Gynecological Characteristics Research Articles

Variable clinical and gynecologic characteristics associated with anatomical site of ectopic pregnancy.

Variable clinical and gynecologic characteristics associated with anatomical site of ectopic pregnancy.

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Fibrocystic Breast Disorder.

The role of deficiency of vitamin D in a wide range of human cancer, including breast cancer, has been proven, but its role in benign breast diseases remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with fibrocystic breast (FB) disease. First, the hospital prevalence of fibrocystic breast was determined by a crosssectional study. Then, patients were divided into two groups by a case-control study; women with confirmed fibrocystic breasts based on breast pain, physical examination, and ultrasonography were included as a case group (N=48), and age-matched women without fibrocystic breasts were also included as a control group (N=48). After recording the demographic and gynecological characteristics and exposure to the sun, gynecological records, and family history of fibrocystic breast, the blood sample was taken to determine vitamin D. Data were analyzed by Stata software. The result indicated that the studied groups had significant differences in regards to weight, breast pain, the severity of breast pain, breast heaviness, family history of fibrocystic breast, history of breast disease, caffeine consumption, and exposure to sunlight (p <0.05), but did not show significant differences based on age, occupation, education, gynecological history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and hypothyroidism, vegetable, fast food, and dairy products consumption. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the case group was 45.8%, and in the control group, it was 20.8%, and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Vitamin D deficiency is more common in women with fibrocystic breast disease and may play a role in the development of the disease.

Factors Associated with Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Married Adolescent Girls in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

Married adolescents face significant obstacles in making informed reproductive health decisions and accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. It is important to identify barriers hindering these adolescents from accessing SRH services. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the utilization of SRH services among married adolescent girls in northern Nigeria. We used a cross-sectional study design. The study population comprised of married female adolescents aged 14-19 years who were residents in the study areas for at least six months. The outcome measure was SRH service utilization, defined as the use of any of the conventional SRH services (ante/postnatal care, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling, sexually transmitted infections (STI) treatment, family planning, and post-abortion care). Predictor variables included the sociodemographic, obstetric, and gynecological characteristics of the respondents. An adapted, pretested, interviewer-administered, and semi-structured questionnaire was employed for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the independent association between selected variables and utilization of SRH services. A total of 200 respondents were surveyed (100 each from an urban and a rural community in Kano, Nigeria), survey response rate: 94.5%. The age of respondents ranged from 14 to 19 years, with mean age (± standard deviation) of 18.5 (±1.1) years and 17.5 (±1.3) years for urban and rural respondents, respectively. All respondents were aware of the available SRH facilities and preferred public facilities (92.6% urban respondents and 67.0% rural respondents). Ever-use of SRH services was higher among urban than rural respondents (86% vs. 56%, respectively). Geographic proximity was a key factor for urban respondents (64.2%), while affordability was considered important by rural respondents (47.9%). Respondent's age and partner's occupation were independently associated with utilization of SRH services. Urban respondents whose husbands were businessmen were seven times more likely to use SRH services than those whose partners were civil servants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-35.84, P = 0.02). Rural respondents 18 years of age and older were approximately six times more likely to utilize SRH services than those <18 years (aOR = 5.71, 95% CI: 1.56-12.78, P = 0.01). Awareness of available SRH services was high in the study population, and service utilization was influenced by the respondent's age and partner's occupation. Findings from this study can help inform the development of age-appropriate and accessible SRH services tailored to married adolescents in similar settings.

Effect of COVID-19 on sexual function and activities among reproductive-age women in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, the environment, families, individuals, and their ways of living have been affected. Social distancing was one of the strategies for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It led to limited social interactions for fear of contracting the infection, which ultimately affected relationships, among which is sexual health. To determine the risk of female sexual dysfunction and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual function and activities among women of reproductive age in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. This cross-sectional study of 218 reproductive-age women evaluated the sexual function before, during, and after the COVID-19 disease pandemic and lockdown. Pretested semistructured self-administered questionnaires with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used for data collection. Information collected included sociodemographic and gynecologic characteristics and COVID-19 experiences, as well as sexual history and function before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The level of significance was set at P < .05. Respondents were aged 20 to 50years (95%) with a mean ± SD age of 34.82 ± 8.52 years; the majority were married (75.58%); one-fifth (21.9%) tested positive for COVID-19 infection; and participants who tested positive for COVID-19 infections were mostly health care workers. An absence of sexual activity was reported in 9.18% of participants during lockdown, 7.73% before lockdown, and 4.18% after lockdown. The risk of female sexual dysfunction was prevalent among participants, especially those who tested positive for COVID-19 infection. The prevalence was worse during the pandemic lockdown (53.57%) than before (48.39%) or after (51.61%), and a similar pattern was seen among those who tested negative. There was no statistically significant difference in risk of developing sexual dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic between those who tested positive and negative to COVID-19. The arousal and desire domains contributed the highest proportion of low FSFI scores. Nationwide lockdowns, which may be a method of control for pandemics, may result in psychosocial complications such as female sexual dysfunction. Most respondents had tertiary education and were able to respond to self-administered questionnaires, yet the risk of recall bias remains a concern whereas the pandemic met the world unprepared and baseline FSFI prior the pandemic was not available for participants. There are no local validation studies for the FSFI in Nigeria, which could have aided interpretation of results. A low FSFI score is prevalent in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria, with a higher incidence reported during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

FRI423 Obesity And Adiposity Are Associated With Decreased Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Levels In A Reproductive Aged Latina/LatinX Population

Abstract Disclosure: S. Schon: None. C. Jiang: None. E.L. Ferrell: None. F. Valbuena: None. L. Neff: Other; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company, Dr. Neff is currently an employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company, which has no affiliation with this work. At the onset of the study, she was employed by Northwestern University Feinberg Sch. M. Carnethon: None. E.E. Marsh: Consulting Fee; Self; Pfizer, Inc. Objective: Research suggests that obesity has an adverse effect on ovarian reserve, as assessed by AMH. Prior studies have explored this association predominantly in non-Hispanic Caucasian and African American cohorts. In addition, few studies have utilized metrics beyond BMI to characterize adiposity. The objective of this study was to examine the association of obesity/adiposity with AMH in a Latina/LatinX population using multiple measures of obesity/adiposity. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Environment, Leiomyomas, Latinas, and Adiposity Study (ELLAS). ELLAS is a prospective longitudinal cohort study following Latina/LatinX females for 5 years. ELLAS used community based participatory research principles for engagement. Participants were between the ages of 21-50 at time of enrollment. Data from the first study visit were utilized for analysis. Assessment included anthropometrics, measurement of body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita MC-280U) and serum AMH (pico-AMH assay, Ansh Labs). The association between BMI on AMH was assessed as a continuous and categorical outcome. Adiposity based on body fat %, and visceral adiposity index (VAI) was studied in relation to AMH using linear regression models. Statistical associations were determined using Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum and linear or logistic regression as appropriate. Results: 621 women completed the first study visit and had BMI and AMH data available. BIA data was available on 591 participants. The mean age of participants was 37.5 ± 7.0 years. The mean BMI was 30.1 ± 6.8 kg/m2, with 261 (42%) of participants classified as having obesity by BMI (≥30 kg/m2). 214 women (34.5%) reported irregular menses and 89 reported currently taking hormonal contraception (HC) (14.3%). BMI was negatively associated with AMH (β=-0.055 p=0.014), however, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. Similarly, body fat % and VAI were also negatively associated with AMH (β=-0.058 p= 0.013, and β=-0.256 p&amp;lt;0.001), however this association was attenuated after adjusting for age. When the analysis was restricted to women not taking HC and with regular menses (n=290), higher BMI remained negatively associated with AMH after adjusting for age (β=-0.04, p=0.003). Similarly, higher body fat % and VAI were also negatively associated with AMH after adjusting for age (β=-0.04, p=0.005, and β=-0.090 p=0.009). Highest lifetime BMI was also associated with AMH after adjusting for age (β=-0.03, p=0.03). Conclusions: Among a cohort of Latina/LatinX females with normal menses, obesity and adiposity as assessed by BMI, body fat % and visceral adiposity index were negatively associated with AMH. This suggests that excess adiposity may compromise ovarian reserve and demonstrates the importance of assessing baseline gynecologic characteristics. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Determination of the Relationship Between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Fear of Cancer in Women Using Social Media and the Affecting Factors.

Understanding the relationship between fear of gynecological cancer and awareness of cancer in women may help oncology nurses increase women's participation in gynecological cancer screening. To examine the relationship between women's gynecological cancer awareness and cancer fear using social media and the affecting factors. In a descriptive and cross-sectional study design, online data were collected from 1231 women aged 20 to 69 years through social media using the Descriptive Information Form, the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale (GCAS), and the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS). Analytic tests included paired t tests, analysis of variance, and post hoc correlations and structural equation modeling. The women's total mean GCAS score was above moderate (152 ± 17), and their mean CWS score was high (19 ± 5). There was no relationship between the GCAS and CWS mean scores. Characteristics of participants with high awareness of gynecological cancer were being young, having a high educational level, having children, living in a province, having a history of cancer or family history of cancer, and having regular gynecological examinations, Papanicolaou smear tests, breast self-examination, and vulva examinations (P < .05). The fear of cancer was higher in women with children, a family history of cancer, and regular gynecological examination behaviors (P < .05). Awareness of gynecological cancer was not significantly statistically associated with fear of cancer. Certain sociodemographic and gynecological characteristics are associated with awareness of gynecological cancer and/or fear of cancer. Oncology nurses may plan individualized or large-scale educational events that may make use of social media to enhance accurate awareness of gynecological cancer and related examinations in women.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination likelihood during pregnancy.

To identify maternal background, medical and gynecological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccination likelihood, in the context where COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant women are significantly lower than the general population. In a retrospective cohort study, including all women who delivered between January and September 2021, background and medical history, including current and previous pregnancies diagnoses, were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Multivariable logistic models were used to identify factors associated with vaccination for the entire population, and for the two distinctive populations included in the study (Bedouin Arabs and Jewish women). The study population included 7017 women, of whom 1925 (27.4%) were vaccinated during pregnancy. According to the multivariable analysis, unvaccinated mothers were younger with lower socioeconomic score. They were more likely to be Bedouin Arabs, have a poor obstetrical history or recurrent pregnancy loss, and insufficient prenatal care. Additional risk factors were inconsistent between the two ethnicities included in the study. Ethnicity, insufficient prenatal care, and having a poor obstetric history were consistently associated with lower vaccination among pregnant women. These factors should be considered in future plans aimed at increasing vaccination among pregnant women.

Predictors of Maternal Blouse in the Postpartum Period Based on Social Determinants of Health of the World Health Organization Model: A Path Analysis

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of maternal blouse in the postpartum period based on social determinants of health of the World Health Organization (WHO) model. Methods This cohort study was conducted on 449 postpartum women who were referred to healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was a multi-stage random method. The tools used in this research were demographic and gynecological characteristics questionnaire, socio-economic status questionnaire, depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) (multidimensional scale of perceived social support [MSPSS]), domestic violence questionnaire (DVQ), unhealthy behavior questionnaire. Postpartum blouse was also measured based on the Stein’s questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Results The information of 449 pregnant women participating in the study was examined. The mean age of women was 26.96±4.46 years and their husbands’ mean age was 32.17±5.6 years. The path analysis results demonstrated that among the variables related to maternal blouse (one-path test), in the indirect path analysis, socio-economic status had the most negative effect on the maternal blouse and also in the direct path analysis, DASS21 showed the most negative effect on the maternal blouse (B=-0.19) and the unfortunate event had the most positive effect (B=0.18). Violence had the most positive effect on the maternal blouse (two-path test) (B=0). Conclusion Considering the importance of the role and the high prevalence of maternal blouse in the mental health of women after childbirth, it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors for prevention and screening in terms of timely diagnosis and necessary measures.

Some reproductive and gynecological characteristics of Morkaraman ewes

The aim of this study is to determine some reproductive and gynecological and lamb yield characteristics in Morkaraman ewes in Iğdır province, Turkey. Reproductive and fertility characteristics of Morkaraman ewes were recorded in two breeding seasons. Clinically healthy 300 Morkaraman ewes were used. Estrus duration was statistically different in the first and second breeding seasons (P=0.034). The estrus rates were 95% and 97% in seasons, respectively (P=0.211). According to the breeding seasons (first and second year), lambing rate was 90.7% and 92%, infertility rate was 5% and 3%, placental retention rate was 2.6% and 1.5%, uterine infection rate was 8.2% and 6.6%, vaginal and uterine prolapse rate was 1.8% and 2.2%, follicular cyst rate was 1.3% and 0.7%, mastitis rate was 3.7% and 2.2%, insufficient milk production rate was 2.6% and 3.6%, abortion rate was 3.2% and 4.5%, dystocia rate was 4.4% and 5.4%, congenital anomaly rate was 1.1% and 1.5%, twinning rate was 10.7% and 12%, birth weight in singleton was 3.8 kg and 3.6 kg, birth weight in twins 3.2 kg and 3.3 kg, survival rate was 94.4% and 96.5%, respectively (P&amp;gt;0.05). In conclusion, Morkaraman ewes show high reproductive performance, do not have many gynecological problems, and are more likely to have single births.

Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Mexican Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

We estimate the prevalence and identified the associated factors of sexual dysfunction in Mexican women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cross-sectional survey was applied to 100 women with RA and compared with 100 healthy, sexually active, adult women. Assessments included an interview using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Assessment of factors related to sexual dysfunction included gynecologic characteristics, disease activity (DAS-28), and functioning questionnaire (HAQ-DI). Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square test were used to compare medians and proportions between the groups. A multivariate logistic regression was performed using sexual dysfunction according to impairments shown by the FSFI. A higher proportion of RA patients had sexual dysfunction compared with controls. Domains with higher impairment in RA patients were desire, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm. A decrease in sexual function correlated with age (r = −0.365 p < 0.001) and higher scores in HAQ-DI (r = −0.261 p = 0.009). Those patients with a higher disability had higher impairments in desire, arousal, lubrication, and satisfaction. In the multivariate analysis, menopause was associated with sexual dysfunction (OR: 10.02; 95% CI: 1.05–95.40, p = 0.04), whereas use of methotrexate was a protective factor (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11–0.92, p = 0.03). Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in Mexican women with RA. Clinicians should systematically evaluate the impairment in sexual function in women with RA.

P-657 Administration of an extra Gonadotropin dose on trigger day in patients undergoing elective egg freezing

Abstract Study question Does an extra Gonadotropin (GT) dose on trigger day during a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycle for oocyte cryopreservation result in improved cycle outcomes? Summary answer An extra GT dose on trigger day in patients undergoing elective egg freezing is not associated with increased oocyte yield. What is known already The most common controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COHS) protocol used in elective oocyte cryopreservation cycles is a GnRH antagonist protocol with a GnRH agonist trigger. There is no consensus about the timing of the final gonadotropin dose administration. Some physicians add an extra GT dose during the ovulation trigger day and others advise to receive the last GT dose the day before. The yield of this extra GT dose was not previously evaluated. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study, consisting of cycles of elective oocyte cryopreservation at Hadassah Medical Center from 1.2017 through 5.2021. Patients were divided into 2 groups- women who received their last GT dose a day before the GnRH agonist trigger, and women who received the last GT on the trigger day. Background and gynecologic characteristics, as well as COHS cycle parameters, were compared. The primary outcome was the average number of mature oocytes in each group. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women 30-41 years who were admitted for elective oocyte cryopreservation. Women who were referred due to medical reasons or cycles with a protocol other than GnRH antagonist were excluded. Ovarian stimulation with GT began on the 3rd day of the cycle, and five days later, a GnRH antagonist was added. When more than two mature follicles were demonstrated, a GnRH agonist trigger was administrated and approximately 36 hours later, the oocyte aspiration procedure was performed Main results and the role of chance During the study period, 448 elective egg freezing cycles were performed, 151 cycles with an extra dose on the trigger day and 297 cycles without an extra GT dose. The groups did not differ in their background characteristics, age, BMI, GT used, and the number of induction days. However, the extra GT group had significantly higher day 3 follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), lower anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and lower maximal Estradiol (E2) levels. The extra GT dose group had a significantly lower mean number of mature oocytes (11.1±7.1 vs. 6.4±4.5, p &amp;lt; 0.001). To adjust for the maximal E2 parameter, that differed between the groups, an additional analysis was performed, dividing the two groups into subgroups of cycles with maximal E2 above and below 10,000 pmol\l. Interestingly, even in cycles with maximal E2 above 10,000 pmol\l, the extra dose group had poorer results (10.3±4.3 vs. 12.7±7.2, p &amp;lt; 0.001). This difference was also noted in cycles with E2 below 10,000 pmol\l (5.4±4.0 vs 8.7±6.1 mature oocytes, p = 0.011). Additionally, a multiple regression model for the prediction of several oocytes retrieved showed that the extra GT dose parameter was not associated with increased oocytes number. Limitations, reasons for caution The retrospective design of this study and the differences in cycle characteristics between patients that did or did not receive an extra GT dose on trigger day make it prone to selection bias. Wider implications of the findings Our study shows that administration of an extra GT dose on trigger day in oocyte cryopreservation cycles does not yields more mature oocytes. However, wider prospective studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the implications of this treatment’s effect on cycle outcomes. Trial registration number Not applicable

Evaluation of the Genital Hygiene Behavior and Related Factors of Women Aged 15-49

Aim: Approximately one million people in the world are exposed to urogenital tract infections every year and at least 75% of women have a history of genital infection. The frequency of vaginal infections in women aged 15-49 in Turkey is known to be 35-68%. Genital infections can be asymptomatic and can cause negativity in sexual and family life. Therefore, it is important to take preventive measures. Mentioning correct genital hygiene behaviors in the training and consultancy services provided by healthcare professionals helps people to increase their awareness. In our study, we aimed to evaluate women's genital hygiene behaviors and related factors. Methods: Our study was carried out with 457 women between the ages of 15-49 in the Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Nisa Hospital. The socio-demographic characteristics and gynecological characteristics of the subjects were collected by face-to-face interviews using the questionnaire form that consisted of 20 questions and the “Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory”. The IBM SPSS version 22 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: This study was conducted with 457 women. A significant negative correlation was found between the Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory score and the number of pregnancies and number of children (p=0.028, r=-0.128, p=0.037, r=-0.128, respectively), and a significant positive correlation was found between education status, income status, and having children (p=0.010, p=0.000, p=0.007, respectively). Participants who stated that they had the knowledge and received this information from doctors and/or nurses had higher Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory scores. Conclusion: Questioning genital complaints of women by all healthcare professionals, determining hygiene behaviors, and correcting erroneous practices will positively affect urogenital health. Keywords: hygiene, education, genital infection, reproductive health, family practice

Effect of trace elements in the immune system of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in alex ekwueme federal university teaching hospital

Copper, iron, selenium and zinc are important trace elements during pregnancy. They function as antioxidants and play major roles in strengthening the immune system. This study evaluates the importance of these trace elements in the immune system and their concentrations during pregnancy. These trace elements were evaluated using 75 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki as Test participants and 75 non-pregnant women were used as control participants. The analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The socio-demographic, Obstetrics and Gynaecological characteristics of the participants were obtained using questionnaire. A cross-sectional comparative study design was adopted for this. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) in mg / l of the test and control of trace elements (copper, iron, selenium and zinc) are; 0.13±0.03 and 0.38±0.03, 0.48±0.07 and 0.82±0.09, 0.86±0.11 and 0.94±0.07, 0.52±0.07 and 0.52±0.05 respectively. Also mean levels of Cu and Fe were significantly decreased in the pregnant women than in control (p=&amp;#60;0.001; 0.002) respectively. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant differences between selenium and zinc levels in the pregnant women when compared to their controls (p=0.575; 0.982) respectively. Low concentration of iron is suggestive of iron deficiency and this study revealed 65.3% non-compliance to routine iron supplement given during antenatal. Trimester, age and parity appeared not to have any significant effect on the level of these trace elements. Hence, there is need to ensure the intake well-balanced meal to optimize copper levels during pregnancy.

Peripheral Hematological Parameters in Sudanese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The aim of this study is to assess the association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hematological parameters [hemoglobin, red cell parameters, white blood cells (WBCs), platelets volume (MPV)]. This is a matched case-control study (60 women in each arm of the study) which was conducted in Saad Abualila infertility center Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Infertile women with PCOS were the cases and healthy non pregnant women were the controls. The gynecological characteristics were gathered through questionnaire and blood samples were analyzed for different blood parameters by automated hematology analyzer. While the two groups were matched in their age; body mass index was significantly higher in women with PCOs compared to the normal control. The investigated different hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBCs, RDW, WBCs, platelets and MPV) showed no statistical difference between the women with PCOS and the controls.

Prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence among adult women in primary care

Purpose: The current study aimed to prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and related factors in adult women admitted to the family medicine outpatient clinic. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in a family health centre between October 2020 and March 2021. Randomly selected 268 adult women were included in the study. The demographic, obstetric, gynecological characteristics and medical history of the participants were obtained with a questionnaire. Urinary incontinence symptoms was assessed using Turkish Version of the International Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF)&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of UI in study population was 17.5% and according to age grup it was 4.1% at 18-29&#x0D; years, 10.3% at 30-39 years, 12.0% at 40-49 years, 33.3% at 50-59 years, 46.7% at 60-69 years and 81.8% at ≥70 years old, respectively. Participants with urinary incontinence had higher median age, body mass index (BMI), menopause vintage, and gravida than continent participants. Low education level, drug usage, constipation, menapause (were independently associated with urinary incontinence. &#x0D; Conclusion: UI is still a common health problem among adult women. We recommend physicians to be questioned about UI symptoms, especially in women over 50 years of age. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the treatment of modifiable risk factors on UI incidence among adult women

Analysis of awareness of gynaecological cancers İn women using social media

ABSTRACT This study aimed to use social media to investigate the relationship between the demographic, obstetric and gynaecological characteristics and the awareness of gynaecological cancer among women. The data were collected between 1st March and May 2018 using an internet-baseline survey/surveymonkey/google form. The sample was consisted of 1227 women who were literate, active social media users and had volunteered to participate in the study via social media. The GCAS scores of women who were in the age range 20–24 years, primary school graduates, no social security, were not pregnant, had a miscarriage, did not examine their external genital organs, had not entered the menopause and who did not use any family planning methods, were lower than the other women. The GCA of the women was found to be high.

The influence of lifestyle of OB/GYN female residents on gynecological and obstetrical outcomes: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo learn the influence of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) female residents’ lifestyle on obstetric and gynecological characteristics compared to women matched by age from the general population. Study designA cross-sectional multicenter study including OB/GYN female residents from ten different hospitals in Israel, who completed an internet questionnaire published during 2017–2018, that were compared to women matched by age from the general population. Questions dealt with lifestyle habits, obstetrical and gynecological outcomes. Data are presented as median and inter-quartile range. ResultsDuring the study period 97 women completed the questionnaire, of them 56 (57.7%) OB/GYN female residents and 41(42.3%) controls. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding age, marital status, gravidity and parity. However, lifestyle characteristics reported by OB/GYN female residents differed compared to controls: OB/GYN female residents found their work more stressogenic [53 (94.6%) vs. 20 (48.8%); p = 0.001], suffered from deprived sleep [42(75.6%) vs. 13(31.8%); p = 0.001], were less punctilious on dental hygiene [13(23.2%) vs. 27(65.8%); p = 0.001] and reported maintaining a less healthy diet [35(62.5%) vs. 15(36.6%); p = 0.003]. Despite these differences, general happiness reported by both groups was comparable (35(62.5%) vs. 27(65.9%) for OB/GYN and control women respectively; p = 0.73). Pregnancy rate was found to be more than double in the resident’s group [30 (53.6%) vs. 9 (22%); p = 0.002], with no differences in the rates of: complications during pregnancy [51(91.1%) vs. 38(92.7%); p = 0.78]; abortions [10 (17.9%) vs. 8 (19.5%); p = 0.84]; augmentation of labor [5 (9%) vs. 7 (17.1%); p = 0.18]; or cesarean deliveries [7(12.5%) vs. 7(17%); p = 0.48]. Logistic regression analysis found both parity and residency as independent variables significantly associated with pregnancy rate [(B = 0.69, p = 0.047), (B = 1.95, p = 0.016), respectively]. ConclusionAlthough resident women in OB/GYN reported on more adverse lifestyle parameters, comparable obstetric and gynecological outcomes were seen, with residency and parity being independently associated with higher pregnancy rate.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with dysmenorrhea in early adulthood: A cohort study

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are serious conditions that occur in 5-10% of pregnancies. Maternal factors, such as maternal age, obesity, and renal disease, have been described as risk factors. In order to extract the background lifestyle and gynecological characteristics for HDP, we conducted a prospective cohort study. Pregnant participants were administered a questionnaire on characteristics, menstrual abnormalities and lifestyle factors. The women were followed individually until 1-month postpartum. We used medical records to examine the relationship between menstrual abnormalities and the onset of HDP. We collected data from 193 pregnant women, and excluding 3 who had miscarriage, examined the records of 190. A total of 26 patients developed HDP, of which 10 had early-onset HDP and 16 had late-onset HDP. Although there was no significant association between HDP and dysmenorrhea just prior to pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the incidence of HDP in patients who experienced dysmenorrhea around the age of 20 years (odds ratio 4.362 [95% CI 1.61-11.81]). We found that patients with a history of dysmenorrhea around the age of 20 years have a significantly higher risk of developing HDP. Although dysmenorrhea in young adulthood is ameliorated, it may become apparent as a perinatal disease when a physical load such as pregnancy is applied.

Relationship between Diet, Menstrual Pain and other Menstrual Characteristics among Spanish Students.

This study sought to describe and compare adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of local foods from the Huelva region among Spanish university women in relation to menstrual pain and other menstrual characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 311 health science students. The study variables were sociodemographic and gynecologic characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, alcohol consumption (SDU) and consumption of local food. A descriptive bivariate analysis and multiple binary regression were performed for menstrual pain. Up to 55.3% of participants had moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and only 29.6% had high adherence. Women with low adherence had longer menstrual cycles (p < 0.01). Eating less than two pieces of fruit per day (OR = 3.574; 95%CI = 1.474–8.665; p < 0.05) and eating pulses more than one day a week (OR = 2.320; 95%CI = 1.006–5.348) raised the probability of suffering menstrual pain. A positive correlation between SDU and cycle length was identified (r = 0.119, p = 0.038), and menstrual bleeding was lower in women who consumed olive oil daily (p = 0.044). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and consuming typical foods from southern Spain appear to influence cycle length, menstrual flow and menstrual pain. Further research is necessary to confirm and expand these findings.

Prevalence and Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in the Ningo-Prampram District, Ghana.

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been suggested to play a role in various adverse birth outcomes. The study determined the prevalence as well as knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in the Ningo-Prampram District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 213 pregnant women receiving antenatal care in three different health facilities (Prampram Polyclinic (PPC), Dangme Community Hospital (DCH), and Old Ningo Health Center (ONHC)) in the Ningo-Prampram District of Ghana from November 2018 to January 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data which included participants' HBsAg test results, sociodemographic and gynaecological characteristics, and their level of knowledge on HBV infection. Knowledge of the participants on HBV infection was classified as either excellent, good, or poor based on their cumulative percentage scores from the questionnaire according to Al Rubaish system of classification. Results Overall low-intermediate prevalence of HBV infection was 3.3%; however, PPC recorded the highest prevalence of 4.0% while DCH and ONHC recorded 2.82% and 2.50%, respectively. Statistically significant association was observed between HBV infection and the health facility. Majority (77.40%) of the study participants had poor knowledge on HBV infection while only 14 (6.57%) had excellent knowledge on HBV. Regarding excellent knowledge, 8 (11.0%) among the participants were demonstrated by the majority of those who received antenatal care from DCH. Generally, knowledge on HBV and the infection was poor among the study participants. Knowledge on HBV infection was found to be associated with residential status (p = 0.006), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), and gestational period (p < 0.001). Participant's knowledge was also significantly associated with the health facility (p = 0.027). Conclusion HBV infection among pregnant women is prevalent in the Ningo-Prampram District even though the prevalence is not very high. The majority of pregnant women in the Ningo-Prampram District inadequate knowledge on HBV infection and it mode of transmission. Intensive public health education on the HBV infection is required in the district to help prevent and manage future transmissions as well as inform the population about the negative side effects of the virus and the need to prevent it by way of vaccination.