Leukotrichia was present in 8 patients, and 6 of them showed hair repigmentation evidently in group I. Both techniques are effective, safe, and inexpensive methods of surgical repigmentation of stable localized/segmental vitiligo. mPG gives earlier and better percent of repigmentation, with higher incidence of cobblestoning. FUT is a good alternative for mPG, especially in hairy areas with better cosmetic outcome and minimal complications.

Electrosurgical epilation using acupuncture needles for unwanted white hairs after surgery

Transplantation of terminal hairs to a non–hair-bearing recipient area can occur when a full-thickness skin graft or flap is harvested from hairy areas. Traditionally, unwanted hairs are removed using intense pulsed light or lasers; however, the disadvantage of this is the high cost and low effectiveness on nonpigmented hair.

Contagious ecthyma: how serious is the disease worldwide?

Contagious ecthyma (CE) is an infectious disease of small ruminants caused by a parapoxvirus of family Poxviridae subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The disease is obviously distinguished by an establishment of scabby lesions and ulcerative formation on less hairy areas including muzzle, ears, nostril, and sometimes on genitalia. The disease is endemic in sheep and goats. The virus is transmissible to other ruminants and is a public health concern in humans. Although the disease is known as self-limiting, it may cause a significant economic threat and financial losses due to lower productivity in livestock production. Information with regard to the risk of the disease and epidemiology in most parts of the world is underreported. This paper aims to provide relevant information about the epidemiology of CE in selected regions of Europe, South America, North America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. An in-depth comprehension of virus infection, diagnoses, and management of the disease will enable farmers, researchers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, health personnel, and border controllers to improve their measures, skills, and effectiveness toward disease prevention and control, toward reducing unnecessary economic loss among farmers. A herd health program for significant improvement in management and productivity of livestock demands a well planned extension program that ought to encourage farmers to equip themselves with adequate skills for animal healthcare.

Superficial Cryotherapy, Does It Work In Alopecia Areata?

Abstract:Alopecia areata is a common cause of nonscarring alopecia, with patchy, confluent or diffuse patterns, involving mainly the scalp and other hairy areas of the body. It's considered a therapeutic challenge due to prognosis, unpredictable course and variable efficacy of available therapies. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of cryotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata with varying success rates.Superficial cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen mainly was used in several studies for treating alopecia areata with various subtypes including mild, moderate and recalcitrant alopecia areata, and alopecia totalis with variable rates of therapeutically accepted terminal hair regrowth. Its main mechanisms of efficacy in alopecia areata are vascular changes and immunomodulation. Superficial cryotherapy was effective and safe in treating alopecia areata of the eyebrows. It was nearly as effective as topical steroids and topical PUVA therapy, and was combined with topical immunotherapy and topical steroid with increased efficacy. It's well-tolerated, convenient and simple office-based procedure, especially in children who are susceptible to side effects of other conventional therapeutic options.The reported side effects of superficial cryotherapy included vesiculation, erosion, crust formation, transient pigmentary alteration and partial leukotrichia, however they were transient. Key words: alopecia, cryotherapy, liquid nitrogen

Novel exocrine glands in the foreleg coxae of Discothyrea ants

Workers, queens and males of all examined Discothyrea species of the ‘sauteri group’, that have laterally expanded frontal lobes and well-developed antennal scrobes, are characterized by two hairy areas on the outer surface of their procoxae. Histological and ultrastructural examination of Discothyrea sauterirevealed that each of these areas is associated with a novel exocrine gland: the proximal procoxal gland is formed by a cluster of 15 round secretory cells of 34 μm with numerous mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.Their ducts have a diameter of 0.5–1 μm.The distal procoxal gland contains 50 secretory cells of 22 μm with numerous vacuoles and lamellar inclusions, and narrow ducts with a diameter of only 0.15–0.2 μm.The differences in ultrastructural appearance and duct diameter indicate that both glands produce a different but probably pheromonal secretion. The function of these novel procoxal glands could not yet be determined, although observation of D.sauteri workers and queens shows that they make frequent and peculiar leg movements, in which the foreleg basitarsus rubs over the coxal hairy areas. The foreleg basitarsus then rubs the ipsilateral hindleg basitarsus and antenna. As a last step of the sequence, the hindleg basitarsus strokes the gaster.In addition to the occurrence of these novel procoxal glands, histological examination of D. sauteri also revealed the presence of yet another novel but smaller procoxal base gland. Ants of the ‘testacea group’, that have less developed frontal lobes and no antennal scrobes, do not have procoxal hairy areas, although a distinct sculpturation with small pores may occur in the corresponding areas. The related Proceratium japonicum, that has a similar lifestyle as Discothyrea, does not have any of the procoxal glands and does not display the peculiar leg movements as reported for D. sauteri.

Capturing Human Perceptual and Cognitive Activities via Event-Related Potentials Measured with Candle-Like Dry Microneedle Electrodes.

We demonstrate capture of event-related potentials (ERPs) using candle-like dry microneedle electrodes (CMEs). CMEs can record an electroencephalogram (EEG) even from hairy areas without any skin preparation, unlike conventional wet electrodes. In our previous research, we experimentally verified that CMEs can measure the spontaneous potential of EEG from the hairy occipital region without preparation with a signal-to-noise ratio as good as that of the conventional wet electrodes which require skin preparation. However, these results were based on frequency-based signals, which are relatively robust compared to noise contamination, and whether CMEs are sufficiently sensitive to capture finer signals remained unclear. Here, we first experimentally verified that CMEs can extract ERPs as good as conventional wet electrodes without preparation. In the auditory oddball tasks using pure tones, P300, which represent ERPs, was extracted with a signal-to-noise ratio as good as that of conventional wet electrodes. CMEs successfully captured perceptual activities. Then, we attempted to investigate cerebral cognitive activity using ERPs. In processing the vowel and prosody in auditory stimuli such as /itta/, /itte/, and /itta?/, laterality was observed that originated from the locations responsible for the process in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and magnetoencephalography experiments. We simultaneously measured ERPs with CMEs and NIRS in the oddball tasks using the three words. Laterality appeared in NIRS for six of 10 participants, although laterality was not clearly shown in the results, suggesting that EEGs have a limitation of poor spatial resolution. On the other hand, successful capturing of MMN and P300 using CMEs that do not require skin preparation may be readily applicable for real-time applications of human perceptual activities.

Foams as carrier systems for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Foams are becoming more and popular in several areas of our lives, including pharmaceutics and cosmetics. They are colloid systems where gas is dispersed in liquid phase Active ingredient bearing pharmaceutical foams are traditionally applied topically (dermal, local rectal, vaginal), but formulations for other delivery routes (e.g. nanosystems parenterally, solid foams orally) are also available. Numerous advantages are attached to foams when compared to traditional vehicles, resulting in increased patient compliance. Amongst others, the suitable composition contributes to quick, oily residue‑free and convenient application even on large or hairy areas, as well as to good drug transfer rate.&#x0D;

Fat grafting of hairy areas of head and neck - comparison between lipofilling and nanofat grafting procedures in a cadaveric study

AimFat grafting has well-recognized effects in terms of volume gain, skin trophicity, relieving of post-wound nevralgia. Recent publications suggest a regenerative action on hair follicles. The objective of our study was to compare lipofilling and nanofat grafting in hairy areas of head and neck so as to determine a convenient fat injection technique for those areas in the prospect of treating alopecia. Material and methodsOur study compared lipofilling and nanofat grafting, in a cadaveric study involving one body. ResultsLipofilling was found easy to perform in the face, avoiding classical pitfalls, but was more difficult in the scalp areas. Nanofat grafting seemed particularly convenient to inject into the scalp, especially in Merkel's space, and hairy areas that required high precision injections. ConclusionAfter having compared lipofilling and nanofat grafting in hairy areas of the head and neck, we propose a combination of lipofilling (in hairy areas where a durable gain of volume is acceptable, in case of burn or scar) and nanofat grafting (in all hairy areas and in Merkel's space in scalp areas). This technique may be used either as a complement of hair follicle grafting or as a regenerative treatment of alopecia.

Cytohistopathological appraisal of unusual locations of epidermoid inclusion cysts

Background: Epidermoid inclusion cysts are common benign lesions of the pilosebaceous origin that encountered anywhere in the body. Most common sites are hairy and non hairy areas mainly scalp, back, neck and trunk. Objective of present study was to highlight and document the cytohistomorphological features of epidermoid inclusion cysts (EIC) at unusual locations of the body in our tertiary care center.Methods: The present study is retrospective, cross sectional study done on cytohistopathological specimen over a period of 30 months from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 82 cases of EIC were included in the study. All the sites were included in the study that is usual as well as unusual. Sebaceous and dermoid cysts were excluded from the study. Unusual sites of EIC were collected, tabulated and compared with existing literature.Results: The most common affected site of EIC in our study was head, neck and face (42.7%) followed by extremities and axilla (29%), back (11%) and chest/abdomen (8.6%). Peak incidence of EIC was found in 31 to 40 years (34.1%) with male preponderance (1.5:1). The unusual sites encountered were oral cavity and tonsil in head neck region, sole in the extremities, breasts and testis.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of FNAC in early diagnosis and histopathology for confirmation and treatment purposes in epidermoid inclusion cysts. It provides prompt response to avoid cosmetic and functional disabilities in unusual locations of common lesions like EIC because the differentials may from inflammatory to malignant ones.

Study on Clinical and Histopathological Changes of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is a common, unpredictable, nonscarring form of hair loss. It is characterized by rapid and complete loss of hair in one or more round or oval patches, usually on the scalp, bearded area, eyebrows, eyelashes and less commonly on other hairy areas of the body. The present study was undertaken in the department of Dermatology and Venereology of Ibn Sina Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015 to observe the histopathological changes in different stages of alopecia areata. For this purpose 30 patients with age ranged from 18 to 45 years were enrolled. Of them 17 were males and 13 were females. A 4 mm punch biopsy from the involved scalp taken from each patient and histopatological changes were examined. The study revealed that anagen hairs decreased but catagen and telogen hair increased in all stages of alopecia areata. Telogen hairs increased in acute and chronic stage and catagen hair increased markedly in subacute stage. Although miniaturized (atrophic) follicle was frequently found in chronic stage. It was absent in acute and subacute stages. Moderate to dense peribulbar infiltration of lymphocytes were observed in acute stage and mild to moderate infiltration in subacute stage. In chronic stage either no or mild infiltrations were observed. Peribulbar infiltration of eosinophils and macrophages was seen in all stages of alopecia areata. Thus we can conclude that alopecia areata can be diagnosed with some confidence, even when inflammatory infiltrate is absent, based on increasing numbers of telogen hairs in the acute and subacute stages and increasing miniaturized hairs in chronic stage.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(1): 30-33

Establishment of the Diagnosis of Follicular Occlusion Tetrad

Background: Follicular occlusion tetrad (FOT) is a clinical syndrome consisting of suppurative hidradenitis, acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pilonidal sinus. FOT is a rare case that is mostly found in severe conditions resulting in resistance to therapy. Diagnostic accuracy and therapy for all components of FOT is extremely important. Case: A 43-year old male presented with small, painful blisters and bumps filled with pus that had been ongoing for five years. We found pustules and erythematous nodules and multiple abscess with atrophic scars on the scalp, anterior and posterior trunks, abdomen, groin and gluteal regions on the facial region, we found multiple atrophic scars. The pus culture showed the presence of Escherichia coli, and fistulography examination revealed multiple cutaneous fistules and enterocutaneous sinus. The histopathological examination indicated rupture of hair follicles, follicular plugs, and infiltration of heavy-mixed infiltrate cells. Discussion: The FOT diagnosis was established through medical history recording, physical and histopathological examinations, and fistulography. Upon medical history recording and physical examination, we found pustules and nodules in several hairy areas. The fistulographic examination showed some fistules and sinus tracts, and the histopathological examination showed adnexal tissue damage caused by occlusion of hair follicles and inflammation due to accumulation of keratin and debris. All these findings led to the FOT diagnosis.

Knotted bandage for wounds located in hairy areas

Knotted bandage for wounds located in hairy areas

Intraoral paratrichosis after autograft

Abstract Background Radial graft is one of the optimal treatments for reconstruction after tongue cancer, but it is not free of side effects. Hypertrichosis over the graft, causing an intraoral paratrichosis, might downgrade the quality of life and even require further interventions. Clinical case The case is presented of a 58 year-old man, who developed hypertrichosis after surgery for tongue carcinoma. Discussion The therapeutic options, from choosing a graft from less hairy areas to laser depilation or de-epithelisation of the graft are discussed. Conclusions Intraoral paratrichosis is a serious complication that can produce dysphagia, nauseas, and vomiting, and can evolve into mal nutrition and produce an important decrease in life quality of patients.

Hair follicles and their potential in wound healing.

Hair follicles and their potential in wound healing.