Hair Color Changes Research Articles

Nearly complete hair re-pigmentation in an older patient treated with hydroxyurea for essential thrombocytosis

Introduction Employed in the treatment of malignancies and non-neoplastic conditions, hydroxyurea is associated with integumentary adverse effects, including skin discoloration, xerosis, pruritus, cutaneous atrophy, chronic leg ulcers, oral ulcerations, alopecia, and some nail abnormalities. Case Report A 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with essential thrombocytosis and started on low dose hydroxyurea. After 20 weeks of treatment, she experienced an unexpected change in hair color from gray to dark brown, without using hair dye or supplements. She later developed bilateral dorsal hand melanoderma, melanonychia, and onychodystrophy. Management and outcome It was decided to monitor the patient with no action taken as she was happy with this side effect of hydroxyurea. The platelet count has remained in excellent control. The dark brown hair color persisted over time. Discussion/Conclusion Hair hyperpigmentation likely occurred through melanocyte activation via hydroxyurea. Severe side effects may require dosage adjustments, while milder effects can be monitored closely. The newly observed hair color restoration in this case highlights potential dual (therapeutic and aesthetic) applications of this class of agents.

WHEN HAIR TALKS: HOW HAIRSTYLES INFLUENCE THE PERSONALITY OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE K-DRAMA ADAPTATION OF THE WEBTOON PERFECT MARRIAGE REVENGE

Hair plays a crucial role in a woman's identity, serving both aesthetic and expressive purposes, and often reflecting personality traits (Cunningham et al., 1997). This study explores the changes of stereotypes associated with hair types and colors in the Korean drama adaptation entitled Perfect Marriage Revenge from a Webtoon series. Using Hutcheon's (2013) adaptation theory and Cunningham et al.'s (1997) insights on hair and personality, The research examines how haircolors in the drama adaptation differs from the original Webtoon series and how it affects the character’ss personality. Cunningham et al. (1997) suggested that hair colors influences characteristics: blonde hair is seen as feminine, attractive, and emotional, while brunette hair is linked to intelligence and structure. This qualitative study analyzes visual and textual data from both the Webtoon and K-Drama, employing a comparative method to identify differences in hairstyles and character portrayals. Findings reveal that Han Yi Joo's character undergoes a transformation influenced by changes in hair color in both the original and adapted works. The changes also happen in the personality of the same character, which means that the adaptation version takes in to account both hair color and its stereotype.

Investigation of the Perception of Facial Image Changes according to Skin Tone and Hair Color among Female College Students in Their 20s

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether facial images can be perceived differently by changing skin tone and hair color among female college students in their 20s, and to provide objective data for selecting hair color suitable for skin tone.Methods: Surveys were conducted for female college students in their 20s to evaluate images regarding general characteristics and stimuli that altered skin tone and hair color. SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used to analyze the collected data, and frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were performed.Results: Following the analysis of the change of facial images according to hair color by skin tone, it was found that the lighter the skin tone, various facial images were formed according to the brightness of the skin tone. However, the darker the skin tone, the more it is focused on the skin tone itself rather than the change in hair color. Regarding the change in facial images based on skin tone based on hair color, it was observed that dark matogany hair color formed various facial images depending on the skin tone, while other hair colors formed similar patterns of images regardless of skin tone.Conclusion: The study analyzed the perception of facial image changes according to skin tone and hair color to provide objective data for selecting the right hair color for skin tone.

Antioxidant Properties of Platycladus orientalis Flavonoids for Treating UV-Induced Damage in Androgenetic Alopecia Hair.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) causes thinning hair, but poor hair quality in balding areas and damage from UV radiation have been overlooked. Plant extracts like Platycladus orientalis flavonoids (POFs) may improve hair quality in AGA. This study examines POFs' effectiveness in treating AGA-affected hair and repairing UV-induced damage. Hair samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine surface characteristics, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to measure free radicals in the hair, and spectrophotometry to assess changes in hair properties. POFs effectively removed hydroxyl radicals from keratinocytes and had antioxidant properties. They also reduced UV-induced damage to AGA hair by mitigating the production of melanin free radicals. Following POF treatment, the reduction in peroxidized lipid loss in AGA hair was notable at 59.72%, thereby effectively delaying the progression of hair color change. Moreover, protein loss decreased by 191.1 μ/g and tryptophan loss by 15.03%, ultimately enhancing hair's tensile strength. compared to healthy hair, hair damaged by AGA shows more pronounced signs of damage when exposed to UV radiation. POFs help protect balding hair by reducing oxidative damage and slowing down melanin degradation.

Hair depigmentation in a patient treated with pazopanib: A case report and a comprehensive analysis

Pazopanib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of various solid tumor malignancies. Hair color change, particularly hair depigmentation, is a common side effect of pazopanib therapy. However, it usually develops gradually over a span of few months. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of hair depigmentation in patients treated with pazopanib, focusing on the various aspects of this phenomenon, including its onset, possible causes, and potential implications for therapy success. Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MKIs) including pazopanib are recommended for various malignancies. Hair color changes are known side effects of MKIs. The exact mechanisms behind hair depigmentation due to pazopanib therapy are not yet fully understood. However, researchers believe that several factors may contribute to this phenomenon. We presented a case of a patient with relapse Ewings sarcoma who experienced rapid hair depigmentation during pazopanib therapy.

Effects of Hair Dying by Used-up Coffee Grounds Extract (CGE)

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of hair dyeing employing used-up coffee grounds extract (CGE).Methods: The total polyphenol concentration of CGE was analyzed using the Folin─Ciocalteu’s method, and a shampoo formulation was prepared by adding different CGE concentrations. The hair dyeing effectiveness was observed according to changes in these two variables: dyeing concentration and dyeing time. To investigate the dyeing effects, L<sup>*</sup> (Lightness), a<sup>*</sup> (Red─Green), and b<sup>*</sup> (Yellow─Blue) values were measured using a colorimeter. The optical density value was measured to examine the hair’s fading degree after bleaching.Results: The total polyphenol concentration in CGE was 122─133 mg GAE/g. The samples showed significant dyeing effects before and after application in terms of L<sup>*</sup>, a<sup>*</sup>, and b<sup>*</sup> values. Hair dyeing ability increased with both amplified CGE concentration and dyeing time. Regarding the bleaching process, no decrease in hair colour intensity or change in hair’s fading degree was observed for 21 days.Conclusion: The possibility of dyeing using CGE has been demonstrated, and further commercialization as a shampoo formulation is considered possible.

The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial

BRAF genomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial investigated the efficacy of the oral, selective, central nervous system–penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib (420 mg m−2 once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients with BRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. Arm 2 (n = 60) is an extension cohort, which provided treatment access for patients with RAF-altered pLGG after arm 1 closure. Based on independent review, according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology High-Grade Glioma (RANO-HGG) criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) of 67% met the arm 1 prespecified primary endpoint; median duration of response (DOR) was 16.6 months; and median time to response (TTR) was 3.0 months (secondary endpoints). Other select arm 1 secondary endpoints included ORR, DOR and TTR as assessed by Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Low-Grade Glioma (RAPNO) criteria and safety (assessed in all treated patients and the primary endpoint for arm 2, n = 137). The ORR according to RAPNO criteria (including minor responses) was 51%; median DOR was 13.8 months; and median TTR was 5.3 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were hair color changes (76%), elevated creatine phosphokinase (56%) and anemia (49%). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 42% of patients. Nine (7%) patients had TRAEs leading to discontinuation of tovorafenib. These data indicate that tovorafenib could be an effective therapy for BRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04775485.

CTNI-37. CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF RAF INHIBITOR TOVORAFENIB ACCORDING TO PRIOR MAPK INHIBITOR TREATMENT IN THE REGISTRATIONAL PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA ARM OF THE PHASE 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) STUDY

Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is the most common childhood brain tumor. Genomic alterations of RAF are common oncogenic drivers in pLGG. Tovorafenib is an investigational, selective, CNS-penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor. METHODS FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485) is a phase 2 study evaluating tovorafenib monotherapy. Registrational arm 1 enrolled patients aged 6 months–25 years of age with recurrent or progressive LGG harboring an activating BRAF alteration. Tovorafenib 420 mg/m2 (600 mg max) was administered weekly (tablet or liquid suspension). Independently assessed overall response rate (ORR), as defined by RANO-HGG and RANO-LGG criteria, are primary and exploratory endpoints. RESULTS As of December 22 2022, 69 (RANO-HGG) and 76 (RANO-LGG) of 77 patients in arm 1 were evaluable at baseline and had ≥9 months of follow-up. Median age at enrollment was 8 years (range 2–21), and 60% (n = 46) patients had received prior MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) therapy. Among the evaluable patients, the ORR was 62% (RANO-HGG, n = 69) and 45% (RANO-LGG, n = 76), respectively. The ORR in patients previously treated with MAPKis (n = 41 [RANO-HGG]; n = 45 [RANO-LGG]) was 68% (4 CRs; 24 PRs) (RANO-HGG) and 44% (5 PRs; 15 MRs) (RANO-LGG). In MAPKi-naïve patients (28 [RANO-HGG]; 31 [RANO-LGG]), the ORR was 54% (15 PRs) (RANO-HGG) and 45% (7 PRs; 7 MRs) (RANO-LGG). Among 136 patients in arms 1 and 2 of FIREFLY-1, the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were hair color changes (71%), fatigue (40%) and maculopapular rash (38%). Tovorafenib dose modifications occurred in 39 (29%) and discontinuations in 4 (3%) patients due to TRAEs. CONCLUSIONS Tovorafenib provided clinically meaningful tumor responses, including those with a best response reported of SD or PD using another MAPKi, in patients with BRAF-altered pLGG regardless of prior MAPKi therapy, and has a manageable safety profile.

CTNI-24. CLINICAL ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF THE RAF INHIBITOR TOVORAFENIB IN PATIENTS WITH OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMAS IN THE REGISTRATIONAL PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA ARM OF THE PHASE 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) STUDY

Abstract BACKGROUND Optic pathway gliomas (OPG) are low-grade gliomas (LGG) comprising 3-5% of pediatric brain tumors. Morbidity may include visual loss (acuity and visual fields), hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction, and/or impaired motor function. Genomic alterations of MAPK/BRAF are frequent oncogenic drivers in pediatric LGG. Activity of tovorafenib, an investigational, oral, selective, CNS-penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor in OPGs was analyzed. METHODS FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485) is a phase 2 study evaluating tovorafenib (420 mg/m2 weekly) in patients 6 months–25 years with BRAF-altered recurrent/progressive LGG or solid tumors. Independently assessed overall response rate (ORR), as defined by RANO-HGG and RANO-LGG criteria, are primary and exploratory endpoints. RESULTS Of the 77 patients enrolled in arm 1 (measurable disease per RANO-HGG), 42 (55%) had tumors located in the optic pathway. Median age at enrollment was 8 years (range: 2–16); 37 (88%) harbored a BRAF fusion and 5 (12%) a BRAF V600E mutation. The median prior lines of systemic therapy was 3 (range: 1–9), with 69% having received prior MAPK inhibitors. Of the 39 evaluable patients (RANO-HGG), the ORR was 59% (1 CR, 22 PRs) with a median time to response (TTR) of 2.8 months; 14 (36%) had stable disease (SD). Per RANO-LGG (n = 42), the ORR was 43% (5 PRs; 13 MRs) with a median TTR of 4.1 months; 20 (48%) had SD. Visual acuity remained stable in 79% (23) of patients (Cycle 9, n = 29 assessed). The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade in this subgroup were hair color changes (81%), increased creatine phosphokinase (55%), anemia (48%), maculopapular rash (45%), and fatigue (41%). Dose modifications occurred in 14 (33%) and discontinuations in 3 (7%) patients due to TRAEs. CONCLUSIONS Tovorafenib demonstrated antitumor activity in recurrent/progressive BRAF-altered OPG and was generally well tolerated. Visual acuity remained stable for the majority with OPGs.

An Overview of Trichobacteriosis (Trichomycosis): An Underdiagnosed Disease.

Trichobacteriosis (trichomycosis) is an asymptomatic infection at the axillary hair level caused by a bacterium of Corynebacterium spp. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of previously reported cases. A review was conducted including the cases of trichomycosis (trichobacteriosis) reported in the PubMed database up to June 2023. Twenty-nine articles were included, involving 365 patients in total. A higher incidence was observed in men, representing 94% of the cases, most of which were in the age range of 20-50 years. The most frequently affected clinical topography was the axillar (90% of the cases). Most of the patients presented change in hair texture and bromhidrosis, some other frequent clinical manifestations were hyperhidrosis, hair color change, and cromhidrosis; 6% of the patients were asymptomatic. The etiological agent most frequently identified was Corynebacterium spp., the flavescens variety being the most prevalent. The most common form of treatment was shaving and topical clindamycin. In conclusion, trichobacteriosis is an infection that most frequently affects men at the axillary level; it manifests clinically with few symptoms and usually has a good response to treatment.

LGG-09. CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF PAN-RAF INHIBITOR TOVORAFENIB IN THE REGISTRATIONAL PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA ARM OF THE PHASE 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) STUDY

Abstract Genomic alterations of BRAF are common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Tovorafenib is an investigational, oral, selective, brain-penetrant, small molecule, type II panRAF inhibitor. FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485) is a multicenter phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of tovorafenib monotherapy in patients with BRAF-altered cancers. Registrational arm 1 includes patients 6 months-25 years of age with recurrent or progressive LGG previously treated with ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy. Tovorafenib 420 mg/m2 (≤600 mg) is administered weekly, in 28-day cycles, (tablet or liquid suspension formulation) until progression. The primary endpoint of arm 1 is ORR, as defined by RANO criteria and determined by blinded independent review. As of September 28, 2022, arm 1 had enrolled 77 patients and is fully accrued. All patients had ≥6 months of follow-up. Median age at enrollment was 8 years (range 2-21). Patients had received a median of 3 prior lines of systemic therapy (range: 1-9); 60% had received prior MAPK pathway-targeted agents. The most common tumor site was optic pathway (51%). Sixty-four patients harbored a tumor BRAF fusion/rearrangement (83%) and 13 (17%) a V600E mutation. Median duration of tovorafenib treatment is 8.4 months (range 0.7-16.8); 59 patients (77%) remained on treatment at data cutoff. ORR in 69 RANO-evaluable patients was 64%, [3 CR, 41 PR (10 unconfirmed) and 19 SD] with a clinical benefit rate of 91%. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were hair color changes (75%), increased creatine phosphokinase (64%), anemia (46%), fatigue (42%) and maculopapular rash (42%). Two patients (3%) discontinued tovorafenib due to TRAEs. Updates from a longer follow-up on the 77 patients in arm 1 will be presented. Tovorafenib was generally well tolerated and showed encouraging evidence of antitumor activity in children and young adults with refractory BRAF-altered LGG.

Efficacy and safety profile of pimicotinib (ABSK021) in tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT): Phase 1b update.

11559 Background: TGCT is a rare type of locally aggressive neoplasm that is mainly caused by overexpression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene. Pimicotinib is an oral, highly potent, and selective small-molecule antagonist of CSF-1R with minimum inhibition of c-Kit and PDGFR, and has been granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for TGCT by FDA in Jan 2023. Here, we report the updates from 50 mg QD cohort as well as the preliminary data from 25 mg QD cohort in TGCT pts. Methods: The study (NCT04192344) is to evaluate the safety and preliminary antitumor activity of Pimicotinib at 50 mg QD and 25 mg QD in TGCT pts not amenable to surgical resection. Results: As of December 31, 2022, 49 TGCT pts were enrolled, including 37 pts treated with 50 mg QD and 12 pts with 25 mg QD. Median age was 39 y (range: 19-76) and 40.8% were male. The tumor location was mainly in knee (53.1%), hip (18.4%) or ankle (12.2%). Thirty-one pts received at least one prior surgery, and 1 pt received prior exploratory systemic therapy (Anlotinib). Median treatment duration was 7.9 mos (range: 0.4-12.5), and 89.8% remained on treatment. The ORR was 77.4% (24/31, including 2 CR) in 50 mg QD and 40% (4/10, including 1 CR) in 25 mg QD by IRC based on RECIST 1.1. Most responses were achieved within 25 wks and median DOR in both cohorts was not reached. Average improvement of flexion range of knee at wk 13 from baseline was 30.2 degrees (n = 13, range: 2, 105) in 50 mg QD and 4.8 degrees (n = 5, range: -12, 24) in 25 mg QD. Proportion of responders based on BPI-30 at wk 25 was 66.7% (16/24) in 50 mg QD and 60% (3/5) in 25 mg QD, along with a similar trend of stiffness. Most TEAEs were Gr 1 or 2. Four Gr 3/4 TEAEs were reported (2 drug-related), including 1 Gr 3 serious TEAE. Most common TEAEs (≥20%) include LDH increase (75.5%), CPK increase (67.3%), α-HBDH increase (63.3%), AST increase (42.9%), amylase increase (26.5%), ALT increase (24.5%), pruritus (20.4%) and rash (20.4%). No hair color changes or serious liver injuries were reported. CPK and transaminase elevations were asymptomatic, on-target and quickly recovered after drug interruptions. nder steady-state, 50 mg QD resulted in ~ 2-fold higher Cmax and Ctrough compared to 25 mg QD, in sync with findings from escalation phase. Significant PD changes were observed in both cohorts, such as increase in plasma CSF-1 levels, decrease in non-classical monocytes and C-terminal telopeptide(CTx). Changes from baselines in both CSF-1 and CTx showed a correlation with pimocetinib plasma concentrations. Conclusions: Pimicotinib has demonstrated a significant antitumor activity, favorable safety, and PK profiles at both 50 mg QD and 25 mg QD with no apparent hepatotoxicity. The changes in PD biomarkers indicate significant CSF-1R inhibition in TGCT pts. Updated data from 50 mg QD cohort showed higher ORR and continuous improvement over a longer treatment time, which supports the further evaluation of Pimicotinib in a phase 3 study. Clinical trial information: NCT04192344 .

Clinical activity of pan-RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in the registrational pediatric low-grade glioma arm of the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) study.

10004 Background: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common brain tumors of childhood. Genomic alterations of BRAF ( KIAA1549-BRAF fusions, 50–60% and BRAF V600E mutations, 5–15%) are the most frequent oncogenic drivers in pLGGs. Tovorafenib is an investigational, oral, selective, brain-penetrant, small molecule, type II pan-RAF inhibitor. Tovorafenib has demonstrated clinically meaningful responses in 24/35 patients (2 CR, 7 PR and 15 SD) in the pediatric phase 1B PNOC014 (NCT03429803) trial in patients with RAF-altered cancers (Wright, SNO 2022). Methods: FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485) is a multicenter phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of tovorafenib monotherapy in patients with BRAF-altered cancers. Registrational arm 1 of FIREFLY-1 includes patients 6 months–25 years of age with recurrent or progressive LGG previously treated with ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy. Tovorafenib 420 mg/m2 (not to exceed 600 mg) is administered weekly, in 28-day cycles, (tablet or liquid suspension formulation) until progression. The primary endpoint of arm 1 is ORR, as defined by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and determined by blinded independent review. Results: As of September 28, 2022, arm 1 had enrolled 77 patients and is fully accrued. All patients had ≥6 months of follow-up. Median age at enrollment was 8 years (range 2–21). Patients were pretreated with a median of 3 prior lines of systemic therapy (range: 1–9); 60% had received prior MAPK pathway-targeted agents. The most common tumor site was optic pathway (51%). Sixty-four patients harbored a BRAF fusion/rearrangement (83%) in their tumors, and 13 (17%) had a BRAF V600E mutation. Median duration of tovorafenib treatment is 8.4 months (range 0.7–16.8), with 59 patients (77%) remaining on treatment at the time of data cutoff. Per independent assessment in 69 RANO-evaluable patients, ORR was 64%, [3 CR, 41 PR (10 unconfirmed) and 19 SD] with a clinical benefit rate of 91%. Responses were achieved in tumors with BRAF fusions and V600E mutations, including those previously treated with MAPK inhibitors. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were hair color changes (75%), increased creatine phosphokinase (64%), anemia (46%), fatigue (42%) and maculopapular rash (42%). Tovorafenib dose modifications occurred in 16 (21%) and discontinuations in 2 (3%) patients due to TRAEs. Updates from a longer follow-up on the 77 patients in arm 1 will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Tovorafenib was generally well tolerated and showed encouraging evidence of antitumor activity in children and young adults with recurrent/progressive BRAF-altered pLGG. LOGGIC/FIREFLY-2 (NCT05566795), a global, phase 3 trial is evaluating once-weekly tovorafenib monotherapy in newly-diagnosed patients with pLGG harboring a known activating RAF alteration. Clinical trial information: NCT04775485 .

Correlation of Duplex Scan and Clinical Profile of Peripheral Vascular Diseases In Dmch

Background: Duplex ultrasound is a non-invasive evaluation of blood flow in the major arteries and veins. It provides a unique spectrum of details, including the anatomical location of the lesion, accompanied by further information about flow velocity and volume. Day by day, this investigation has become popular among physicians and surgeons to evaluate peripheral arterial disease. Objective: To determine duplex scans’ accuracy in diagnosing peripheral arterial disease and correlate it with clinical diagnosis. Materials & Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery in collaboration with the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, and Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2011. A total of 100 clinically diagnosed cases of peripheral arterial disease, irrespective of age and sex, were included in the study. However, emergency cases of peripheral arterial disease and patients of peripheral arterial disease with concomitant cerebrovascular disease or venous pathology or arterio-venous malformation were excluded from the study. Based on clinical signs and symptoms, a clinical diagnosis was made, correlated with the diagnosis made by duplex scan findings. Result: Peripheral arterial disease was mainly confined to the lower limb (85%). The right limb was involved in about two-thirds (64%) of the cases, the left limb in 31%, and both limbs in 5% of cases. More than 90% were a smoker. Pain and intermittent claudication were the universal complaints of the patients, followed by hair changes (85%), colour changes (86%) and wasting of the limb (65%). The most commonly involved arteries in the lower limb were arteria dorsalis pedis (96.6%), followed by the posterior tibial artery (84.2%), popliteal artery (60.6%), and femoral artery (21.3%). In the upper limb, the radial artery was involved in 100% of cases and the brachial artery in 86.7% of cases. Endarteritis obliterans and atherosclerosis were common clinical diagnoses (47% and 48%, respectively). Diagnosis based on duplex scan findings also demonstrated that endarteritis obliterans and atherosclerosis were common (40% and 39%, respectively), bearing consistency with clinical diagnosis. The strength of agreement between the two diagnoses was moderate (k = 0.743). Conclusion: The study concludes that there was a moderate agreement between Clinical diagnosis and duplex diagnosis, which indicates that a duplex scan can be a valuable tool to support clinical diagnosis, suggest other diagnoses, or detect other associated pathologies. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2022; 31(1) : 98-106

Pazopanib in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Randomized Phase III Trial.

Pazopanib is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Kit. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study evaluated efficacy and safety of pazopanib monotherapy in treatment-naive and cytokine-pretreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Adult patients with measurable, locally advanced, and/or metastatic RCC were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive oral pazopanib or placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival, tumor response rate (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), and safety. Radiographic assessments of tumors were independently reviewed. Of 435 patients enrolled, 233 were treatment naive (54%) and 202 were cytokine pretreated (46%). PFS was significantly prolonged with pazopanib compared with placebo in the overall study population (median, PFS 9.2 v 4.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.62; P < .0001), the treatment-naive subpopulation (median PFS 11.1 v 2.8 months; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.60; P < .0001), and the cytokine-pretreated subpopulation (median PFS, 7.4 v 4.2 months; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.84; P < .001). The objective response rate was 30% with pazopanib compared with 3% with placebo (P < .001). The median duration of response was longer than 1 year. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, hypertension, hair color changes, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting. There was no evidence of clinically important differences in quality of life for pazopanib versus placebo. Pazopanib demonstrated significant improvement in PFS and tumor response compared with placebo in treatment-naive and cytokine-pretreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic RCC.

The accumulation of organic contaminants in hair with different biological characteristics

Human hair has increasingly been used as a noninvasive biomonitoring matrix for assessment of human exposure to various organic contaminants (OCs). However, the accumulation processes of OCs in hair remains unclear thus far, which raised concerns on the reliability of hair analysis results for OCs. Herein, Chinese population was selected as the study subject, the effects of changes in hair biological characteristics, including length and color, on the accumulation of OCs in hair was investigated. With the growing of hair shaft and the increased distance from the scalp, a significant increasing trend was found for levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) along the hair shafts (p < 0.05). Source identification using Chemical Mass Balance model indicated that PCBs in hair were mainly from exogenous sources (air and dust). The accumulation rates of PCB and PFR individuals in the hair shaft decreased with increasing of log Kow values. Additionally, the levels of OCs in hair decreased with the change in color from black to white, probably because of the loss of melanin in white hair. The ratios (R) of Cblack/Cwhite were significantly correlated with the log Kow values for individual chemicals (p < 0.05), implying that OCs with high log Kow values tend to accumulate more readily in black hair. The results of this study demonstrated the growth and change in colors of hair, as well as the physicochemical properties of chemicals, play vital roles in the accumulation of OCs in hair. The present study provides fundamental basis for the precise assessment of human exposure to OCs using hair as a biomonitoring matrix in future studies.

헤어컬러와 피부톤의 매치에 따른 얼굴 이미지의 변화 - 20대 여성을 중심으로

To enable female adults to form preferred facial images, this study quantitatively analyzed the changes in facial image according to various matchings of skin tone and hair color. A total of 360 female image stimuli were produced by matching 40 hair colors and nine skin tones in various ways. Hair colors were extracted from hair dye colors with the highest recent sales rates, and three hues and three types of lightness within the range of Asian skin colors were selected. A total of 101 male and female adults with normal color vision evaluated the perceived facial images of the stimuli displayed on a computer monitor by comparing them with the reference stimulus. For quantitative analysis, the color values of skin tones and hair colors in the stimuli were extracted. The study found that different facial images are formed even for a single hair color depending on the skin tone with which it is matched. In particular, young-looking images could be most effectively formed through changes in hair color regardless of the type of skin tone. Specifically, the brighter, and the redder or yellower the hair color, the younger the appearance. The smaller this difference in the brightness and redness between the hair color and the skin tone, the darker the face would seem, but the greater the younger-looking image. In addition, the smaller the difference in the yellowness between hair color and skin tone, the more vital and brighter the image of the face, as well as the greater the younger-looking effect. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the information delivered to the public were evaluated by comparing YouTube video data on hair color recommendation currently widely exposed to the public with the results of this study.

Protection of hair color with pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomal formulation: Preparation, characterization, and ex-vivo activity studies.

Pomegranate peel extract is known as a powerful antioxidant and due to preventing oxidation, it can reduce color change of dyed hair after washing. Liposomes are vesicular systems that include lipids and can form a film on hair fibers. Delivery system and active agent have a synergistic effect on protecting hair color and reducing dyeing frequency. This study aimed to prepare liposomes suspension as an innovative formulation of pomegranate peel extract to reduce hair color changing. Pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomes were prepared with lipidic film hydration method. The characterizations of formulations (F1 and F2) were defined by several parameters. The pH, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, microscopical image, loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of formulations were determined. The antioxidant capacity of formulations and actives were tested. The effect of formulations on hair color change was shown with ex-vivo studies. The results showed that cholesterol influenced particle size, zeta potential, and antioxidant capacity. The particle sizes of formulations were 217.71 ± 6.74 nm and 577.5 ± 1.41 nm for F1 and F2, respectively. F2 formulation had better results for zeta potential (33.8mV) while F1 was neutral. Morphologic images confirmed vesicular structure or liposomes. The EE was found higher for F2 than F1 (F1: 57.14 and F2: 78.69). Antioxidant studies confirmed that active substance and the vesicular system had a synergistic effect on protection from oxidation. Selected formulation reduced hair color change as shown in ex-vivo tests. Pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomes were designed for hair color protection. It was shown with this study that prepared formulations have a good color protection on hair fibers due to antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract and film forming effect of liposomal formulations. According to results, prepared liposomal formulations may serve as a good alternative for reducing dyeing frequency and protecting hair fibers.

Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in IMDC favorable- and intermediate-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of Chinese patients.

BackgroundPazopanib was recommended as first-line treatment option for Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), while evidence from strictly selected patients has poor external validity and clinical characteristics are complex in real-world clinical practice. This study aimed to illustrate the survival benefits and safety of pazopanib monotherapy using real-world data of mRCC patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. We recruited adult patients with International Metastatic renal cell carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) favorable- and intermediate-risk mRCC receiving first-line pazopanib from May 2017 to February 2020. Patients were treated with pazopanib 800 mg or 600 mg orally once daily. Treatment efficacy, and drug safety were analyzed. Response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Drug safety was assessed according to the grade of treatment-related adverse reactions.ResultsBased on IMDC risk stratification, there were 46 (32.2%) patients in the favorable-risk group and 97 (67.8%) patients in the intermediate-risk group. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the entire cohort, favorable- and intermediate risk groups was 21.2, 27.1 and 17.2 months, respectively. In the intermediate-risk group, PFS was much longer in patients with 1 risk factor than in patients with 2 risk factors, with a median of 25.9 months versus 11.2 months (P<0.0001). Patients with lung metastasis only had longer PFS than those with bone metastasis only, with a median PFS of 25.9 vs. 21.2 months, respectively. Furthermore, local therapy for the metastatic site appeared to benefit patients in the IMDC favorable-risk group but not those in the IMDC intermediate-risk group. The best response was 40/140 (29%) partial response (PR), 86/140 (61%) stable disease (SD), and 14/140 (10%) progressive disease (PD). The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were change in hair color (47.7%), hypertension (40.0%), diarrhea (40.0%), proteinuria (38.5%), elevation of transaminase (35.4%), and hand–foot skin reaction (32.3%).ConclusionsThis real-world data analysis recommended that patients in intermediate-risk group need to be further stratified according to the number of risk factors. Pazopanib was most suitable for patients with lung metastasis only. Local treatment for metastatic lesions should only be recommended in IMDC favorable patients.

Bilateral periorbital, eyelid, and conjunctival edema and hair color changes caused by avapritinib

Bilateral periorbital, eyelid, and conjunctival edema and hair color changes caused by avapritinib