Gym Workout Research Articles

New findings on imagery use: What do exercisers imagine during gym workouts and why

New findings on imagery use: What do exercisers imagine during gym workouts and why

RF-GymCare: Introducing Respiratory Prior for RF Sensing in Gym Environments

Exercise-induced sudden death has become an increasingly serious health issue in recent years. Fortunately, respiratory monitoring can serve as an effective early prevention solution. In particular, radio frequency (RF) sensing has emerged as a promising solution due to its contactless nature and privacy preservation. Existing RF-based respiratory monitoring solutions for homes, offices, or vehicles would suffer from significant performance degradation when deployed in typical gym workouts, where respiratory and physical movements are mixed in the RF signals in an unpredictable manner, leading to a blind source separation (BSS) problem. What is worse, the prior assumptions of source independence in existing BSS algorithms no longer hold, leaving respiratory monitoring in gym scenarios as an open issue. In this paper, we propose RF-GymCare, which introduces respiratory priors into the BSS problem and utilizes knowledge distillation to transfer these priors, aiming to learn the demixing weight from mixed signals. With the demixing weight, the respiratory signal can be obtained through a linear combination of the mixed signals. Our experiments with 13 hours of data across nine types of exercises demonstrate its superiority over existing methods, achieving a median similarity of 0.75 and a median rate error of 0.5 respiration per minute (RPM), respectively.

A Residual Deep Learning Method for Accurate and Efficient Recognition of Gym Exercise Activities Using Electromyography and IMU Sensors

The accurate and efficient recognition of gym workout activities using wearable sensors holds significant implications for assessing fitness levels, tailoring personalized training regimens, and overseeing rehabilitation progress. This study introduces CNN-ResBiGRU, a novel deep learning architecture that amalgamates residual and hybrid methodologies, aiming to precisely categorize gym exercises based on multimodal sensor data. The primary goal of this model is to effectively identify various gym workouts by integrating convolutional neural networks, residual connections, and bidirectional gated recurrent units. Raw electromyography and inertial measurement unit data collected from wearable sensors worn by individuals during strength training and gym sessions serve as inputs for the CNN-ResBiGRU model. Initially, convolutional neural network layers are employed to extract unique features in both temporal and spatial dimensions, capturing localized patterns within the sensor outputs. Subsequently, the extracted features are fed into the ResBiGRU component, leveraging residual connections and bidirectional processing to capture the exercise activities’ long-term temporal dependencies and contextual information. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using the Myogym dataset, comprising data from 10 participants engaged in 30 distinct gym activities. The model achieves a classification accuracy of 97.29% and an F1-score of 92.68%. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of the convolutional neural network and ResBiGRU components. The proposed hybrid model uses wearable multimodal sensor data to accurately and efficiently recognize gym exercise activity.

Implementation on Large-Scale Mobile Fitness App Usage Analysis for Smart Health

Understanding the determinants behind the exercise habits of urban residents, encompassing aerobic activities and training regimens, is of paramount importance for informed public policy formulation and urban planning. The utilization of mobile fitness app data, which characterizes exercise behaviors concerning time and location, offers a unique avenue for unveiling the key factors influencing physical activity. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of mobile fitness app data, collecting information from over 14,000 cellular towers and studying the exercise patterns of 4,000 users. Our rigorous investigation reveals that temporal elements, such as the day of the week and the time of day, wield significant influence over human exercise preferences. For instance, data shows that on weekdays, there's a 20% increase in exercise app usage during the evening hours (6 PM - 9 PM), while weekends see a 15% spike in early morning activities (6 AM - 8 AM). Geographical location also emerges as a prominent influencer. Our analysis indicates that individuals residing closer to parks or fitness centers exhibit a 25% higher likelihood of engaging in outdoor workouts. Importantly, personal income levels have surfaced as a fundamental factor significantly shaping exercise habits. Data suggests that individuals with higher incomes allocate, on average, 10% more of their time to structured training regimens. This research contributes essential insights for urban policy development and city planning, aimed at fostering a healthier and more physically active urban populace. Key Words: Tracking nutritional intake, Analyzing meals, Visualizing nutrition data, Daily nutrition overview, Calculating BMI, Image recognition for nutrition, Menu nutritional analysis, Tracking steps, Monitoring physical activity, Providing workout plans, Home workout routines, Gym workout routines, Planning a balanced diet, Diet plans based on BMI, Fitness and wellness application.

The Science behind Muscle Formation: How Gym Workouts Build Strength and Size

Muscle formation is a complex process that involves a combination of exercise, nutrition, and recovery. For gymgoers, understanding the science behind muscle formation can help optimize workout routines and achieve desired fitness goals. This article delves into the mechanisms of muscle formation, exploring how gym workouts contribute to strength and size gains

Personal Branding Influencer Nadia Ninette melalui Konten Olah Raga dan Pola Hidup Sehat di Media Sosial Instagram

The public gets to know a figure through their work and whatever they present. Through personal branding, an influencer can become more recognized by the public, not only by their followers but also by other parties, especially those involved in fields related to the influencer. According to Peter Montoya, there are 8 main concepts in the formation of personal branding: specialization, leadership, personality, distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence and goodwill. In this research, the focus is only on 6 concepts, excluding distinctiveness and unity. This study aims to understand how Nadia Ninette, as an influencer and content creator, fulfills 6 out of 8 personal branding concepts on the Instagram social media platform through sports and healthy lifestyle content. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method through interviews, observations, and documentation. The objects to be examined are various sports and healthy lifestyle content by Nadia Ninette on Instagram, including diet content, workout challenges, home workouts, gym workouts, healthy food menus, and others. This also includes the results of story reposts by Nadia Ninette's followers through one of Instagram's features, namely Instagram Stories, where her followers tag her account, @nadianinette.
 Keywords: Personal branding, influencer, Instagram, content

Gym & Yoga Trainer Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The project titled "Gym and Yoga Trainer Using Machine Learning" aims to leverage the power of machine learning algorithms to enhance the gym and yoga training experience. This innovative system utilizes computer vision, motion tracking, and data analysis to create an intelligent training platform. The primary objective of this project is to develop a system that can analyze the user's movements during gym workouts and yoga sessions in real-time. By employing computer vision techniques, the system captures and analyzes the user's posture, form, and technique, providing instant feedback on areas that require improvement. This real-time feedback helps users perform exercises correctly, reduce the risk of injury, and optimize their fitness routines.

Optimized progression of Full-Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report.

People suffering from fatigue syndromes spend less time exercising each day, thus aggravating their motor difficulties. Indeed, muscles and mobility deteriorate with age, while exercising muscles is the only sure countermeasure. It is useful to offer a safe and toll-free rehabilitation training: Full-Body In-Bed Gym, easy to learn and performe at home. We suggest a 10-20 min daily routine of easy and safe physical exercises that may improve the main 200 skeletal muscles used for every-day activities. Many of the exercises can be performed in bed (Full-Body In-Bed Gym), so hospital patients can learn this light workout before leaving the hospital. The routine consists of series of repetitions of 15 bodyweight exercises to be performed one after the other without time breaks in between. Alternating sequences of arm and leg exercises are followed by moving body parts in lying and sitting positions in bed. These are followed by series of tiptoeing off the bed. Progressive improvements can be tested by a series of push-ups on the floor. Starting from 3-5, number of repetitions are increased by adding 3 more every week. To maintain or even shorten total daily time of workout each movement is weekly speeded up. The devoted time every morning (or at least five days a week) to train all the major muscles of the body can remain under 10 minutes. Because there are no breaks during and between sets, the final push-ups become very challenging: at the end of the daily workout heart rate, depth and number of ventilations and frontal perspiration increase for a few minutes. We here provide an example of how to implement the progression of the Full-Body In-Bed Gym presenting an educational Case Report of a trained 80-year old person in stable pharmacological managements. In addition to strengthening the main muscles, including the ventilatory muscles, Although performed in bed, Full-Body In-Bed Gym is a resistance training equivalent to a short jog.. Started in early winter and continued regularly throughout spring and summer, Full-Body In-Bed Gym can help maintain independence of frail people, including those younger persons suffering with the fatigue syndrome related to the viral infection of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of Customized 3D-Printed Insoles in Patients with Foot-Related Musculoskeletal Ailments—A Survey-Based Study

The prevalence of individuals with flat feet and high arches is very high (between 15% to 37%), which can often lead to other orthopedic complications. Three-dimensional-printed insoles are being studied and validated for their effects in correcting these highly prevalent foot disorders. Highly customizable parameters while printing the insole allows for precise correction of foot biomechanics. In this study, 200 patients suffering from various foot-related problems and joint pain were given 3d-printed insoles (designed using plantar pressure systems and clinical practitioner’s assessment) to use in their footwear. Tested activities included standing, walking, running, sports, and gym workout. Customization of insoles included custom density, heel cup, heel rise, medial arch height, and lateral wedge. Based on the patient history, additional podiatry elements were provided for patients with diabetes. Each insole was designed as per the insole profile of the shoe with a comfortable fit. These insoles were found to be effective in alleviating pain for more than 90% of the patients and provided a longer life cycle with effective orthotic correction (for >16 months of daily use). This paper presents the post-use effects (6–18 months) of custom 3D-printed insoles.

Variation in leisure sport conflicts and coping strategies depending on participation type and proximity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

New conflict types have arisen in leisure sports activities due to social regulations designed to address COVID-19. We analyze the differences in conflict-inducing factors and coping strategies across various types of leisure sports and levels of spatial proximity. Korean adults aged between 20 and 60 years, who had participated in leisure sports activities since the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020, were surveyed, and 508 responses were collected for analysis. The differences in leisure sports conflicts and coping strategies across the types of leisure sports participation and spatial proximity were tested. The results show that conflict due to prejudice was higher in typical indoor sports activities, such as Pilates, yoga, and gym workouts, whereas conflict due to competition or not observing etiquette was higher in indoor golf. Second, conflict due to prior expectations and prejudice was high in outdoor sports activities, such as jogging and hiking. Finally, all participants showed avoidance behavior, but it was observed more frequently in outdoor sports than indoor sports. The study reveals how much leisure conflict is induced by various types of leisure sports participation, particularly during outdoor activities, which usually feature a relatively low density of participants. It underscores the necessity of developing structural approaches to resolving leisure conflicts in dangerous spaces or requiring intensive management and creating new leisure sports activities.

The Difference of Conspicuous Consumption between Gym and Home Workouts

This study examines current developments of conspicuous consumption in the fitness community on social media. During the Covid-19-pandemic digital communities had to change as in-person events were canceled. This paper investigates the differences in conspicuous consumption for fitness content creators, depending on their workout location (gym vs. home workout). Through a netnography based on Instagram, posts and videos were qualitatively analyzed. While conspicuous consumption was present in both workout styles, it differed in its manifestation. Posts about gym workouts focused more unilaterally on the status of the content creator by using measurable goals, lighting, posing, and hashtags about their body parts. In contrast, home workouts focused on the status achieved through community building by showing training instructions for the followers and engaging in the comments. Social media users seem to be able to engage in conspicuous consumption with the fitness community through following content creators.

Celebrity-politicians as health promoting role models: A case study of cigarettes and gym workouts on Facebook

In this exploratory study we examine the hypothesis that health-promoting politician role-models positively influence an individual’s personal health habits. By examining the Facebook comments of individuals exposed to health-promoting personal accounts of politicians, we examine whether these individuals regard these politicians as role models in the context of health. This is done regardless of how they view these politicians from a political point of view. The importance of this study derives from its intent to examine for the first time, whether there is evidence that individuals are influenced by politicians and their mediated depictions in the context of health. Furthermore, we try to understand whether gender plays a role in this social learning. Results indicate that individuals regard politicians as role models in the context of health. Furthermore, results indicate that women are more likely than men to express their will to imitate health promoting behaviors of both female and male politicians. Thus, this study sheds light for the first time on the phenomenon of politicians’ health-promoting mediated depictions and their importance to an individual’s health.

Unprecedented Training: Experience of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Unprecedented Training: Experience of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Home-Based Workouts and Gym Training according to Caloric Intake

With the advancement in technology and the growing sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities related to obesity and overweight are also increasing. Every other person complains of weight gain and is looking for ways to reduce pounds on the scale. Most people have started working out at their homes instead of going out to the gym due to the Coronavirus Pandemic, while others have a proper routine of working out in the gym. Thus, our research study compares the effectiveness of home-based workout programs and gym workouts to analyze which type of workout will provide the most effective results in the shortest time, keeping in view the participants' caloric intake. This study aims to inspect the amount of fat loss, changes are seen on the weight scale, changes in body composition (via BIA analysis), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, keeping in view the intensity and duration of exercise parallel to their caloric intake. It was a four week (one month) comparative study on 50 home-based exercisers and 50 adults working out in the gym (ages 19 – 39) under the supervision of a trainer. The weight, body and visceral fat percentages were assessed using a Body Impedance Analysis (BIA) machine. Also, variables measured were waist circumference, height, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate and social status (through MacArthur's subjective social status ladder). There was observed dietary history from every individual through a 24-hour dietary recall for the past three days. Subjects had a follow-up after every seven days (weekly), and all the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS. 
 Out of 100 participants, 68% study participants were males and 32% participants were females. Most of the participants were not taking any diet or were taking greater than equal to 1400 kcals per day. Comorbidity data showed that, 86% participants did not have any comorbidities while remaining 14% had different types of comorbidities. 49% participants were doing strength training, 34% were performing cardio, 12% were doing aerobics and 5% opted for yoga. In the gym in higher social status, it is only males that are working out while some females of low socio-economic status also work out at the gym. Males of very low socioeconomic status also prefer gym workout. In home-based work out there is equal number of males and females in higher social status whereas only females of low socioeconomic status prefer working out at home. Gender wise distribution of type of exercise (TOE) and type of diet (TOD) data showed that most males are strength training with ≥ 1400 kcal. Most females perform cardio exercises with a caloric intake of 1100 to 1300 kcal per day. classification of subjects according to body mass index (BMI) showed that 4% individuals had lower BMI, 24% were normal, 14% and 22% were overweight and obese respectively, however 28% had morbid obesity. Results showed that people who do home based workout had significant difference with body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index. However, there were no significant differences found in terms of Waist to hip ratio, heart rate, and Respiratory Rate. The chi-square test shows .001 significance which means there is a significant association between BMI and gender. Gym and home-based workouts have their benefits, and we cannot label one as more beneficial. But people who work out in the gym had lesser body fat and lesser visceral fat, which gives it more significance. Moreover, gym workouts proved to keep control of blood pressure in individuals. Both gym and home workouts have similar effects on the waist to hip ratio, heart rate and respiratory rate. The benefit of home workouts is evident in reducing waist circumference.

Getting Ready for Continence Certification: Assessing and Managing Stress Incontinence.

Getting Ready for Continence Certification: Assessing and Managing Stress Incontinence.

Does Partial Knee Replacement Allow Return to High-Demand Activities?

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess postoperative partial knee replacement (PKR) functional improvement using the postoperative Oxford Knee Score for Activity and Participation Questionnaire (OKS-APQ). PKR includes medial, lateral, and patellofemoral knee arthroplasty.MethodsA search of a National Health Service hospital database was made to identify eligible candidates for a survey of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). Database records were collected for patients who had medial, lateral, and patellofemoral knee arthroplasty. The first author, an orthopaedic surgery resident, retrospectively reviewed the data and selected 318 patient records for inclusion in a questionnaire survey. The inclusion criteria were: patients who had PKR within three years from the time of the study and patients who don’t have medical problems that may affect their mobility; for example, balance problems. The survey used the postoperative Oxford Knee Score for Activity and Participation Questionnaire (OKS-APQ), Tegner Activity Score (TAS), and four questions were added to the present study, namely, three free-text questions and one visual analogue score (VAS). The survey was sent by post seeking the patients' responses.Results Two-hundred five responded to the survey out of 318; a 64% response rate. The ceiling and floor effects were determined from patients’ answers. Survey questions included: What is the most demanding activity you routinely do every month on your new knee? The patients’ answers were divided into four groups. First, 29% were limited to low functional demand activities, for example, light walking for less than a mile. Second, 43% were involved in domestic work and sports activities, for example, golf, skittles, bowling, squatting, swimming, and gardening. Third, 21% had progressed to higher demand activities, for instance, dancing, racquet sports, cycling, and yoga. Fourth, 7% were performing higher demand activities involving impacts, for example, skiing, heavy gym workout, and marathon running.ConclusionThe postoperative questionnaire demonstrated activities ranging from high-impact activities, for example, skiing, and from higher demand activities, for example, dancing to low function activities, for example, light walking.

Neural and computational mechanisms of momentary fatigue and persistence in effort-based choice

From a gym workout, to deciding whether to persevere at work, many activities require us to persist in deciding that rewards are ‘worth the effort’ even as we become fatigued. However, studies examining effort-based decisions typically assume that the willingness to work is static. Here, we use computational modelling on two effort-based tasks, one behavioural and one during fMRI. We show that two hidden states of fatigue fluctuate on a moment-to-moment basis on different timescales but both reduce the willingness to exert effort for reward. The value of one state increases after effort but is ‘recoverable’ by rests, whereas a second ‘unrecoverable’ state gradually increases with work. The BOLD response in separate medial and lateral frontal sub-regions covaried with these states when making effort-based decisions, while a distinct fronto-striatal system integrated fatigue with value. These results provide a computational framework for understanding the brain mechanisms of persistence and momentary fatigue.

Physical Activity Level among Pre-University Students of Mangaluru City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Physical activity is one of the best health promotion activities that enhance the overall health status, mental status and performance. There is decline in the physical activity by ten folds since last four decades among adolescence worldwide. Educational institutions have a prime role in enhancing physical activity among school going children’s through schedule classes. This study was conducted to determine the level of physical activity among the Pre-University students of Mangaluru city. The study also aimed to determine the nutritional status of the students using weight for height. Cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Pre-University colleges of Mangaluru city. The study period was from January 2019 to April 2019. In total 572 samples were col lected. YPAQ for physical activity and Likert scale questionnaire for college based program were used to collect a data. Overall 50.5% of the students were found to be physically active in this study. In-house factors like type of college, type of streams (Science/Commerce/Arts), mode of transportation and personal factors like gender, gym workouts, household activities were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the level of physical activity respectively. Student’s regular participation in physical activity at college level was significantly associated (p<0.05) and were 3.76 times more active than students who did not participate. Regular physical activity schedule at the college level and motivation to participate along with studies will significantly improve the overall performance of the students.

Physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill response of healthy bankers to fitness training.

Sedentary lifestyle as a predisposing factor of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, stroke and obesity is a common phenomenon in the banking job. Studies suggest that fitness training improves health of bankers but has not been established among Ghanaian bankers. This study examined the physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill responses of relatively healthy bankers to fitness training. Twelve bankers aged 28 to 55 years (36.41±7.16 years) in Kumasi completed a 6-month fitness training program (FTP) of 30-min gym workouts and 1-hr swimming per session. Physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill variables assessments were conducted in three trials: pretraining, midtraining and post-FTP. FTP caused significant decrease in pre-post systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.000), heart rate (P=0.006), waist circumference (P= 0.007), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.007), and bone density (P=0.038). There was significance decrease in body mass index (P=0.047) between pre- and midtraining status. Weight significantly decreased among the three trials (P=0.017). Pre-post opened (P=0.043) and closed (P=0.015) eye balance skills increased significantly. Effects of FTP were significantly higher in female (P<0.05). Participants who were at the stage 1 and 2 hypertensions pretraining became normotensive posttraining. Six months FTP has beneficial effects on the physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill of relatively healthy bankers.

Leisure Time Physical Activity of Students of The Institute of Health Sciences at The State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów

Introduction: Physical activity, apart from enhancing proper body functioning, is a natural need of every human being, and taken up regularly brings numerous health benefits. The aim of the research was to define the level of physical activity in leisure time as well as to present the forms of physical activity preferred by students. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the academic year 2017/2018 among the first year students of The State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, majoring in Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Nursing. The survey covered the total of 209 students, 153 females (73.2%) and 56 males (26.8%). A diagnostic survey was applied as the research method, and the empirical material was collected with the use of a questionnaire. Results: The research showed that the level of students’ physical activity varied depending on both sex and the field of study. The majority of the respondents (66.5%) showed a low level of physical activity. The female students most frequently practised swimming (22.2%) and running (13.1%), whereas the male students preferred football (32.1%), gym workout (17.9%) and, similarly to the females, swimming (14.3%). Conclusions: On the basis of the research results and the formulated conclusions it can be stated that taking decisive and effective actions in order to develop positive attitudes towards physical culture among children and youth and to prepare them for lifelong care for their body should be a priority.