Gynecological Malignant Tumors Research Articles

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor inhibits cervical cancer progression via regulating macrophage phenotype.

Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic malignant tumor, but the critical factors affecting cervical cancer progression are still not well demonstrated. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has been widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory factor to regulate macrophage polarization. In this study, the effect and mechanism of MANF on cervical cancer were preliminarily explored. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to show the overall survival time of the involved cervical cancer patients with high and low MANF expression in cervical cancer tissues. MANF was highly expressed in peritumoral tissues of cervical carcinoma by using immunohistochemistry and western blot. MANF mRNA level was detected by using qRT-PCR. Dual-labeled immunofluorescence showed MANF was mainly expressed in macrophages of cervical peritumoral tissues. Moreover, MANF-silenced macrophages promoted HeLa and SiHa cells survival, migration, invasion and EMT via NF-κB signaling activation. The results of tumor formation in nude mice indicated MANF-silenced macrophages promoted cervical tumor formation in vivo. Our study reveals an inhibitory role of MANF in cervical cancer progression, indicating MANF as a new and valuable therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.

Phosphorylation of FOXK2 at Thr13 and Ser30 by PDK2 sustains glycolysis through a positive feedback manner in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors with insidious onset, strong invasiveness, and poor prognosis. Metabolic alteration, particularly aerobic glycolysis, which is tightly regulated by transcription factors, is associated with the malignant behavior of OC. We screened FOXK2 in this study as a key transcription factor that regulates glycolysis in OC. FOXK2 is overly expressed in OC, and poor prognosis is predicted by overexpression. FOXK2 promotes OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and cell migration in vitro. Further studies showed that PDK2 directly binds to the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of FOXK2 to phosphorylate FOXK2 at Thr13 and Ser30, thereby enhancing the transcriptional activity of FOXK2. FOXK2 transcriptionally regulates the expression of PDK2, thus forming positive feedback to sustain glycolysis in OC cells.

Study on the Profiles of Sleep Disorders, Associated Factors, and Pathways Among Gynecological Cancer Patients - A Latent Profile Analysis.

Gynecological cancer generally refers to malignant tumors in gynecology, commonly including cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Patients with gynecological cancer often suffer from sleep disorders after clinical treatment. Except for serious sleep disorders, female characteristics, family roles, and feudal beliefs make their self-stigma at a medium to high level, leading to huge pressure. This study aims to identify potential categories of sleep disorders, and analyze the relationship between self-stigma, perceived stress, and sleep disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022. Two hundred and two patients' data were collected from ShengJing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University in Liaoning, Shenyang by using paper questionnaires for face-to-face surveys. The survey tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Social Impact Scale (SIS). Potential profile analysis (LPA), multiple logistic regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed by Mplus 8.3, SPSS 26.0, and Amos 24.0 statistical tools, respectively. Three latent patterns of sleep disorders were found: "Good Sleep group (42.5%)", "Sleep Deficiency group (32.4%)", and "Sleep Disturbance group (25.1%)". Patients with high perceived stress were more likely to report a moderate (OR=1.142, 95% CI: 1.061-1.230) or high (OR=1.455, 95% CI: 1.291-1.640) level of sleep disorders. Self-stigma did not have a direct effect on sleep disorders (0.055, P>0.05), but it could have indirect effect on sleep disorders through perceived stress (0.172, P<0.01). The perceptions of sleep disorders among gynecological cancer patients varies and exhibits individual differences. Gynecological cancer patients who feels alienated or discriminated may cause high pressure. This internal pressure can exacerbate sleep disorders.

Machine learning models for prediction of postoperative venous thromboembolism in gynecological malignant tumor patients.

To identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days after hysterectomy among gynecological malignant tumor patients, and to explore the value of machine learning (ML) models in VTE occurrence prediction. A total of 1087 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with gynecological malignant tumors were included in this single-center retrospective study and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 870) and the test dataset (n = 217). Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of postoperative VTE in the training dataset. Machine learning models (including decision tree (DT) model and logistic regression (LR) model) to predict the occurrence of postoperative VTE were constructed and internally validated. The incidence of developing 30-day postoperative VTE was 6.0% (65/1087). Age, previous VTE, length of stay (LOS), tumor stage, operative time, surgical approach, lymphadenectomy (LND), intraoperative blood transfusion and gynecologic Caprini (G-Caprini) score were identified as risk factors for developing postoperative VTE in gynecological malignant tumor patients (p < 0.05). The AUCs of LR model and DT model for predicting VTE were 0.722 and 0.950, respectively. The ML models, especially the DT model, constructed in our study had excellent prediction value and shed light upon its further application in clinic practice.

Germ cell-specific gene 2 accelerates cell cycle in epithelial ovarian cancer by inhibiting GSK3α-p27 cascade

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors with rapid growth potential and poor prognosis, however, the molecular mechanism underlying its outgrowth remained elusive. Germ cell-specific gene 2 (GSG2) was previously reported to be highly expressed in ovarian cancer and was essential for the growth of EOC. In this study, GSG2-knockdown cells and GSG2-overexpress cells were established through lentivirus-mediated transfection with Human ovarian cancer cells HO8910 and SKOV3. Knockdown of GSG2 inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest in EOC. Interestingly, the expression of p27, a well-known regulator of the cell cycle showed a most significant increase after GSG2 knockdown. Further phosphorylation-protein array demonstrated the phosphorylation of GSK3αSer21 decreased in GSG2-knockdown cells to the most extent. Notably, inhibiting GSK3α activity effectively rescued GSG2 knockdown’s suppression on cell cycle as well as p27 expression in EOC. Our study substantiates that GSG2 is able to phosphorylate GSK3α at Ser21 and then leads to the reduction of p27 expression, resulting in cell cycle acceleration and cell proliferation promotion. Thus, GSG2 may have the potential to become a promising target in EOC.

Co-existence of Ovarian Teratomas With Other Gynecological Tumors.

This study aims to investigate the co-existence of ovarian teratomas with other benign or malignant gynecological tumors in women who underwent gynecological surgery. We retrospectively reviewed all women who underwent gynecological surgery over a 15-year period. Pre-operative, surgical, and histological records were obtained from women who presented with gynecological pathology, aiming to discover a possible link between ovarian teratomas and other gynecological tumors. Of the total patient sample, 288 (8.2%) had a mature teratoma, and 9 (0.3%) had an immature teratoma. The mean age was 38.0±13.3 years and 30.9±11.1 years, respectively. Women with mature teratoma showed a positive correlation with struma ovarii (SO, p=0.001). Moreover, we reported a positive linear relationship between struma ovarri and thecoma. Of the 288 women with a mature teratoma, 1 (0.3%) had co-existent endometrioid ovarian cancer, and 1 (0.3%) had borderline cancer. There were 14 women (4.9%) with a co-existent serous cystadenoma, 7 (2.4%) with a mucin cystadenoma, 1 (0.3%) with a thecoma, 4 (1.4%) with struma ovarii, 3 (1.0%) had Brenner cyst, 3 (1.0%) had ovarian fibroma, 2 had endometriosis (0.7%), and 8 (2.8%) had endometriomas. Of a total of nine women with immature teratomas, one (11.1%) had a serous cystadenoma. Ovarian teratomas may co-exist with other gynecological diseases. Our study reports various cases of the co-existence of several gynecological tumors with teratomas.

Abstract 3640: RAB26 accelerates endometrial cancer cell progression by regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway

Abstract As one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors, endometrial cancer (EC) is continuously being studied since its etiology is still not clear. RAB26, a member of the RAB family, has been shown to influence cell proliferation, metastasis and other malignant phenotypes in several cancers. However, whether and how RAB26 plays roles in EC remain unknown. Our previous study showed that RAB26 was related to the cell cycle-associated protein IK, which has been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis. Herein, we further explored the clinical significance and biological function of RAB26 in EC. Immunohistochemical staining of 615 endometrial tissue samples was conducted to explore whether RAB26 expression was related to the clinicopathological characteristics of EC. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the role of RAB26 in EC and investigate the underlying mechanism. RAB26 expression was higher in EC than in normal endometrium (NE), hyperplastic endometrium (HE) and atypical hyperplastic endometrium (AHE). High RAB26 expression was positively correlated with tumor histological grade (P=0.010), FIGO stage (P=0.042) and tumor size (P=0.003) in EC. RAB26 attenuation inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis but promoted cell apoptosis and caused G0/G1 arrest. After RAB26 attenuation, RNA sequencing data showed that the Hedgehog signaling (SHH) pathway was enriched. Further western blot results confirmed that the levels of SHH pathway proteins (SHH, PTCH1, smo and Gli1) decreased as RAB26 expression was attenuated. Moreover, an agonist of the SHH pathway, purmorphamine, blocked the inhibitory effect of RAB26 attenuation on EC progression. The results of an in vivo study also showed that RAB26 attenuation exerted a significant antitumor effect. Accordingly, RAB26 may act as an oncogenic protein to promote EC progression through the SHH pathway. RAB26 may be a potential target for the treatment of EC patients. Citation Format: Chao Gao, Yanyan Liu, Yanyan Han, Fengxia Xue, Yingmei Wang. RAB26 accelerates endometrial cancer cell progression by regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3640.

The impact of short-term multimodal prehabilitation on functional capacity in patients with gynecologic malignancies during the perioperative period: A prospective study

PurposeTo explore the effect of a short-term, hospital-based, multimodal preoperative prehabilitation intervention on perioperative functional ability of patients with gynecological malignant tumors. MethodsAccording to the order in which they underwent surgery, 97 patients were divided into the control group (48 cases) and the intervention group (49 cases). The control group was given routine preoperative guidance, whereas the intervention group was given short-term multimodal prehabilitation guidance on the basis of the control group intervention. The 6-min walk test was performed on the day of admission to the hospital, the day before surgery, and the 30th day after surgery. ResultsCompared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly better 6-min walk distance and superior physical and psychological status on the day before surgery and the 30th day after surgery (P < 0.001). For three consecutive days after surgery, the quality of recovery in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the first ambulation time and exhaust time were achieved earlier in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe preoperative intervention group showed improved preoperative exercise ability and reduced anxiety in patients with gynecological cancer. Furthermore, this intervention improved the overall health of patients and accelerated their postoperative recovery.

Can serum ferritin serve as a biomarker for the prognosis of gynecological malignant tumors? A retrospective cohort study.

It is widely accepted that there is a strong relationship between iron levels and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels and the severity and prognosis of gynecological malignant tumors. This retrospective study included patients with gynecological malignant tumors at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from January 2013 to June 2019. Patients were grouped according to their serum ferritin level: low (< 13μg/L), normal (13-150μg/L), and high (> 150μg/L). Correlation analyses were performed between serum ferritin level and other factors. Cox univariable and multivariable analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess the impact of ferritin on survival in patients with gynecologic tumors. The 402 total patients were divided into a low (n= 37), normal (n= 182), and high (n= 183) ferritin level group. Correlation analyses were performed that WBC, MCV, CRP, CA125, and CA153 were significantly positively correlated with serum ferritin level. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that of the three groups analyzed, the high serum ferritin level group had a significantly shorter survival time versus the normal and low serum ferritin level groups (log-rank P= 0.003). Univariable Cox regression analysis identified that patients with high serum ferritin levels had a significant correlation with risk of death compared to the patients with lower and normal serum ferritin levels. Serum ferritin was not found to be significant (HR = 0.792, 95% CI: 0.351-1.787, P= 0.574) in the multivariable Cox analysis. Although this study did not find serum ferritin to be a significant independent prognosis indicator in gynecological malignant tumors, this study did identify that gynecological malignant tumor patients with high serum ferritin levels have significantly less survival time than patients with low or normal serum ferritin levels.

Trifluoromethyl quinoline derivative targets inhibiting HDAC1 for promoting the acetylation of histone in cervical cancer cells

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignant tumors, especially due to the poor prognosis of patients with advanced tumors due to recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, exploring new antineoplastic drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity may bring new expectations in patients with cervical cancer. Natural products and their derivatives exert an antitumor activity. Therefore, in this work, combined with network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation, we investigated the anti-cervical cancer activity and molecular mechanism of a new trifluoromethyl quinoline (FKL) derivative in vivo and in vitro. FKL117 inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and regulated the expression of the apoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin B1, and CDC2. We used online databases to obtain HDAC1 as one of the possible targets of FKL117 and the target binding and binding affinity were modeled by molecular docking. The results showed that FKL117 formed a hydrogen bond with HDAC1 and had good binding ability. We found that FKL117 targeted to inhibit the expression and function of HDAC1 and increased the acetylation of histone H3 and H4, which was also confirmed in vivo. The migration of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm further verified the above results. In conclusion, our study suggested that FKL117 might be used as a novel candidate for targeting the inhibition of HDAC1 against cervical cancer.

Retracted: Psychological Nursing Effect of Patients with Gynecological Malignant Tumor.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1569656.].

Glucose metabolism reprogramming in gynecologic malignant tumors.

The incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors are progressively increasing due to factors such as obesity, viral infection, unhealthy habits, as well as social and economic pressures. Consequently, it has emerged as a significant threat to women's health. Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable metabolic activity of tumor cells in glycolysis and its ability to influence malignant biological behavior through specific mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial for patients and gynecologists to comprehend the role of glycolytic proteins, regulatory molecules, and signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. This article aims to review the correlation between abnormal glucose metabolism and gynecologic tumors including cervical cancer (CC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), and ovarian cancer (OC). The findings from this research will provide valuable scientific insights for early screening, timely diagnosis and treatment interventions while also aiding in the prevention of recurrence among individuals with gynecological tumors.

Insights into the Microbial Composition of Intratumoral, Reproductive Tract, and Gut Microbiota in Ovarian Cancer Patients.

According to the latest global cancer data, ovarian cancer is the deadliest among all gynecological malignant tumors and ranks fifth in terms of mortality. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is only 40% (Sung et al. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209-49, 2021). Recent research has shown that the human microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Numerous studies have highlighted the complex connections between the reproductive tract microbiota, intestinal microbiota, and ovarian cancer (Jacobson et al. PeerJ 9:e11574, 2021). Therefore, this chapter will delve into composition, function, and the correlation between microbiota and immunity in the field of ovarian cancer microbiota, as well as the potential of bacteria in therapeutics and diagnostics of ovarian cancer.

LncRNA linc01194 promotes the progress of endometrial carcinoma by up-regulating SOX2 through binding to IGF2BP1.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. Our study showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) linc01194 plays an important role in EC. We explored the mechanism of lncRNA linc01194 in EC. The expression of lncRNA linc01194 was detected in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and starBase database. The potential targeted protein of linc01194 was predicted through the starBase database. To determine the role of linc01194 in EC, we downregulated or upregulated the level of linc01194 in EC cell lines and analyzed the cell behaviors and the changes of its potential target proteins. The expression of linc01194 in EC tissues is higher than that in normal endometrial tissues. The knockdown of linc01194 inhibited the cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted the apoptosis of EC cells, while overexpression of linc01194 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration and inhibited the apoptosis of EC cells. The starBase database revealed that linc01194 could bind to insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1). Previous results showed that in EC, IGF2BP1 could promote the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) by promoting the stability of SOX2 mRNA. Our results showed that linc01194 regulate the expression of IGF2BP1 and SOX2. Linc01194 can promote the expression of downstream protein SOX2 through binding to IGF2BP1, thus promoting the occurrence and development of EC.

Comprehensive analysis of autophagy associated genes and immune infiltrates in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The progression of CC is significantly affected by autophagy. Our objective was to use bioinformatics analysis to explore the expression, prognostic significance, and immune infiltration of autophagy-related genes in CC. We identified a set of autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. ARDEGs were further validated by The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), GSE52903, and GSE39001 dataset. Hub genes were found by the STRING network and Cytoscape. We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene ontology analysis (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and immune infiltration analysis to further understand the functions of the hub genes. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to check the hub genes. A total of 10 up-regulated (CXCR4, BAX, SPHK1, EIF2AK2, TBK1, TNFSF10, ITGB4, CDKN2A, IL24, and BIRC5) and 19 down-regulated (PINK1, ATG16L2, ATG4D, IKBKE, MLST8, MAPK3, ERBB2, ULK3, TP53INP2, MTMR14, BNIP3, FOS, CCL2, FAS, CAPNS1, HSPB8, PTK6, FKBP1B , and DNAJB1) ARDEGs were identified. The ARDEGs were enriched in cell growth, apoptosis, human papillomavirus infection, and cytokine-mediated. Then, we found that low expression of MAPK3 was associated with poor prognosis in CC patients and was significantly enriched in immune pathways. In addition, the expression of MAPK3 was significantly positively correlated with the infiltration levels of macrophages, B cells, mast cell activation, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, MAPK3 was positively correlated with LGALS9, and negatively correlated with CTLA4 and CD40. Our results show that MAPK3 can be used as a new prognostic biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with CC.

Efficacy of ABCA1 Transporter Proteins in Patients with Endometrial Cancer: an In Vitro Study.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a typical gynecological malignant tumor that occurs more frequently every year. Obesity is a significant contributor to the development of EC and its prognosis. Lipid metabolism and malignant tumors have a long history of association. Elevated cholesterol levels are made possible by adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) deficiency, which eventually promotes cancer cell survival. The aim of this study was to examine at the ABCA1 gene expression levels in EC patients. The relationship between ABCA1 and the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of EC is discussed in this article as a potential mechanism. The samples of 45 endometrial adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively included in this study and they were further divided into Grade 1 (15), Grade 2 (15), Grade 3 (15) tumors, control group. Twenty-nine endometrial tissues without a confirmed diagnosis of endometrial cancer made up the control group. ABCA1 gene expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to the results, the gene expressions of the patient group were higher than the control group When each Grade was compared with the control group, statistically significant results were obtained. After analyzing the data, it was found that the patient group was generally higher than the control group (p < 0.05) and there were differences in the grades of the patient group (p < 0.05). When the ABCA1 expressions of the grade groups and control groups were compared separately, a difference was found between Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3 and the control group (p= 0.0001). According to the findings of our study, a key component in the growth of EC tumors is the increase in cholesterol production caused by a reduction in ABCA1.

LLGL2 Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Metastasis by Regulating Cytoskeleton Remodeling via ACTN1.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. Although debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and PARP inhibitors have greatly improved survival, the prognosis for patients with advanced EOC without HRD is still poor. LLGL2, as a cell polarity factor, is involved in maintaining cell polarity and asymmetric cell division. In the study of zebrafish development, LLGL2 regulated the proliferation and migration of epidermal cells and the formation of cortical F-actin. However, the role of LLGL2 in ovarian cancer has not been described. Our study found, through bioinformatics analysis, that low expression of LLGL2 was significantly associated with a more advanced stage and a higher grade of EOC and a poorer survival of patients. Functional experiments that involved LLGL2 overexpression and knockdown showed that LLGL2 inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, without affecting their proliferation. LLGL2-overexpressing mice had fewer metastatic implant foci than the controls in vivo. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis suggested that LLGL2 regulated cytoskeletal remodeling by interacting with ACTN1. LLGL2 altered the intracellular localization and function of ACTN1 without changing its protein and mRNA levels. Collectively, we uncovered that LLGL2 impaired actin filament aggregation into bundles by interacting with ACTN1, which led to cytoskeleton remodeling and inhibition of the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.

Chinese Expert Consensus on ovarian function and fertility preservation of cervical cancer in pregnancy (2023).

Cervical cancer in pregnancy (CCIP) refers to cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, the most common gynecological malignant tumor. Because of the special physiological changes of CCIP, although preserving ovarian function and fertility is very important, the methods are very limited. There is no guideline or consensus on the preservation methods of ovarian function and fertility in this special period. Therefore, the Committee of Fertility Protection and Preservation of China Association for the Promotion of Health Science and Technology, combined with the Chinese Society of Gynecological Endocrinology affiliated to the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, Society Endocrinology Branch of Beijing Institute of Obstetrics & Gynecology, combined with Society on Fertility Preservation affiliated with the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, organized relevant experts from different disciplines to formulate this consensus, in order to guide ovarian function and fertility preservation of CCIP patients.

VISTA as a prospective immune checkpoint in gynecological malignant tumors: A review of the literature.

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), encoded by the human VSIR gene, is a B7 family checkpoint homologous to the programmed death-Ligand 1 sequence. In gynecologic malignancies, VISTA is abnormally expressed and regulates the tumor immune microenvironment, causing a high upregulation of VISTA expression in T-cells and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor proliferation, progression, and immune tolerance. Here, we review the research progress of VISTA in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers through its structure and immunomodulatory mechanism. The comprehensive study of VISTA is expected to improve the current problem of poor immunotherapeutic effects and provide new ideas for immune therapy in patients with gynecologic tumors.

CT Findings of Stage IA Ovarian Cancer: Comparison between Borderline Tumor and Stage IC Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor in women. Most patients have reached the advanced stage when they visit the hospital. In order to diagnose ovarian cancer at an early stage, treat it at an early stage, and improve the survival rate of patients, this study has used the imaging computed tomography (CT) method to diagnose stage IA ovarian cancer. The purpose of this work was to study CT features of stage IA ovarian cancer, and compare the borderline tumor and stage IC ovarian cancer at the same time so as to improve the CT diagnosis of early ovarian cancer. We retrospectively collected clinical and CT data of patients with stage I ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumor admitted to Nantong Tumor Hospital from 2013 to 2021. Altogether, 23 cases of patients (borderline ovarian tumor, 9 cases; stage IA ovarian cancer, 5 cases; stage IC ovarian cancer, 9 cases) were involved. CT characteristics of these patients were analyzed in terms of the tumor diameter, cystic solid structure, solid component, septation, enhancement, peritoneal thickening, ascites, and abdominal lymph nodes. CT features of stage IA ovarian cancer included large tumor size (average diameter: 15 cm), cystic solid structure (4/5; 80%), septation (4/5; 80%), and enhanced cystic wall, septum, or solid components of the tumor on contrast-enhanced CT (5/5; 100%) no peritoneal thickening (0/5; 0%), no ascites (0/5; 0%), and no abdominal lymph node enlargement (0/5; 0%). The tumor structure did not differ significantly between stage IA and IC ovarian cancers (p > 0.05), while intraperitoneal ascites did (χ2 = 0.031; p < 0.05). Stage IA and borderline ovarian tumors did not differ significantly in ovarian tumor structure (p > 0.05). CT features of stage IA ovarian cancer included large tumor size, cystic solid structure, septation, and enhanced cystic wall and solid parts in the tumors. No pelvic or abdominal metastasis was observed.