Hadejia River Research Articles

Investigation of the Basin Characteristics through Morphometric Analysis of Hadejia River Sub-Basin: Implications for Groundwater Recharge

Understanding the geohydrological properties of a drainage basin in relation to the topographical feature and its flow patterns depends heavily on morphometric analysis. Estimating a watershed's frequency of infiltration and runoff as well as its other hydrological characteristics is also helpful. The study was conducted using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques with the aim of establishing relationship between surface morphometry, underlying geology and groundwater recharge. For detailed measurement and analysis, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and high resolution imageries were employed for basin delineation, slope characterization, channel network extraction and stream ordering in order to derive the linear, areal, and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The findings showed that a total number of 116 streams joined the 4th order stream in which 83 streams were 1st order, 25 streams were 2nd order, 7 streams were 3rd order and the major trunk was 4th order stream, occupied an area of 1486.86km2. The stream network's drainage system exhibits dendritic design. The results further indicate that the values for stream frequency, infiltration number, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, elongation ratio and basin relief are 0.08, 0.032, 0.41km/km2, 0.023, 1.22km, 0.54 and 28.59m respectively. The observed values of both linear, areal and relief parameters were generally low. Low values for the areal and relief criteria indicates that the sub-basin is at its youthful stage of development and possesses very good permeable subsurface formation and prospect with the possibility of high potential groundwater resources. The result help us understand the connections between hydrological variables and geomorphological parameters as guidance and/or decision-making instruments for the authorities to develop decisions for the environmentally friendly growth of the basin, water supply planning, water budgeting, and disaster mitigation within the Hadejia river sub-basin.

Assessment of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Surface Runoff of Hadejia River System, Kano, Nigeria

Land use and land cover changes, mostly driven by anthropogenic activities, affect the processes of the water cycle. The impacts of land use (LU) and land cover (LC) changes between 1995 and 2015 on the surface runoff of the Hadejia River System (HRS) were investigated. The LULC changes obtained through re-classifications of selected Landsat satellite images and their effects on runoff peak discharges and volumes were assessed using selected hydrologic models for runoff generation and routing available within the HEC-HMS. Physically-based parameters of the models were estimated from the LULC change maps together with a digital elevation model and soil datasets of the basin. The simulated flows from the 90 sub-catchments were routed to the basin outlet afterwards to obtain the accrued effects in the entire river basin. Model results obtained generally revealed significant and varying increases in the runoff peak discharges and volumes within some sub-basins in the whole catchment, though the change was not significant at the basin outlet. In the sub-catchments within Kano and Jigawa states, increase between 15-20% and 10-15% were observed in the peak discharge respectively. These are the areas with the highest increase in agricultural activities and urbanization within the whole catchment. In the entire basin, however, the flood peak discharges and volumes increased by at least 3.57% and 8.18% respectively. From these results, the study concludes that changes were more pronounced in Kano and Jigawa states due to the increase of urbanization and farming activities in those areas, leading to reduction of infiltration and hence, increase in surface runoff. The study successfully outlined the hydrological consequences of land cover changes, emphasizing the importance of sustainable land use and catchment management strategies. Hence, integration of remote sensing, GIS, and the hydrological model (HEC-HMS) can be used to solve hydrological problems in a river basin.

Limnological Characteristics, Phytoplankton Assemblage and Environmental Assessment of Hadejia River, North-Western Nigeria: A Comprehensive Survey

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty This study is the first of its kind that offers a comprehensive analysis of phytoplankton dynamics in the Hadejia River, highlighting significant spatial and temporal variations in relation to key limnological variables. It uniquely identifies the influence of environmental factors on specific phytoplankton species and provides baseline data for future ecological monitoring. The research showcases the impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality, particularly at Station B, contributing critical insights into the river's ecological health and informing conservation strategies. Full Abstract This study assesses variations in phytoplankton abundance, composition, and distribution in the Hadejia River in relation to key limnological characteristics across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Over six months in 2018, water samples were collected from the river and analyzed for environmental variables alongside the quantification and identification of phytoplankton using standard protocols. pH and temperature measurements were conducted in situ. Results indicated significant variations (P < 0.05) in pH, temperature, turbidity, nitrate, and phosphate levels across different months, although no significant differences were observed between sampling stations. The highest nitrate value (5.41 mg/L) and phosphate levels (6.55 mg/L) were recorded in August at Station B (STB). 693 Phytoplankton individuals from five divisions were identified, with peak abundance, composition, and distribution observed during the dry season. Key species such as Selenastrum bibraianum, Tetraedron regulare, Tabellaria flocculosa, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Microcystis aeruginosa, Rhabdoderma lineare and Tabellaria fenestrate were consistently present throughout the study period. Shannon_H diversity index values for Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, and Euglenophyta ranged between 1.34-2.02, while Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta exhibited reduced diversity (1-1.32) and species richness (0.55-0.68) at STB. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the selected environmental variables strongly influenced phytoplankton abundance and diversity, with the exception noted for Microcystis aeruginosa, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Rhabdoderma lineare, and Chlamydomonas ehrenbergii. These results suggest deterioration in water quality, particularly at STB, possibly due to anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, this study provides valuable baseline data for future research endeavors aimed at monitoring and managing the ecological health of River Hadejia

AN APPRAISAL ON HYDRO-CLIMATIC IMPACT ON FLASH FLOODS INCIDENCES AT HADEJIA RIVER VALLEY WATERSHED IN NIGERIA

Frequent occurrence of flash flood is an issue of concern in Nigeria which requires prompt attention. The global worming which triggers the climate change phenomenon is believed to be one of the major causes of flooding. This study reviewed several research works conducted on flood incidences in Nigeria, particularly the Hadejia river valley watershed. The updated and more recent literatures were visited, analyzed and discussed. It was found that for the last decades, there is increasing frequency of flash flood incidences in the study catchment which resulted into displacement of the inhabitants, loss of lives and properties. Substantial portion of the affected places were occupied by people which have been given flood alert and warning previous by climate scientists. Such awareness focused the preparedness and possible relocation in the event of flash flood occurrence. In conclusion, this study has disclosed that there is evidence of increasing rate of flood occurrence at Hadejia river valley catchment. Thus, more effort should be intensified on creating awareness and public enlightenment on how to mitigate the potential damage and loss of life and properties.

EFFECT OF RESERVOIR UTILIZATION AND OTHER ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE HADEJIA RIVER VALLEY FLOODS: A REVIEW

The unceasing risk perception and socio-economic damages caused by flood disasters have been persistent in Hadejia River Valley (HRV). There is, however, a need to review upstream factors that could exacerbate downstream floods in the valley. The review tends to gain insight from the local and global flood occurrences due to the interplay between upstream reservoir management and other anthropogenic activities and downstream floods. The review underscores the impact of poor upstream reservoir operation, agriculture and other anthropogenic activities in exacerbating the occurrence of floods. These activities alter natural drainage patterns, reduce water absorption, and frequent spills from the major dams and hence, amplify runoff resulting in heightened flood risks. It was observed that reservoirs can serve as flood control facilities (if well-managed) and also exacerbate flooding by releasing large volumes of water too quickly or reaching capacity during intense rainfall events. It is, therefore, essential to consider the location, design, and operation of reservoirs, as well as their role within the HRV management context. In conclusion, the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority (HJRBDA) should adopt the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) approach that combines reservoir management, land use, flood forecasting, and emergency response strategies for minimizing downstream flood risks and maximizing the utilization of the upstream reservoirs.

Flood Risk Assessment and Mapping in the Hadejia River Basin, Nigeria, Using Hydro-Geomorphic Approach and Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method

Flood risk management is crucial for climate change resilience. The Hadejia River basin is known for severe and frequent floods, which have destroyed houses and farmlands and claimed many lives. This study developed a GIS-based flood risk and vulnerability mapping assessment using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to outline scenarios that reduce risk and vulnerability associated with floods in the Hadejia River basin. The risk mapping of the basin integrated seven hydro-geomorphological indicators influencing extreme events (elevation, mean annual rainfall, slope, distance from rivers, soil type, and drainage density) and six socio-economic vulnerability indicators (population density, female population density, literacy rate, land use, employment rate, and road network) using a multi-criterion analysis. The average annual rainfall data of 36 years (1982–2018) were used for flood plain mapping in this study. Combining the flood hazard and socio-economic vulnerability indices of the basin revealed high-to-very high flood risk in the downstream and central upstream portions of the basin, which cover about 43.4% of the basin area. The local areas of Auyo, Guri, Hadejia, Ringim, Kafin Hausa, and Jahun were identified as zones at a very high flood risk. The study also revealed that flood hazard and vulnerability indicators have different influences on flood risk. The validated results resonate with the records of previous flood distribution studies of the basin. This research study is significantly important for developing strategic measures and policy revision through which the government and relief agencies may reduce the negative impact of floods in the Hadejia River basin.

Flood risks factors and their prevalence in some selected local government areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria

Flood in Auyo and Miga local government areas is worrisome. The location of large parts of the study area is lying on the northern bank of Hadejia River, and many communities are at risk of flood hazard. This study is aimed at assessing flood risk factors in the vulnerable communities of Auyo and Miga LGAs, Jigawa State of Nigeria. A sample size of 666 respondents were drawn for self-administered questionnaire, 601 were fully completed. Data collected were analyzed descriptively for Relative importance index (RII). Findings revealed that, the current trend in the frequency of flood was on the increase, and the year 2012 (59%) and 2018 (61%) marked the worst with floods occurring four times. The major causes of flood were heavy rains (with RII of 4.890), overflow of river/stream with RII of 4.866, rainstorm, (with RII of 4.890), long period of rainfall (with RII of 4.805), steep side channels (4.785 of RII) and mystical beliefs (RII of 3.86). Man-made major factors were discovered to include; deforestation (with RII of 4.389) and lack of flood embankment, (RII of 4.316). Others were: poor waste disposal (RII of 3.915), lack of drainage network (with RII of 3.840), and development and infrastructure in flood-prone areas with RII of 3.733. It is recommended that, proper embankment protection and water regulatory outlets should be made available. Delineate flood risk zones before carrying out construction activities, or rather impose resettlement outside the flood prone areas.

Structural trends and basement depths across Nigeria from analysis of aeromagnetic data

This study analyses Aeromagnetic Survey Data to delineate magnetic lineaments associated with fault system trends across Nigeria. A High-Pass filter is used to separate the Total Magnetic Intensity's regional and residual components. A filter like Total Horizontal Gradient, Grid Analysis and Tilt Angle derivative are used to enhance the structural trends and fault systems that predominantly trend Northeast-Southwest and East-West. Some of the magnetic signatures on the southern and northeastern Nigeria follow the rift system trend that connects the South Atlantic and inland West Africa. The Euler deconvolution depth estimate of faults range between 1840 and 6321 m (meters) across the region. The Werner deconvolution and two-dimensional forward modelling are used to infer sedimentary thicknesses beneath ten profiles (each profile traverses a major river basin in the country). The estimated depths to basement range between 1500 and 7500 m beneath the Cross-River Basin (in the south) and the Gongola Basin (in the northeast). The Hadejia River Basin in northeast Nigeria is characterised by distinct magnetic anomaly lows and a shallow depth to the basement. Further investigation of this basin is recommended.

Detection and prediction of land use change impact on the streamflow regime in Sahelian river basin, northwestern Nigeria

Abstract Detecting and predicting the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on streamflow are crucial sources of information for the effective management and protection of land and water resources in Sahelian ecosystems such as the Hadejia river basin. In this study, LULC change detection was performed using ENVI, while the LULC modeling was conducted using the cellular automata (CA)–Markov in the IDRISI environment. However, the streamflow trend and variation were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and the inverse distance weightage (IDW). Before the LULC modeling and projection (2030), the LULC was classified for 1990, 2000, and 2010 using supervised classification. Model output revealed a strong relationship between LULC and streamflow trend, thus, the decade 1990–2000 was the decade with high forest clearance and streamflow output, and consequently severe floods. However, the decade 2000–2010 witnessed land use expansion mainly via construction (3.4%). Meanwhile, the scenario will slightly change in the future as agriculture is projected to expand by about 9.3% from 2010 to 2030 due to the increased human population. Thus, food insecurity aggravated by climate change should be anticipated, and measures to avert/reduce their effects must be initiated.

Stock Assessment of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> and <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> from River Hadejia, Jigawa State

The study aimed at assessing the fisheries potentials of Hadejia River. Data on the captured of the fishes were collected over a period of five weeks using gill nets of various mesh sizes, with the assistance of the fishermen. A total of twenty five different fish species belonging to 14 families were identified. The family Cichlidae dominated the fish fauna with 54%. The families Claridae constituted 20%, while the others were the least with only 26%. The fish caught per day was about 1,308 from six landing sites, with 14 fishermen operating averagely from each site. The study also revealed that the river was partially over-fished. Fish samples were collected weekly for five weeks period, from the sampling station using fishing gears of various mesh sizes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 centimeters), with the assistance of the fishermen. Fish samples were identify and weighed fresh, at landing sites to the nearest gram. Standard and total lengths were taken using a measuring board and also the diversity of fish recorded in this study indicates that the River has relatively high fish diversity. The number and biomass of fish caught during the study is considered high, when compared to other Nigerian Rivers. The sizes of fish recorded also indicate that the River is been over fished. It is therefore recommended that the government and other donor agencies should provide support for research and studies to collect analyze and synthesize information and harmonize existing policies, edicts and byelaws that conform to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles, including establishing criteria for water use. The artisanal fishermen should also be encouraged to maintain the use of mesh size regulation.

Groundwater Yield Modeling in the Floodplain of Hadejia, Northwestern Nigeria

This paper proposed a model explaining variation of shallow groundwater yield and dynamic level with respect to river location in the floodplain of Hadejia, along Hadejia River Basin of Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria. To achieve the aim, six transects were established within one km2 of floodplain and were oriented perpendicular to the river channel. Three tube wells were sampled and positioned along each transect at regular intervals making a total of 18 wells. Pumping test, which was repeated four times at 15 minutes interval in both morning and evening hours was used to measure groundwater yield. Multivariate statistical tools such as analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation, and cluster analysis were used, respectively, to test the research hypothesis and to classify sampling points into similar groups based on groundwater yield. Results show that the average yield of wells for evening hours recorded a higher yield of 3.3 L/s (55.93%) than the yield in the morning hours of 2.6 L/s (44.07%). Further, the 2-way ANOVA at 5% level of significance showed no significant difference in the groundwater yield related to relative location of wells in morning (p value, 0.30>0.05) and evening (p value, 0.21>0.05) hours. The results of ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference between the points. It suggests that the adopted model can be applied in other similar sedimentary basins with a view to validating it. A decision support system is recommended among the strategies to improve groundwater resources management in the area.

Monitoring and Exploring the Spatio-temporal Variation of Physico-chemical Variables of River Hadejia, Nigeria; Using Statistical Approach

This study is aimed at assessing the ecological health condition of River Hadejia. The specific objectives are to; determine the monthly variation of the Physico-chemical parameters of River Hadejia. The physicochemical analysis carried out on the water samples are: pH, temperature, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, DO, BOD, Transparency, Depth and flow velocity which were determined by standard methods. The results of Physico-chemical parameters obtained were subjected to ANOVA using statistical package software, the mean conductivity values range between (104-127 ?S/cm). Nitrate in this study ranged from 0.04–0.80 mg/l and Station 3 had the highest nitrate value. The mean turbidity values obtained from the water samples of River Hadejia ranges from 124.56±11.06-149.52±23.11. Moreover, the temperature of Hadejia River varied from 13ºC to 28ºC. The highest temperature was in November at Station 1 while the lowest was recorded in February at station 1 which may be due to cold weather of the morning time.

Evidence of climate variability from rainfall and temperature fluctuations in semi-arid region of the tropics

The pattern of rainfall and temperature behaviour in the Hadejia River Basin (HRB) has been assessed. The behaviour of rainfall and temperature have been used as proxies in detecting the presence of climate variability. Historical rainfall and temperature monthly data spanning thirty-six years (1980–2015) obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) was used in this study. ANOVA and Mann-Kendall trend test was used for the data analysis. The ANOVA results showed significant variation in rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature between the stations. The Mann-Kendall trend test result shows an increasing trend in both rainfall and temperature in annual statistics, though statistically insignificant. However, the monthly trends result showed mixed results of both significant and insignificant as well as increasing and decreasing trends. The mean, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were spatially interpolated using inverse distance weightage technique for easy comprehension. Even though the annual increasing trends result was statistically insignificant except for two out of the ten stations, it is still crucial for planning water-related activities and programs considering the sensitivity and fragility of the region to minor climatic variations.

Surface water resources management along Hadejia River Basin, northwestern Nigeria

Abstract The current review has unveiled the spatial disparity of the surface water resources availability between the upstream and downstream of the Hadejia River Basin (HRB). The surface water resources are more abundant in the upstream areas of the basin. Although rainfall and temperature dynamics are identified as the major reason for these spatial variations, other important factors include the differences in the geological formation and the land use changes. Furthermore, the differences in the geological formations between the upstream and downstream areas have further widened the disparities in the surface water resources available across the basin which are motivated by the differences in the rate of infiltration. The combined effects of these factors affect both spatial availability and the quality variation of the surface water resources. However, as per this review, there is no single integrated study reported to have aimed at addressing the problems of water resource excesses, deficiencies and/or pollution throughout the basin. To address the problem of water pollution, floods, and droughts, the current review recommends the use of riverbank filtration (RBF), aquifer recharge and recovery (ARR) and rainwater harvesting.

English

This study investigated shallow groundwater quality and yield for irrigation along Hadejia River Basin of Jigawa State in both the dry and rainy seasons of one year. Sites in the floodplain with a history of irrigation where the use of tube wells is dominant were selected covering a transect of about 135 km. Six transects, oriented perpendicular to the river channel were established within 1 km2 in each site. Three tube wells were sampled and positioned along each transect at regular intervals, making a total of 18 wells in each site. To ensure quality control and quality assurance, the sampling standard methods prescribed by APHA (2005) were followed carefully for the collection of groundwater samples. Pumping test, which was repeated four times at 15 min interval in both morning and evening hours was used to measure groundwater yield. Multivariate statistical tools such as analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation, and cluster analysis were used respectively, to test the research hypothesis and to classify sampling points into similar groups based on groundwater quality. Results showed that the suitability of the water is lower in the dry season than in the rainy season. Average yield of wells for evening hours recorded a higher yield of 3.3 l/s (56%) than yield in the morning hours of 2.6 l/s (44%). Although groundwater average yield was found to be within the standard (2.5 l/s) for irrigation, it is realized that any extraction of the resource more than the prevailing rate can induce a decline in groundwater yield. A decision support system is recommended among the strategies to improve groundwater resources management in the area. Key words: Shallow groundwater, condition, floodplain irrigation, River Basin.

Runoff irregularities, trends, and variations in tropical semi-arid river catchment

Study regionHadejia River Basin (HRB) in North Eastern Nigeria. Study focusThe hydrological trends and variations of surface runoff in Hadejia river catchment were assessed using data spanning 36 years (1980–2015) for proper planning and management of water resources in the basin. New hydrological insight for the regionThe temporal and spatial irregularities in the runoff of Hadeia river catchment has been detected. A significant decrease of river discharge from two out of the three downstream stations had been observed. However, there is an increasing trend of the river discharge from all the three upstream stations, though statistically insignificant. The ANOVA [F (5,210) = 106.226, P < 0.05] and cluster analysis results showed significant spatial variations between the upstream and downstream stations. The increasing trend of the discharge in the upstream stations is attributable to high rainfall mean and increased urbanization in the area. However, the significant decreasing trend of the discharge downstream of the river catchment is associated to many factors, notably; high evaporation rate due to high temperature, low rainfall mean and the relatively high infiltration rate encouraged by the high percentage of sandy soil and the sedimentary geological formation. Consequent to these trends and variations, water supply and irrigation, particularly in the downstream areas are at risk. Thus, integrated basin study using hydrological modelling will be helpful to distinguish the individual impact of the blame factors and to predict the river discharge behavior in response to the impact of those factors.

Radiological Safety of Water from Hadejia River

Water samples from Hadejia River in the north eastern part of Nigeria were studied in order to ascertain the suitability and radiological safety of water from the river for human consumption. Radioactive measurements, using a lead shielded sodium iodide detector coupled to a multichannel analyzer were used to estimate eight radiological parameters of water samples from Hadejia River. The results show that the values of all the parameters fall within the minimum universal standard, indicating that consuming the water pose no serious radiological hazard, especially for adults. The values of the Absorbed Dose Rate (50.10511 nGyh-1) and AEDE (12.458 mSvy-1) for the infant however portend that infant consumer could be susceptible to radiation hazard on consuming water from the River. It is however recommended that activities that are capable of enhancing the radiological content of the River be avoided within the area.

Spatial Distribution of Some Heavy Metals in Sediments from the River Hadejia Catchment, Nigeria

Heavy metals concentration levels was determined using Instrumental Nitrogen Activation Analysis (INAA) is possible using Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR) which is a Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR). It is specifically used for the Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) technique. The selection of sediment sample is because, overtime, the chemical elements precipitate on the sediment bed; therefore the sediment sample will indicate the true nature of the chemical elements present in the river system. River Hadejia is a perennial river, though the dry season flow is from the upstream regulated flow from the Tiga and Bagauda dams. The sediment samples were collected using stratified random sampling technique based on change in land use activity. Samples were collected during dry and wet seasons and analyzed in the laboratory. The results obtained show the presence of chemical contaminants Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), and Europium (Eu) in concentrations above the permissible limits in the Hadejia river system. For example, Chromium (Cr) has mean concentration of 432.86 mg/l as against the permissible limit for both WHO, (2011) and NSDWQ, (2007) of 0.05mg/l. Anthropogenic and natural geology of the area are the key determinants of the presence of these chemical elements in the area. It is recommended among others that there is need for routing the actual sources of these contaminants in our river catchment areas.

Groundwater recharge studies in irrigated lands in Nigeria: Implications for basin sustainability

Abstract The potential of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in semi-arid areas of Nigeria was evaluated using the Kano River irrigation Project (KRIP) as a case study. Groundwater recharge was evaluated daily for 3 years (2009–2011) using the water level fluctuation (wlf) method. Temporal and spatial analyses of recharge were carried out using Microsoft Excel® spread sheet and ArcGIS® 9.0 software. Results show that recharge range from 17 to 32 mm daily on the farmland. Further analysis showed that an average of 8 mm of water is added to storage daily from both rainfall and irrigation. The observed waterlogging problems has implication for salt build up in the area and could be ameliorated by conjunctive use of both surface water and groundwater from the farmland. This will lead to huge water savings that could be released from the Tiga dam to recharge the Chad formation aquifers downstream of the Hadejia River in a systematic MAR implementation via infiltration basin. However, additional modelling studies and aquifer characterization are required to implement this.

Sustainability of water resources development in the Komadugu Yobe River basin of Nigeria

A water audit of the Hadejia river sub-catchment of Komadugu Yobe River basin of Nigeria (KYB) has been carried out in order to elucidate the sustainability of existing water uses. Results show that about 2,619 million cubic meters (MCM) of surface water is available annually upstream of Wudil (HS 1), 658 MCM is available between Wudil and Hadejia (HS 2), while 905 MCM is available between Hadejia and Gashua (HS 3). Analysis of direct ground water recharge revealed that 86 mm, 94 mm and 8 mm of water is recharged to groundwater annually in the three hydrological sections HS 1, HS 2 and HS 3 respectively. It is obvious that the least ground water recharge takes place in the Hadejia - Nguru Wetlands. Presently, no water stress was observed in the sub-catchment; however, a number of water management problems persist all over the sub-catchment. The potential water balance of the area shows that about 75% of the available water between Wudil and Hadejia section (HS 2) would be used up by 2010 going by the current development rate. Projections show that the water use rate will reach 100% by 2018. At this time, water scarcity will commence in this area if urgent steps are not taken to address the situation. Adoptable strategies to avert the crisis were advanced. Keywords: Water, Development, Management, recharge, Nigeria Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , Volume9,: 5-17