Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen Research Articles

Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori Morphological Forms in Gastric Biopsy and Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen

Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori Morphological Forms in Gastric Biopsy and Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen

A laboratory-based cross-sectional study about helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes.

Despite the numerous articles discussing the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) and chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection the results have been inconsistent, necessitating further research. This study investigated the coexistence of Helicobacter pylori infection and DMT2. We conducted a study in selected laboratories in Tehran, measuring the H.Pylori stool antigen (HpSA) in individuals referred by physicians for a glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test. Out of the 2500 patients who were referred to randomly selected laboratories, a total of 2025 (81%) patients had serum HbA1c levels above 6.5%. of 2025 patients with HbA1c levels above 6.5%, 1321 (52.84%) had HpSA in their stool. No significant gender difference was observed, with a mean age ± SD, 48.65 ± 7.55. HpSA was positive in 52.84% of the DM group, while in the non-DM group, HpSA was positive in 37.36% of cases. Fecal antigen titers are not related to gender (P = 0.274) but are related to age (r = 0.213, P=0.034). Long-term infection with Helicobacter pylori may be significantly associated with elevated HgA1c.Testing for H. pylori infection, regular monitoring of blood sugar and HbA1c levels in high-risk people can prevent DMT2.

Histopathological Changes in the Gall Bladder Mucosa Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis

Objective: To identify Helicobacter Pylori (HP) gastritis-associated histopathological changes in Gall Bladder (GB) mucosa in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology This prospective comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gastroenterology department of Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2021 to December 2022. The study included all patients admitted with a diagnosis of any Gall Bladder pathology and those who were electively scheduled for cholecystectomy. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence of HP: group A (HP positive) and group B (HP negative) in gastric mucosa before cholecystectomy. HP detection was performed using various methods, including HP stool antigen (HPSA), Urea breath test (UBT), HP antibodies, and biopsy confirmation through gastroscopy. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 42.88 ± 8.28 years, and in group B, it was 43.35 ± 8.74 years (p=0.458). According to the GB histological findings, Chronic cholecystitis with focal Cholesterolosis was significantly more common in group A (75.4%), while Chronic cholecystitis alone was significantly higher in group B (66.2%) (p=0.001). Dysplasia was observed more frequently in group B compared to group A. Erosion was more prevalent in group A, patients than in group B (p=0.001). Although symptom improvement in the HP positive group with persistent symptoms post-eradication was not statistically significant, it did show some improvement (p=0.527). Conclusion: The histological findings of chronic cholecystitis with focal Cholesterolosis were significantly higher in the HP positive group compared to the HP negative group, while chronic cholecystitis alone was significantly more common in the HP gastritis negative group. Some HP gastritis group patients experienced symptom improvement after HP eradication.

Population- and Gender-Based Investigation for Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Dhamar, Yemen.

Among 35 species of genus Helicobacter, H. pylori is the most common causative agent of human gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The infection can spread through direct human-to-human contact, fecal-oral route, and contaminated water. The study was designed to investigate the rate of prevalence of H. pylori in the population of Dhamar, Yemen. In this one-year study, 460 including 250 male and 210 female stool specimens were collected between January to December 2020 in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Of the total 460, 215 rural (male: n = 120 and female: n = 95) and 245 urban (male: n = 130 and female: n = 115) specimens were investigated for identification of H. pylori by serological test using Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. In addition, for comparing an improved recovery of H. pylori, conventional culture-based isolation was also carried out using three selective media. Modified Campy-blood Agar (MCA), Belo Horizonte Agar (BHA), and Egg yolk Emulsion (EYE) medium supplemented with antimicrobial agents including vancomycin (10 mg/L), cefsulodin (5 mg/L), trimethoprim (5 mg/L), and amphotericin B (5 mg/L) and isolates were phenotypically characterized. The HpSA test results revealed that of the total 460 specimens, 89 (19.3%) were positive for H. pylori with relatively low in male (n = 43; 17.2%) as compared to the female (n = 46; 21.9%) specimens. After 3-10 days of incubation, H. pylori was recovered at a variable rate on each selective (MCA: 16.5%; BHA: 15.0%; EYE: 13.0%) media. However, culture-based assay results showed less recovery (n = 81; 17.6%) with no significant difference among all selective media tested and between genders (male: n = 39; 15.6%; female: n = 42; 20.0%). The infection rate was comparatively higher in rural (n = 45; 20.9%) as compared to urban (n = 36; 14.7%) population. Overall, the study data showed the prevalence of infection in both genders of all age groups. The present study showed a relatively high rate of infection of H. pylori in the Dhamar population. The serological identification and culture-based methods are important for rapid detection, aid in treatment, and developing policies for the control and eradication of H. pylori infection and to prevent the disease in different age groups in Yemen.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Patients Attending the Gastroenterology Department in Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most pathogenic organisms that cause gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in humans. The main aim of this study was to determine the H. pylori infection among patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy and to compare the efficacy of the diagnostic method of H. pylori infection including invasive tests (biopsy-based tests like the rapid urease test (RUT), direct smear, and culture) and the noninvasive test (HpSA). A total of 100 stool samples and 200 gastric biopsy specimens were collected (2 samples from each patient) from June to November 2019. Stool samples were processed for the detection of an H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) by a kit method. One biopsy specimen was processed for the RUT, and another was transported to the laboratory in an Eppendorf tube containing normal saline for preparation of the smear and culture. Out of 100 participants, 26% were found to be H. pylori positive by the RUT, 11% by the direct smear, 6% by the culture, and 17% by the stool antigen test. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be 14%, considering at least two of the three biopsy-based tests that gave positive results. H. pylori infection was found to be higher in the age group of 46-55 years. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in gastric ulcer cases, followed by erosive pangastritis and gastroduodenitis. Tea drinking habits and the frequency of meal consumption more than twice a day were found to be significantly associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05). Hence, the RUT was found to be more efficient than the direct smear and the culture method for finding H. pylori in the biopsy sample. However, none of these methods can be considered to be the gold standard alone. Thus, the RUT combined with other tests is preferable for the detection of H. pylori.

Short-term consequences of Helicobacter pylori treatment in patients with oral lichen planus: A prospective study.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition with unknown etiology. This condition has been associated with Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the treatment of H. pylori infection and improvements in OLP lesions. In this cohort study, 42 patients with erosive or ulcerative OLP lesions were evaluated in terms of H. pylori infection using the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 12 H. pylori-negative patients. The second group consisted of 21 H. pylori-positive patients receiving antibacterial treatment. The third group included nine H. pylori-positive patients not willing to receive treatment. All the three groups underwent the usual OLP treatment. Patients in the second and third groups were re-evaluated by the HpSA test after two months. The efficacy indexes and visual analog scale were used to evaluate clinical improvements. The efficiency index and pain scores were affected by the intervention (P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that the severity index before treatment was significantly effective (OR=0.745 (95% CI: 0.602‒0.923; P=0.007). No statistical significance for factors affecting other variables (P>0.05) was obtained. Pain intensity was higher in patients with H. pylori than in those without H. pylori before treatment. Also, in patients with H. pylori, the treatment affects the complete recovery rate.

S3664 Russel Body Gastritis: When the Rare Meets the Odd

Introduction: The significance of chronic gastritis is underrated. Even though Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been the main contributing factor to this condition, if testing for it comes back negative, we should always rule out other underlying diseases, especially if the biopsy reveals Russell body (RB) gastritis. Case Description/Methods: A 67-year-old male with a past medical history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) on prednisone and eltrombopag, hypertension, and choledocholithiasis status post cholecystectomy complicated by abscess formation and drain placement, presented with worsening nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain for three days associated with early satiety and weight loss. His symptoms were not related to food or activity. Vital signs and physical exam were unremarkable except for right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness. Labs were remarkable for WBC 55 k/ul, HGB 11 g/dl, and PLT 90 k/ul. Full infectious workup was negative. CT scan showed massive splenomegaly with widespread lymphadenopathy and circumferential wall thickening of the gastric fundus and body. An upper endoscopy was performed and revealed diffuse gastric erythema in a mosaic pattern, most pronounced in the body of the stomach (Fig. 1a). Biopsies were obtained from the gastric antrum and body. Gastric body biopsies revealed gastric oxyntic mucosa with RB gastritis (Fig. 1b), and it was negative for HP, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or malignancy. Kappa and lambda immunohistochemistry stain showed a polyclonal mixed population of plasma cells (Fig. 1c), indicating no underlying malignancy. HP stool antigen was checked twice, and it was negative. His WBC continued to rise, and bone marrow (BM) biopsy was performed. Findings were suspicious for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorder; however, a reactive process could not be ruled out. Since the patient's condition significantly deteriorated, a repeat BM biopsy revealed morphological changes consistent with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). After discussing goals of care with the patient, he opted for hospice care and expired after three days.Figure 1.: (a) An upper endoscopy showing diffuse punctuate gastric erythema with mucosal mosaic pattern. (b) A high power stomach biopsy with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain showing atypical plasma cells with Russell bodies (yellow arrow) which are eosinophilic homogeneous immunoglobulin-containing inclusions. (c) A high power stomach biopsy with kappa and lambda immunohistochemistry stain showing polyclonal mixed population of plasma cells (positive for both kappa and lambda). Discussion: RB gastritis is a reactive mucosal infiltration of plasma cells filled with cytoplasmic RB. There is a strong association with HP infection, but there is also an association with hematopoietic malignancies and gastric adenocarcinoma. Our case represents the vital importance of looking for underlying malignancies in HP negative RB gastritis patients.

Comparison of Stool Antigen Test with Histopathology of Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies for Detection for Helicobacter Pylori; A Hospital-Based Study

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA) test keeping histopathology as gold standard.&#x0D; Study Design: This is a cross sectional observational study.&#x0D; Place and Duration: This study was performed from Jan 2015 to Mar 2020 at Najran Armed Forces Hospital, kingdom of Saudi Arabia.&#x0D; Methodology: Total 151 patients in whom HpSA was done were included in the study. They were followed for their results of histopathology on gastric biopsies.&#x0D; Results: Among 151 patients 85(56.3%) were females and 66 (43.7%) were males. Mean age was 40 years. Forty three (28.5%) patients were positive for both HpSA and on histology, Fifteen (9.9%) patients were positive on HpSA test but negative on histology. Twenty two (14.6%) patients were negative on HpSA but they were positive on histology. Seventy one (47%) patients were negative both on HpSA and histology. The sensitivity and specificity were 66.1% and 82.5% respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 74.1% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.3% for HpSA. Diagnostic accuracy for this test was 75.5%.&#x0D; Conclusion: Keeping in view the low sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy HpSA test cannot be used as screening tool in all patients, however it can be used for clinical correlation in setups where other diagnostic tests are not available due to the simplicity of its use, low cost and easy repeatability

Nitazoxanide-based therapeutic regimen as a novel treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents: a randomized trial.

Antibiotic resistance and poor patient compliance with treatment cause Helicobacter pylori to show increased resistance to typical first-line therapeutic regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the new nitazoxanide-based treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection vs. the current metronidazole-based regimens to address the problem of increasing metronidazole resistance. This randomized clinical trial enrolled 100 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group I received nitazoxanide-based triple therapy (nitazoxanide, proton pump inhibitor, and clarithromycin) for 14 days, whereas group II received standard treatment (metronidazole, omeprazole, and clarithromycin) for 14 days. On enrollment and after six weeks of treatment, all patients underwent careful history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations (complete blood count, liver and renal function tests), and Helicobacter pylori stool antigen testing. Of the patients, 92% in the nitazoxanide group and 84% in the metronidazole group recovered from infection, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Patients in the nitazoxanide group showed a 54% lower risk of resistant infection (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.161-1.555) than those in the metronidazole group. The nitazoxanide-based therapeutic regimen produced higher eradication rates than the standard treatment. However, the difference was not substantial in this particular group of patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Serologic (IGG) in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori among Patients of Dyspepsia by Taking Stool Antigen (HPSA) as Gold Standard

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serologic (IgG) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori among patients of dyspepsia by taking Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA) as the gold standard. Material and methods: The study was conducted in Microbiology Department, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi with the collaboration of gastroenterology OPD. All the patients with a history of dyspepsia, above 25 years of age and of either gender were included. After taking informed consent the clinical samples of blood and stool from patients were taken. A 6 ml venous blood was taken from the antecubital vein for detecting IgG antibody to H. pylori. Stool samples were collected for detecting H. pylori antigen in a wide mouth, sterile, leak proof container properly labeled by serial number and stool samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C up to 72h. On the specimens containing H. pylori antibodies, a colored line appeared in the test line region consider a positive result. H. pylori antigen was detected in stool (HpSA) by rapid chromatographic immunoassay. During analysis, the specimen responds with an anti-H. pylori antibody-coated particle. By capillary action, the mixture migrates upward on the membrane, reacting with anti-H. pylori antibodies on the membrane to produce a colorful line. A positive result is indicated by the presence of this colored line in the test zone, whereas a negative result is indicated by its absence. All the data were obtained using a study proforma, and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 210 patients presented with dyspepsia were studied, their mean age was 49.07±10.97 and females were in majority (71.9%). H. Pylori was positive among 137 cases, those who underwent serological test (IgG) and 127 were positive for stool antigen (HpSA). The diagnostic accuracy of serological test (IgG) was found 95.23% by taking Stool Antigen (HpSA) test gold standard followed by sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 87.95%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of serological test (IgG) was found 95.23% by taking Stool Antigen (HpSA) test gold standard followed by sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 87.95%. Key words: H. pylori, diagnosis, IgG, Stool antigen

The Stool Antigen Test is Efficient at Detecting Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bangladeshi Peptic Ulcer Patients

Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary causative agent of peptic ulcers in multiple developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic value of a rapid immunochromatography-based H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) test to screen for H. pylori infection in a Bangladeshi population. Methodology and results: A total of 140 suspected peptic ulcer patients who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh were included in the study. A histopathology, rapid urease test (RUT), and microscopic examination of the stained smears were conducted to define the H. pylori-positive cases. Later, a stool antigen detection test was performed for the H. pylori-positive status group, the H. pylori-negative status group, the indeterminate status group, and the healthy controls. Out of the 140 suspected peptic ulcer patients, 75 (53.6%) patients were confirmed to have peptic ulcers or erosions. Although the proportion of antral erosion was 57.4% in patients who were under 40 years old, it decreased to 23.4% in patients over 40 years old. Patients over 40 years of age mostly suffered from pyloric erosion (42.9%). All peptic ulcer patients were also positive according to the histopathological analysis. However, microscopic grading of the curved bacilli and RUT were found among 93.3% (70/75) and 89.3% (67/75) patients who were positive, respectively. In our study, high sensitivity (95%), specificity (80%), and diagnostic accuracy (91%) scores for the HpSAg assay were obtained. Conclusions, significance, and impact of the studies: The HpSAg test, as a comparatively less sophisticated assay, can be efficient at detecting the presence of H. pylori pre- and post-therapy, and it provides more valid test results than other invasive test methods.

HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS IN CHITWAN, NEPAL

Background: Helicobacter pylori are gram-negative bacillus that colonizes the gastrointestinal mucosa. Dyspepsia is a clinical syndrome including manifestations related to the upper gastrointestinal tract, which may include acute, chronic, or recurrent pain or discomfort. Understanding the prevalence and the factors associated with H. pylori seropositivity in dyspeptic persons can provide a guide for health policies. Aim of the research was to study the prevalence and factors associated with H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients in Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at CMC-TH from July 2019 to June 2021. A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was employed to collect 510 Stool samples from the suspected patients for the detection of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) following the procedures recommended by the manufacturer. A standard questionnaire on the potential risk factors was also designated and completed. Chi-square test was used to study the association of H. pylori colonization with symptoms, life-style findings and socio-economic status. p&lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: HpSAg was detected in 20.0%. Prevalence was higher (25.0%) among males compared to females (15.56%). Prevalence was higher among middle-aged (21-60 years) people with smoking, alcohol, and tobacco consumption habits. Socioeconomic conditions and family size play an important role in the prevalence. Nausea, sour eructation, bloating, heartburn, and bleaching were the common symptoms among dyspeptic patients. Conclusions: The burden of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia was high. Factors associated with an elevated level of colonization by H. pylori leading to dyspepsia are low income, education up to the primary, habits like smoking, alcohol, and tobacco consumption.

Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients with Dyspepsia by Stool Antigen and Serology Tests

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection globally and is the underlying cause of many disorders, including dyspepsia. Also, the prevalence of gastric cancer in Zanjan city is high. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia by the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients over 18 years of age who were referred to Shafieieh Special Clinic in Zanjan with dyspepsia during 2019-2020. First, the HpSA test was examined for H. pylori infection. Since the results of two separate tests are needed to prove that H. pylori infection is negative, the serological test was used in the patients with HpSA negative results. Results: Based on the demographic information of the present study, most patients (70.1%) were under 40 years old, and most (55.1%) were women. Smoking, alcohol, drug, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in patients were 16.5%, 6.3%, 7.9%, and 39.4%, respectively. The highest and lowest symptoms were abdominal pain (44.9%) and burp (22%), respectively. Except for the relationship between positive serological results and age (P˂0.001), no significant relationship was found between other variables (P≥0.05). Based on the HpSA test, H. pylori infection was seen in 56.7% of patients. By the serological test, another 29 patients had H. pylori infection. Therefore, the total number of patients was 101, and the overall prevalence of H. pylori increased to 79.5%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was high compared to previous studies. Also, above the age of 40 years, female gender in HpSA test and male gender in serology test, higher education level, and the presence of risk factors (smoking, alcohol, and NSAIDs) have a higher positive test for H. pylori.

Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients with Dyspepsia by Stool Antigen and Serology Tests

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection globally and is the underlying cause of many disorders, including dyspepsia. Also, the prevalence of gastric cancer in Zanjan city is high. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia by the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients over 18 years of age who were referred to Shafieieh Special Clinic in Zanjan with dyspepsia during 2019-2020. First, the HpSA test was examined for H. pylori infection. Since the results of two separate tests are needed to prove that H. pylori infection is negative, the serological test was used in the patients with HpSA negative results. Results: Based on the demographic information of the present study, most patients (70.1%) were under 40 years old, and most (55.1%) were women. Smoking, alcohol, drug, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in patients were 16.5%, 6.3%, 7.9%, and 39.4%, respectively. The highest and lowest symptoms were abdominal pain (44.9%) and burp (22%), respectively. Except for the relationship between positive serological results and age (P˂0.001), no significant relationship was found between other variables (P≥0.05). Based on the HpSA test, H. pylori infection was seen in 56.7% of patients. By the serological test, another 29 patients had H. pylori infection. Therefore, the total number of patients was 101, and the overall prevalence of H. pylori increased to 79.5%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was high compared to previous studies. Also, above the age of 40 years, female gender in HpSA test and male gender in serology test, higher education level, and the presence of risk factors (smoking, alcohol, and NSAIDs) have a higher positive test for H. pylori.

Impact of eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura

BackgroundAlthough some investigators have confirmed the association between H. pylori and chronic ITP in adults, studies in pediatric patients are still few and have produced conflicting results. The study was carried out to detect the prevalence of H. pylori among chronic ITP children and to investigate the impact of treatment of H. pylori infection on platelet count response.ResultsThe prevalence of H. pylori in chronic ITP children was 63%. The platelet count was statistically significantly higher among H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA)-negative children. A significant difference was reported in which platelet count increased from 70.55 ± 4.788 million/μL before H. pylori eradication therapy to 110.78 ± 15.128 million/μL after therapy.ConclusionWe concluded that H. pylori eradication therapy was effective in increasing platelet count in H. pylori-positive chronic ITP patients.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children with primary nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Limited data are available about the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection among primary NS children. To assess the frequency and risk factors of H.pylori infection among children with primary NS. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt during the period from 2017 to 2019 including 100 NS children (NS group) and 100 healthy controls. NS group included 88 steroid sensitive (SSNS) and 12 steroid resistant (SRNS) cases. All patients were assessed for H.pylori infection using H.pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square, fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests. With regard to HpSA test results, no significant differences were detected between control and NS groups (p = 0.193) and between SSNS and SRNS groups (p = 0.286). Concerning total biopsied cases and MCD (proven plus presumed) cases, no significant differences were found between those with positive and negative HpSA test (p = 0.648 and 0.126, respectively). The high dose of steroid therapy was associated with a higher risk of H.pylori infection among NS group (Odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-11.3). The current study negates the increased risk of H.pylori infection in children with primary NS.

The frequency of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen in patients with different types of vitiligo in Iraqi Patients

The frequency of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen in patients with different types of vitiligo in Iraqi Patients

The Relationship Between Recurrent Abdominal Pain and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children

This study aimed to determine the relationship between recurrent abdominal pain and Helicobacter pylori infection in children. The cross sectional study was conducted 56 children. Subjects were children between aged 2-18 years with complaints of abdominal pain based on the Rome IV criteria according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Interview was carried out to establish the diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined based on Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen (HPSA) test measurements.From 56 samples, there were 36 children with positive HPSA and 20 children with negative HPSA. Symptoms of abdominal pain occurred in 16 children (44.4%) in the HPSA positive group, while in the HPSA negative group all had abdominal pain. There was a significant association between abdominal pain symptoms and H. pylori infection (p <0.001).

Comparison of the Accuracy of Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HPSA) Test with Campylobacter Like Organism (CLO) Test in Diagnostic of Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis in Children

This study aimed to find the accuracy of the HPSA test with the CLO test in diagnosing helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. The cross sectional study conducted on 57 children with gastritis in October 2019 up to May 2020. Subject were children between two until eighteen years old who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HPSA examination was performed on the patient's stool sample using rapid immunochromatographic monoclonal antibody test for qualitative detection of H. pylori bacteria in human feces. From 57 samples, there were 37 children positively infected H. pillory. There were no difference in characteristics in the study population. The diagnostic value of the HPSA test showed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.8% and 95%. The positive and negative predictive value are 96.9% and 76% (PPV and NPV) with positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR + and LR -) are 16.76% and 0.17%, and an accuracy value of 87.7%.

Effectiveness of Probiotic on Eradication Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis in Children

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the causes of intestinal and gastric ulcers or one of the factors causing gastric malignancy. The prevalence of H. pylori infection is more than 80% in developing countries. Probiotics provide beneficial effects on the host?s health when administered in an adequate amount. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are the most commonly used as probiotics. H.pylori colonization is interfered with by regular ingestion of L. acidophilus, and the urea breath test values decreased by approximately 10% four weeks after treatment. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of probiotic in eradication of H. pylori gastritis in children along with triple therapy Methods: This clinical trial design in children with H. pylori gastritis in a network hospital in Medan. Sampling was carried out from August 2019 - April 2020 with randomization techniques and double-blind in children suffering from H. pylori gastritis based on history, physical examination, H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test and endoscopy. Mc Nemar test analysis was performed to assess the difference effectiveness of drugs in the two groups. Result: From 33 children who received probiotics 31 children eradicated and from 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 29 children were eradicated. From 33 children who received probiotics, 6 children had side effects. From 31 children who did not receive probiotics, 22 children had side effects such as nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There was no significant difference between probiotics and triple therapy with only triple therapy (p = 1,000). However, there was a significant difference in reducing the side effects of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in the probiotic group (p = 0.015). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between administering probiotics plus triple therapy with triple therapy only to eradicate H. pylori gastritis in children. However, there were significant differences in the probiotic group in reducing the symptoms of side effects.