Haemorheological Markers Research Articles

Regular Observation of De-Acclimatization and Randomized Controlled Research of Diagnostic Criteria of High Altitude De-Acclimatization Syndrome among Different Plateau Migrants Crowd after Their Return to the Plain

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic methods of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome and to formulate diagnostic criteria. Methods: This study was conducted using epidemiological surveys and a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3011 subjects were studied, and the following indices were collected after their return to low altitude areas from the plateau: general health status, blood, urine and stool samples, myo-cardial enzyme levels, liver and kidney function, nerve function, sex hormone levels, microalbuminuria, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, pulmonary function, and hemorheological markers. These data were compared to those of randomized healthy subjects in the same age range who lived at the same altitude to determine the characteristics of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome. Based on these characteristics, diagnostic criteria for high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome were formulated. Results: This study demonstrated that the incidence of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome was 84.36%. Sixty percent of the cases were mild, 30% were medium, and 10% were severe. The incidence was higher among those who returned to a place of lower altitude, resided at a high altitude for a longer period of time, or engaged in heavy labor while at high altitude. Patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome manifested hematological abnormalities and abnormal ventricular function, notably a right ventricular diastolic function, which recovered to baseline function after one to five years. Exposure to long-term hypoxia often caused obvious changes in cardiac morphology, i.e., left and right ventricular hypertrophy, particularly within the right ventricle. In addition, patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome often presented with low blood pressure, low pulse pressure, and microalbuminuria. A few patients presented with occult blood in their feces. The diagnosis of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome can be made if a patient who recently returns to the plain from the plateau complains of dizziness, weakness, sleepiness, chest tightness, edema, memory loss, and other symptoms and signs that do not alleviate under short-term rehabilitation or symptomatic treatment, and if organic diseases of the heart, lung, kidney, and other organs have been excluded. Conclusion: The diagnosis of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome should be made after a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s clinical symptoms and signs.

Prothrombotic state in senile patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with respiratory failure

The aim of this study was to study the clinical value of prethrombotic state and treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in senile patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with respiratory failure. Hemorheological markers (hematocrit, blood viscosity and plasma viscosity), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer and gas analysis were evaluated in 30 senile patients with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure and compared with those in 30 cases without respiratory failure. A total of 30 cases with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The two groups received conventional treatment. The treatment group also received LMWH injections every 12 h for 6 days and the clinical effect was observed. The levels of FIB, D-dimer, hematocrit, blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly higher in the patients with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure compared with those in the patients without respiratory failure. The plasma D-dimer and FIB levels had significantly positive correlations with the partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and negative correlations with the partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) in the patients with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure. The curative effect was improved in the treatment group, compared with that in the control group without side-effects. However, no significant changes in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were observed between the treatment and control groups. The senile patients with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure suffered from hypercoagulation. Early detection and diagnosis of the prethrombotic state and timely treatment with LMWH may benefit these patients without side-effects.

Influence of hyperglyceamia on some haemorheological markers in diabetic Nigerians

The altered rheological properties of the blood have been shown to precede clinically detectable diabetic vasculopathy. This study seeks to investigate whether hypoglycaemic treatment would have any impact on some haemorheological markers: haematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP) and relative plasma viscosity (RPV). We studied fifty normotensive diabetic patients that were on insulin, metformin or glibenclamide treatment and 25 non-diabetic subjects matched by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Results showed that age, BMI, haematocrit, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were similar among all groups. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) which was significantly higher (p significantly elevated (p plasma viscosity and plasma protein levels in diabetic patients. This finding suggests that treatment with insulin, metformin or glibenclamide does not impact beneficial effects on plasma rheology. In addition, the results imply that hyperglycaemia mediates hyperviscous plasma that may exert risk factor for the initiation and/or progression of diabetic vasculopathy. Hence, it may be necessary to use rheomodulators in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Effect Of 30-second All-out Exercise On Selected Haemorheological And Platelet Markers In Healthy Subjects

Strenuous physical exercise promotes a prothrombotic state and may cause acute myocardial infarction. In a previous study we demonstrated that high-intensity all out exercise like the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic test (WAnT) can lead to activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy subjects. An effect on selected haemorheological markers like fibrinogen (Fib) and platelet count as well as the plasma level of the platelet activation marker soluble p-selectin (sP-sel) is less well investigated. PURPOSE: To analyze the acute effect of a WAnT on indicators of metabolic stress, haemoconcentration and haemorheological and platelet markers. METHODS: Thirteen healthy male leisure time athletes (mean ± SD; age 28.8 ± 7.2 yrs, height 1.84 ± 0.06 m, body mass 82.7 ± 9.0 kg) performed a 30-second WAnT. Before and immediately after the WAnT as well as 9 and 30 min into a passive recovery period venous blood was taken for the analysis of plasma lactate concentration (PLA) and pH, total protein (TP) and hematocrit (HCT), FIB, platelet count and sP-sel. RESULTS: Pre-test values of all measures were well within the reference range for healthy subjects. Maxima of PLA (17.7 + 2.0 mmol l-1), TP (6.84 + 0.27 g dl-1) and HCT (49.0 + 2.0%) and the minimum of pH (7.17 + 0.04) were found at 1 or 9 min post WAnT (all p < 0.0083). Also Fib (278.8 + 45.8 mg dl-1) and sP-sel (89.9 + 26.0 ng ml-1) showed maxima at 1 or 9 min (all p < 0.0083), whilst an increase in platelets (310 + 10 109 l-1) was not found before 9 min (p < 0.0083). Only sP-sel returned to pre-test levels at 30 min. Interrelationships between Fib and TP (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and sP-sel and pH (r = - 0.35, p < 0.05), respectively were found. CONCLUSION: The results seem to indicate that the WAnT induced metabolic acidosis contributes to the increase in sP-sel whilst the metabolic osmotic effect attributes to the response of Fib.

Effects of “Newer” and “Older” Antihypertensive Drugs on Hemorrheological, Platelet, and Endothelial Factors: A Substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial

Different antihypertensive therapies may exert benefits via not only a reduction in blood pressure but also in improving the risk of thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that a more modern antihypertensive drug regimen (ie, amlodipine +/- perindopril) would have a more beneficial effect on hemorheological markers (white blood-cell count [WCC], plasma viscosity [PV], hematocrit [HCT], and fibrinogen)--and on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of endothelial damage and dysfunction) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel, an index of platelet activation), compared with an older antihypertensive drug regimen (ie, atenolol +/- bendroflumethiazide). After 6 months, PV, sP-sel, and HCT fell in both groups (P < .01), while fibrinogen was unchanged. However, those 74 patients randomized to amlodipine +/- perindopril had significant reductions in WCC (P = .005), with no significant changes in vWF or platelet count. Conversely, in those 85 patients randomized to atenolol +/- bendroflumethiazide, there were significant reductions in vWF (P = .001) and platelet count (P = .011) but no significant reductions in WCC. There were no significant differences in the levels of any of the variables between the two arms of the trial, nor a significant difference in the magnitude of reduction between the two treatment arms. Within the constraints of this substudy design, there was no differential effect apparent of the two antihypertensive treatment arms on hemorheological parameters or endothelial and platelet function (as assessed by vWF and sP-sel), suggesting that other pathophysiological mechanisms may be involved.

Haemorheological, platelet and endothelial indices in relation to global measures of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients: a substudy of the Anglo‐Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial

We tested the hypothesis that there was a significant relationship between haemorheological markers [white blood cell count (WCC), plasma viscosity (PV), haematocrit (HCT) and fibrinogen], as well as plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of endothelial damage/dysfunction) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel, an index of platelet activation), to five global measures of cardiovascular risk [i.e. Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cardiovascular death score, the Pocock cardiovascular risk score and the sum of individual risk factors]. Men with a high (> or = median, n = 156) Framingham 10-year CHD risk score had higher levels of WBC (P = 0.027), fibrinogen (P = 0.012) and vWF (P = 0.002) than 153 men with results < median. Men with a high 10-year stroke risk score had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (P = 0.01) and vWF (P < 0.0001). In stepwise linear regression analysis in men, vWF and fibrinogen were independent predictors of the number of risk factors (P < 0.0001), whilst WCC, vWF and fibrinogen emerged as independent predictors of Framingham CHD risk (P < 0.0001), and fibrinogen and vWF predicted Framingham stroke risk (R(2) = 0.089, P < 0.0001). vWF, PV and fibrinogen were predictors of Pocock cardiovascular death risk (P < 0.0001) but vWF was the only independent predictor of Framingham cardiovascular death risk (P = 0.001). Abnormal haemorheological factors (particularly high plasma fibrinogen levels) and endothelial damage/dysfunction (high vWF), but not platelet activation (sP-sel), are related to established cardiovascular and death risk scores. This relationship was most evident amongst male 'high-risk' hypertensive subjects.

Platelet and Haemorheological Markers in High Risk Hypertensives are Improved by Tighter Blood Pressure Control and Risk Factor Modification

Platelet and Haemorheological Markers in High Risk Hypertensives are Improved by Tighter Blood Pressure Control and Risk Factor Modification

Platelet and haemorheological markers in high risk hypertensives are improved by tighter blood pressure control

Platelet and haemorheological markers in high risk hypertensives are improved by tighter blood pressure control

Haemorheological markers in 89 patients with stage II peripheral vascular disease (PVD).

Although it is universally accepted that the grade of reduction of district blood flow in PVD is directly correlated to alteration of the haemorheological pattern, there is still no uniformity of opinion regarding the existence of a specific rheological alteration in PVD. The scope of our study was to discover the existence of possible PVD-specific markers; we thus carried out a comparative evaluation of the rheological characteristics in blood of controls and patients affected with PVD. Eighty-nine males between the ages of 50 and 65 years (median 58 +/- 1 SE) were studied, all with a stage II vascular pathology with clinical onset of less than three months. Exclusion criteria were: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipaemia, stable hypertension, presence of vascular disease in other districts, cardio-circulatory problems and serious medical or surgical pathologies, previous vascular surgery, a history of acute thrombo-embolic episodes, and chronic alcoholism. Each patient, after a drug wash-out of 20 days, was monitored for haemorheological parameters. At the same time, the above parameters were measured in a group of 50 male controls of the same age range. All 139 subjects were smokers (10-15 cigarettes average per day). Our results indicate that modification in the bio-humoral (fibrinogen and plasma globulins) parameters, a reduced red blood cell filterability and a relative increase in the number of activated polymorphonucleate cells are probably specific haemorheological markers of the clinical onset of PVD.