Habitual Characteristics Research Articles

Translator Habitus of Legge under Social Praxeology

Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of social practice as the analytical framework, this study focuses on the translator habitus exhibited by Legge, a renowned British sinologist and missionary. Taking his English translation of Confucian Analects as a case study, it investigates the habitual characteristics formed through Legge’s education, work, and social experiences. This paper aims to delve into how these translation tendencies influence his work and to uncover the fundamental drivers behind his successful translation of Chinese classics. It seeks to offer novel research perspectives and references for the English translation of Chinese scholarly works.

Habitual Mask Wearing as Part of COVID-19 Control in Japan: An Assessment Using the Self-Report Habit Index.

Although the Japanese government removed mask-wearing requirements in 2023, relatively high rates of mask wearing have continued in Japan. We aimed to assess psychological reasons and the strength of habitual mask wearing in Japan. An Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with non-random participant recruitment. We explored the frequency of mask usage, investigating psychological reasons for wearing masks. A regression analysis examined the association between psychological reasons and the frequency of mask wearing. The habitual use of masks was assessed in the participant's most frequently visited indoor space and public transport using the self-report habit index. The principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed distinct habitual characteristics. Among the 2640 participants surveyed from 6 to 9 February 2023, only 4.9% reported not wearing masks at all. Conformity to social norms was the most important reason for masks. Participants exhibited a slightly higher degree of habituation towards mask wearing on public transport compared to indoor spaces. The mask-wearing rate was higher in females than in males, and no significant difference was identified by age group. Daily mask wearing in indoor spaces was characterized by two traits (automaticity and behavioral frequency). A high mask-wearing frequency has been maintained in Japan during the social reopening transition period. Mask wearing has become a part of daily habit, especially on public transport, largely driven by automatic and frequent practice.

0637 Associations between Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract Introduction Daytime sleepiness is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and is associated with more severe cardiometabolic sequalae in persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, limited studies have examined objective measures of decreased alertness in the context of AD. Here, we examined performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in relation to AD pathology as indexed by AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), among individuals with and without OSA. Methods Sixty-one cognitively unimpaired adults (39 women), mean age 66.1±7.5 years, enrolled in the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center completed a multifaceted sleep assessment. WatchPAT at-home overnight recordings characterized OSA severity, defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Actigraphy determined habitual sleep-wake characteristics. 10-minute PVT measured neurobehavioral alertness. CSF biomarkers were measured using the Roche NeuroToolKit assays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), an exploratory panel of immunoassays for neurodegeneration. Generalized linear models examined associations between AD biomarkers, AHI, and PVT performance. Primary AD biomarkers of interest were phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) and amyloid-beta (Ab) 42/40 ratio, measured in CSF. The primary PVT variable of interest was the mean response time of the 10% slowest responses, which is associated with daytime sleepiness and default mode network activity. Log transformed PVT and AHI+1 were utilized for analysis. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, APOEe4 status, years of education, AD parental history, biomarker-to-sleep assessment time interval, and Ab42/40 (for p-tau). Results No significant relationship of AHI or PVT was observed for Ab42/40. In fully adjusted models, a significant AHI*PVT interaction was observed for p-tau (p=0.0003). Specifically, among individuals with OSA (AHI>5/hour; n=24), slower PVT was associated with increased p-tau (b=13.2, p=0.006), an association that was not significant among those without OSA. Conclusion PVT performance may be an objective measure of sleepiness relevant to AD pathology, particularly among individuals with OSA. Replication and expansion of these findings in larger and longitudinal datasets are indicated. Support (If Any) R03AG063274 and P30-AG062715.

A Comparative Analysis of Homogenous Groups’ Preferences by Using AIP and AIJ Group AHP-PROMETHEE Model

Preference surveys often strive to reveal the perceptions of respondents with different demographic and habitual characteristics to reflect the features of a local community or city. However, the target group can be considered a priori homogenous in some cases, which requires an adjusted survey methodology. Apart from the smaller sample size, the aggregation technique of the individual preferences into a global common priority is also different in these types of problems according to the decision science principles. Interestingly, this feature is often ignored in group multi-criteria decision-making problems, especially in PROMETHEE model applications. This paper aims to apply the Aggregation of Individual Judgement technique in PROMETEHEE AIJ-PROMETHEE via the introduction of a hybrid Group AIJ-AHP-PROMETHEE model, specifically designed for homogenous group preference problems, to be compared with the conventional Aggregation of Individual Priorities (AIP). The new AIJ-AHP-PROMETHEE model, which is more suitable for homogenous groups, is less costly and less time-consuming than the general aggregations. The effectiveness of this new model is emphasized with real data, surveying university students’ perceptions of different transport modes in the city of Budapest. Results show considerable findings of the introduced model and its general applicability to the evaluation of the public transport service quality system.

Automaticity and depression: Daily mood-reactive rumination in people with and without depression history.

Depressive rumination has been conceptualized as a mental habit that is initiated automatically without conscious awareness, intent, or control in response to negative mood. However, it is unknown whether depression vulnerability is characterized by elevated levels of mood-reactive rumination at the level of short-term dynamics. Using mobile ecological momentary assessment, formerly depressed individuals with a recurrent history of depression (n = 94) and nonclinical controls (n = 55) recorded in-the-moment affect and rumination 10 times daily over 6 days, after completing baseline measures of trait ruminative brooding, early life stress, and habitual characteristics of negative thinking (e.g., automaticity, lack of conscious awareness, intent, and control). Momentary fluctuations in negative affect were prospectively associated with greater rumination at the next sampling occasion in formerly depressed participants whereas this pattern of mood-reactive rumination was not observed in nonclinical controls. In formerly depressed participants, habitual characteristics of negative thinking was associated with greater mood-reactivity of rumination, particularly among those with a history of early life stress. Mood-reactive rumination was not, however, associated with depression course nor with the frequency of trait ruminative brooding. Rumination may be triggered in response to negative affect with a high degree of automaticity, making it difficult to control. Greater mood-reactivity of rumination might be associated with increased depression risk, independent of the depressive course and may be exacerbated by early life stress. Future studies may need to go beyond frequency and focus on the role of mood-reactivity and automaticity of ruminative thinking in depression vulnerability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Moral Competence and Foundations of Moral Judgment. An Empirical Exploration of Concepts and New Possibilities for Understanding

The present study examines the relation between the moral intuitions proposed by the ‘Moral Foundations Theory’ according to J. Haidt and the moral orientations in relation with moral competence, as described by the ‘Dual-Aspect Model of Moral Behaviour’ according to G. Lind.It is an empirical exploration of the relation between the five foundational domains (and/or the corresponding two higher-order clusters) and the moral orientations, as this results from the theoretical assumptions of both theories, and the influence on and of the moral competence on these aforementioned relations. The shared affective and, at the same time, habitual characteristics of moral intuitions and moral orientations, although based on different theories (intuitionism, respectively, cognitivism) should converge in a dynamic relationship. The basic motivation is the need to overcome the affective-cognitive disjunction in the study of moral judgment, which is artificial. The human (moral) reasoning is always a situated and situating one, in a symbolic narrative universe, in which the cognitive-affective dichotomy forms a dynamic unity. This overstated dichotomy is only a methodological necessity, but unfortunately hypostasized in an explanatory mechanism that leads to the impermissible simplification of the phenomenon that it seeks to understand.The empirical results confirm the limits of both cognitive and intuitions paradigms and advocates for a more nuanced and dynamic approach in understanding the moral judgment within a more comprehensive conception on human personality. Finally, the implications for the contemporary psychology’ paradigm are discussed.

Do daily mood fluctuations activate ruminative thoughts as a mental habit? Results from an ecological momentary assessment study

It has been suggested that mental habits may underpin a heightened disposition to engage in rumination in response to negative mood. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of habit in the dynamic interplay between affect and ruminative thinking in the flow of daily life experiences. Using mobile ecological momentary assessment, 97 participants recorded affect and rumination ten times daily over six days, after completing measures of trait ruminative brooding and habitual characteristics of negative thinking (e.g. automaticity, lack of conscious awareness, intent and control). Momentary fluctuations in negative (increased) and positive (decreased) affect was prospectively associated with greater rumination-levels at the next sampling occasion. The degree to which affect triggered a subsequent ruminative response was moderated by habitual characteristics of negative thinking in a theoretically consistent way. Stronger temporal pairing of negative affect and rumination was also associated with greater emotional inertia but less carry-over of rumination from one moment to the next. Depression vulnerability may be in the form of rumination being habitually triggered in response to momentary fluctuations in affect, with deleterious effect on mood. The findings may have clinical implications, as targeting the habitual nature of rumination might help reduce depression vulnerability.

Отношение малого бизнеса Курского региона к цифровой экономике: социологический анализ

The relevance of the study lies in the need to clarify the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy and to determine the most significant characteristics that this attitude. The results of expert interviews showed that some experts - representatives of small businesses - do not support the development of the digital economy. The purpose is clarification of the attitude of small business in the Kursk region to the digital economy. Objectives: determination of the attitude of small business to the development of the digital economy; determination of general, digital and habitual characteristics of small business in the region and study of their impact on attitudes towards the digital economy. Methodology. To accomplish the assigned tasks, the following methods were used: analysis of statistical information; small business questionnaire. The definition of the habitual structure of small business was made by comparing the orientation of the main disposition of the respondents and their effective capital. Results. 26 percent of entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process, 50 percent chose the answer "rather positively than negatively", 16 percent have a more negative than positive attitude, 4 percent have a negative attitude to the digital economy. The reference habitual structure of small business in the Kursk region shows that about 90 percent of small businesses can support the development of the digital economy and have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process. Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to assert that general and digital characteristics can have only a slight effect on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy, the main influence on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy is exerted by habitual characteristics. At the same time, the majority of respondents who expressed a negative attitude to the digitalization process have a “preservation” disposition orientation, and it is practically impossible to change their opinion. However, there are also a number of respondents whose expressed opinion may change when creating the necessary conditions for this, aimed at implementing habitual practices, which can be expressed in real events related to increasing digital indicators and awareness of the opportunities and support provided by the state for the development of the digital economy.

Opposition-Based Quantum Bat Algorithm to Eliminate Lower-Order Harmonics of Multilevel Inverters

Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique is used in power inverters to eliminate specific lower-order harmonics by determining optimum switching angles that are used to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals for multilevel inverter (MLI) switches. Various optimization algorithms have been developed to determine the optimum switching angles. However, these techniques are still trapped in local optima. This study proposes an opposition-based quantum bat algorithm (OQBA) to determine these optimum switching angles. This algorithm is formulated by utilizing habitual characteristics of bats. It has advanced learning ability that can effectively remove lower-order harmonics from the output voltage of MLI. It can eventually increase the quality of the output voltage along with the efficiency of the MLI. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with three different case studies involving 7, 11, and 17-level three-phase MLIs. The results are verified using both simulation and experimental studies. The results showed substantial improvement and superiority compared to other available algorithms both in terms of the harmonics reduction of harmonics and finding the correct solutions.

An experimental test of the habit-goal framework: Depressive rumination is associated with heightened habitual characteristics of negative thinking but not habit-directed behavior control

Habitual thinking may underpin a heightened disposition to engage in rumination in response to negative mood, a widely held notion that has rarely been directly tested. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether rumination is associated with habitual attributes and whether it is related to an imbalance in habit relative to goal-directed behavior control. University students (N=115) completed self-report questionnaires, a rumination induction paradigm and an outcome devaluation task that measures habitual vs goal-directed behavior control. Greater habitual characteristics of negative thinking (e.g., automaticity, lack of conscious awareness, control, and intent) were associated with ruminative brooding but not ruminative reflection and predicted more persistent dysphoric mood following rumination induction. Rumination was not, however, consistently associated with an imbalance in habit versus goal-directed behavior control. These findings indicate that depression vulnerability may be in the form of rumination being habitually triggered (without awareness or intent) with deleterious effects on mood. Although habitual, rumination may not be related to an imbalance in habit relative to goal-directed behavior control. These findings provide support for current theoretical accounts of rumination and set important boundary conditions in the search for specific factors that contribute to rumination as a habit.

The Implementaion of Habituation Method of Early Age Students and the Characteristics in the Islamic Boarding School of Salafiyah

This research is based on facts about the increasing of Islamic boarding school for early age students. Does the existence of the increase can be an institution that can accommodate the development of the mental of children? As a golden age, early ages become a very strategic entrance to the continuing of children education in the stage of elementary school to the next stages. To determine the level of effectiveness, it certainly depends on many factors, among which is the method that is applied by the manager of the boarding school. This study aims to explore and analyze the implementation of the habituation method to the early age students in Islamic Boarding School of Salafiyah, Proto, Kedungwuni, Pekalongan Regency. To uncover the data comprehensively, the researchers applied a qualitative approach, referring to the standard of field research. The source of data is obtained from the caretaker, teachers, and the representative of early age students randomly, through interviews, observations, and documentation study. To examine the validity of data, the researchers use triangulation of source of data, observation and theories. The technique of analyzing data is conducted through reduction, display, and verification of data. The results of the research showed that the application of the habituation method in daily activities for early age students emphasize on amaliyah diniyah yaumiyah. The habituation of students prioritizes daily ethics, taking ablution, praying in congregation, reciting the Koran, daily prayers, and maintaining cleanliness. However, the habituation has not concerned the cognitive domain in a standardized manner as the cognitive instructions are handed over to schools where students study formally; the boarding school is paid more attention to the affective and psychomotor domains. Their habitual characteristics take place naturally without any obvious standards. As a boarding school of early age students of Salafiyah, the students are more directed at habituation to live in the family as is usual. While the caretaker and teachers have run optimally like their parents themselves.

How Important Is Eating Rate in the Physiological Response to Food Intake, Control of Body Weight, and Glycemia?

The link between eating rate and energy intake has long been a matter of extensive research. A better understanding of the effect of food intake speed on body weight and glycemia in the long term could serve as a means to prevent weight gain and/or dysglycemia. Whether a fast eating rate plays an important role in increased energy intake and body weight depends on various factors related to the studied food such as texture, viscosity and taste, but seems to be also influenced by the habitual characteristics of the studied subjects as well. Hunger and satiety quantified via test meals in acute experiments with subsequent energy intake measurements and their association with anorexigenic and orexigenic regulating peptides provide further insight to the complicated pathogenesis of obesity. The present review examines data from the abundant literature on the subject of eating rate, and highlights the main findings in people with normal weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, with the aim of clarifying the association between rate of food intake and hunger, satiety, glycemia, and energy intake in the short and long term.

Aging Agents: Cross Generational Analysis of Behavior and Need Satisfaction Among Players of Tom Clancy\u2019s The Division 2

This research investigated the effect of age on players of an online multiplayer shooter. Through combining the data from two large scale surveys, we collected information regarding age, gaming habits, game rating and psychological need satisfaction for 8120 players of Tom Clancy’s The Division. Behavioral data extracted from the game’s tracking engine was then cross-referenced for different age groups to indicate motivational, behavioral and habitual characteristics of each age group. To find the importance of measured factors we employed a rank-based model for comparing independent sample means for intergenerational analysis (Kendall’s tau for non-parametric correlations) as well as multiple Machine Learning algorithms. Results found that different measures of playtime vary significantly among generations. Baby Boomers showed significantly higher playtime, days played and group playtime. Intergenerational comparison of perceived need satisfaction also found that older gamers feel more agentic, present in the narrative, closer to non-playable characters but less competent at the game. Percentage of group playtime also showed a decrease in older generations. Future research may expand cross generational analysis to other game types and include more granular behavioral measures.

Risk factors profile for liver damage in cardiac inpatients

Background/Aim. Liver damage, with potentially serious consequences, is not uncommon in hospitalized cardiac patients. The aim of our study was to determine the risk factor profile for liver damage in patients hospitalized from a deterioration of their acute or chronic cardiac illness. Methods. The study had observational case-control design with retrospective data collections from medical files of adult patients hospitalized in a tertiary health care center. The cases (n = 140) were subjects with novel liver injury (which emerged during hospital stay) and three control subjects were matched (age, date) for each case subject (n = 420). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity (present or absent) and independent variables were proposed risk factors. Statistical analysis included descriptive methods, hypothesis testing and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression, with p ? 0.05. Results. In the whole study population, there were 432 (77.1%) females and the mean age of patients was 64.1 years [standard deviation (SD) = 10.7, range 24?85 years]. The most common illnesses were coronary heart disease (n = 385), hypertension (n = 334) and arrhythmia (n = 115). Mean value of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was 3.8 (SD=1.7; range 1-10) corresponding to estimated CCI 10-years survival rate of 54.4% (SD = 33.5%). In the group of cases, 114 (81.4%) of the patients had hepatocellular, 9 (6.4%) cholestatic and 17 (12.2%) mixed type of hepatic injury. Factors independently associated with hepatotoxic event were previous occasional alcohol intake odds ratio (OR) 96.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 28.95?321.43; p < 0.001), amiodarone (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.82?7.53; p < 0.001), enoxaparin (OR 3.29; 95% CI 1.79?6.05; p < 0.001), obesity (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.15? 6.71; p < 0.023), atorvastatin (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.33?5.38; p < 0.006) and CCI total score (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.53?2.34; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Major factors associated with acute liver damage in patients hospitalized in cardiology ward of a tertiary health care institution were patient?s constitutional and habitual characteristics (occasional alcohol intake, obesity, CCI total score) and drugs with known hepatotoxic properties (amiodarone, enoxaparin, atorvastatin).

Love as a Verb (1 Cor 13:4–8a)

1 Corinthians 13:4–8a uses sixteen verbs (active in meaning and in the present tense) to express positive and negative characteristics of agapē (love). This choice of verbs sets Paul’s hymn to love apart from other passages where he presents characteristics of love but not through an exclusive use of verbs (e.g., Rom 12:9–21). Some commentators (e.g., Joseph Fitzmyer and Anthony Thiselton) note the apostle’s use of verbs in 1 Corinthians 13:4–8a, without discussing reasons for the choice. Other commentators, including Wolfgang Schrage, do not even observe the presence of sixteen verbs. With help from Daniel Wallace’s work on Greek grammar, this article argues that for Paul love consists not so much in a set of habitual characteristics but in doing (or refraining from doing) certain things. One might even say that love exists in action or it does not exist at all.

A Test of the Habit-Goal Framework of Depressive Rumination and Its Relevance to Cognitive Reactivity

The aim of the present study was to test predictions derived from the habit-goal framework of depressive rumination and investigate its relevance to cognitive reactivity—another well-known vulnerability factor to depression. Formerly depressed (FD; n=20) and never depressed (ND; n=22) participants completed self-report measures of rumination, cognitive reactivity, and habitual characteristics of rumination (e.g., lack of awareness, control, intent). A standard mood-induction task was also used to measure cognitive reactivity and an outcome-devaluation task to measure general habit vs. goal-directed behavior control. Habitual characteristics of ruminative thoughts were greater in the FD group and were related to depressive brooding and cognitive reactivity, but not reflective pondering. Reliance on habit on the outcome-devaluation task was strongly correlated with number of depression episodes, although group differences were not observed in general habit vs. goal-directed control. Habitual characteristics of rumination (e.g., greater automaticity) may explain reactivity and persistence of negative thoughts in depression. Habitual behavior control may contribute to inflexible responding and vulnerability for depression episodes.

Biometric Identification Technology and Development Trend of Physiological Characteristics

Biometric recognition is an interdisciplinary and comprehensive technology that combines computer technology with optics, acoustics, sensors and biostatistical technology closely, with the help of physiological and behavioral characteristics common to human beings to authenticate the identity of the individual. Physical characteristics are born with innate characteristics, while behavioral characteristics are habitual characteristics formed by long-term accumulation of behavior, most of them have acquired characteristics. Usually, fingerprints, hand, faces, iris, finger vein, DNA, palmprints and retinas are classified as human physiological characteristics.

Analyzing crowdsourcing to teach mobile crowdsensing a few lessons

In recent years, mobile computing has shown so much potential that one can see a boundary-blurring expansion between the physical and the digital world. In this context, one of the most sought after research areas is mobile crowdsensing. To realize the vision of crowdsensing, there is a plethora of work in the literature that focuses on the technical capabilities of a mobile device. However, an important and a critical problem that eludes literature is the issue of human participation. We base this argument on a very simple, yet powerful fact that a mobile device is still a person’s private property. Therefore, considering human mentality, can we expect a person to contribute all the time? In this respect, it is not feasible for a human dependent computational system to ignore the inevitable human factor and focus only on the mechanical properties. In this paper, we look into the often ignored human aspects and will study the problem from a psychological perspective. We take inspiration from the mature paradigm of crowdsourcing and discuss the importance of a few human factors that could teach us how to encourage user participation in mobile crowdsensing. Further, we also explore a person’s habitual characteristics that could help answer the decade’s old question: How to get quality responses from the crowd? We use a psycho-technological approach to observe, understand, and find a few details regarding human behavior in online systems. Lastly, we take inspiration from the analysis to present a roadmap that aids in engineering a better and effective crowdsensing platform.

Solving permutation flow-shop scheduling problem by rhinoceros search algorithm

In this paper, a novel meta-heuristic search algorithm inspired by rhinoceros’ natural behaviour is proposed, namely rhinoceros search algorithm (RSA). Similar to our earlier version called elephant search algorithm, RSA simplifies certain habitual characteristics of rhinoceros and stream-lines the search operations, thereby reducing the number of operational parameters required to configure the model. Via computer simulation, it is shown that RSA is able to outperform certain classical meta-heuristic algorithms. Different dimensions of optimization problems are tested, and good results are observed by RSA. The RSA is also implemented on permutation flow-shop scheduling problem (PFSP) with some representation method. Four different problem scales are used. Compared with partible swarm optimization (PSO) on PFSP, the RSA outperforms PSO on different problem scales with a 3% improvement.

Direct Clinical Health Effects of the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drink in Dutch Adolescents

ABSTRACTThe direct clinical health effects of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) consumption are largely unknown. Using data from a nationwide questionnaire, two groups were compared: adolescents who consumed an energy drink at the event (ED+) and adolescents who did not (ED–). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC), duration of loss of consciousness, mean age, sex ratio, and habitual characteristics did not differ between the groups. In the ED+ group, more adolescents had lower education and drugs were used twice as often. Consumption of AmED with relatively low doses of caffeine does not lead to higher BAC in Dutch adolescents presenting to the hospital with alcohol intoxication.