Guppy Fish Poecilia Research Articles

Transcriptional effects in the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara exposed to sanitary sewage in laboratory and in situ

The urban growth has increased sanitary sewage discharges in coastal ecosystems, negatively affecting the aquatic biota. Mangroves, one of the most human-affected coastal biomes, are areas for reproduction and nursing of several species. In order to evaluate the effects of sanitary sewage effluents in mangrove species, this study assessed the hepatic transcriptional responses of guppy fish Poecilia vivipara exposed to sanitary sewage 33% (v:v), using suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH), high throughput sequencing of RNA (Ion-proton) and quantification of transcript levels by qPCR of some identified genes in fish kept in a sewage-contaminated environment. Genes identified are related predominantly to xenobiotic biotransformation, immune system and sexual differentiation. The qPCR results confirmed the induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), glutathione S transferase A-like (GST A-like) methyltransferase (MET) and UDP glycosyltransferase 1A (UDPGT1A), and repression of complement component C3 (C3), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1), and transferrin (TF) in the laboratory experiment. In the field exposure, the transcript levels of CYP1A, DMRT1, MET, GST A-like and UDPGT1A were higher in fishes exposed at the contaminated sites compared to the reference site. Chemical analysis in fish from the laboratory and in situ experiments, and surface sediment from the sewage-contaminated sites revealed relevant levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). These data reinforce the use of P. vivipara as a sentinel for monitoring environmental contamination in coastal regions.

Anthropogenic Factors Driving Recent Range Expansion of the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi.

The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is found in wide tracts of Asia and the Middle East. The discovery of its presence for the first time in the island of Sri Lanka in 2017, poses a threat of malaria resurgence in a country which had eliminated the disease in 2013. Morphological and genetic characterization showed that the efficient Indian urban vector form An. stephensi sensu stricto or type form, has recently expanded its range to Jaffna and Mannar in northern Sri Lanka that are in proximity to Tamil Nadu state in South India. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene in An. stephensi in Jaffna and Mannar in Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu and Puducherry states in South India showed that a haplotype that is due to a sequence change from valine to methionine in the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 present in the Jaffna and Mannar populations has not been documented so far in Tamil Nadu/Puducherry populations. The Jaffna An. stephensi were closer to Tamil Nadu/Puducherry populations and differed significantly from the Mannar populations. The genetic findings cannot differentiate between separate arrivals of the Jaffna and Mannar An. stephensi from Tamil Nadu or a single arrival and dispersion to the two locations accompanied by micro-evolutionary changes. Anopheles stephensi was observed to undergo preimaginal development in fresh and brackish water domestic wells and over ground cement water storage tanks in the coastal urban environment of Jaffna and Mannar. Anopheles stephensi in Jaffna was resistant to the common insecticides deltamethrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Malathion. Its preimaginal development in wells and water tanks was susceptible to predation by the larvivorous guppy fish Poecilia reticulata. The arrival, establishment, and spread of An. stephensi in northern Sri Lanka are analyzed in relation to anthropogenic factors that favor its range expansion. The implications of the findings for global public health challenges posed by malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases are discussed.

Potention of Giving Earth-Worm Food Lumbricus rubellus Toward Colour Alteration To The Guppy Poecilia reticulata

The research entitled “Potention of Giving Earth-Worm Food Lumbricus rubellus Toward Colour Alteration to The Guppy Fish Poecilia reticulata” was aimed to find the influence of earth-worm Lumbricus rubellus extra increment toward colour alteration to the guppy fish Poecilia reticulata. The research was conducted for a month using three kind treatments of food, those were W0 (food composed of fish meal without earth-worm, Lumbricus rubellus), W1 (composed of fish meal with earth-worm Lumbricus rubellus), and W2 (composed of earth-worm Lumbricus rubellus without fish meal). The available aquariums were 3 units with sized 12cm x 20cm x 20 cm. The cultivated test fish (± 3 cm) were acclimated for 2 days. Three test fish placed into three experiment aquarium each. Formulation of food intake was 3% based on the weight of the fish and was given 2 times a day. The parameter of water quality measured in this research were temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Data analysis using henry and grime formula (1993). The result of the research showed that there was an increasing of caratenoid in guppy fish Poecilia reticulata for each treatment of W0, W1 and W2 treatments. The high carotenoid increasing occured in W2.

Support sustainability of biodiversity by different kind of feed for acher fish (Toxotes jaculatrix) in 8ppt saline water

Kadarini T. 2015. Support sustainability of biodiversity by different kind of feed for acher fish (Toxotes jaculatrix) in 8ppt saline water. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 2034-2038. Efforts to protect the natural biodiversity of fish species archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) include adaptation and culture activities of archerfish. In nature, archerfish live in brackish water and feed insects perched on plants. Unique habit is to get the fish feed will spray water upwards until it reaches 1.5 m. The research objective was to determine the type of feed on the archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) which aquacultured in the 8 ppt salinity. The study was conducted at the Center for Research and Development of Ornamental Fish Culture Depok, West Java. Containers used 12 units of aquarium measuring 50x40x50 cm3. Fish was stocked at a density of 10 animals/container. The kind of feed given is as follows (i) maggot larvae Hermitia illucans, (ii) adult termites Macrotermis gilvus, (iii) yellow meal worm Tenebrio molitor and (iv) guppy fish Poecilia reticulata. The parameters observed were water quality, growth, and survival rate. The results showed that the guppy fish is the best feed with a survival rate of 80%.

Determination of Contamination and Bioavailabilities of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) in the Serdang Urban Lake by Using Guppy Fish Poecilia reticulata

The guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata and the lake surface sediments were collected from the Serdang Lake in August 2005. Both the fish and the sediment samples were analyzed for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni. The ranges of metal concentrations (μg g-1 dry weight) in the fish were 0.160-11.1 μg g-1 for Cu; 64.6-174 μg g-1 for Zn; 0.400-4.03 μg g-1 for Cd; 3.27-12.1 μg g-1 for Ni and 19.5-50.9 μg g-1 for Pb. In the sediment, the ranges of metal concentrations were 1.97-62.1 μg g-1 for Cu; 31.6-274 μg g-1 for Zn; 1.92-3.17 μg g-1 for Cd; 60.2-94.8 μg g-1 for Ni and 3.23-42.1 μg g-1 for Pb. It was found that the concentrations of Zn was the highest found in both fish and sediment samples, followed by Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd. The similar pattern of heavy metal occurrence was found in the fish and in the sediment, indicated that the fish could be used as a potential biomonitor for metal contamination in the freshwater ecosystem. Since P. reticulata are widely distributed in lakes and in almost all of the urban drainage, this fish species is a very potential biomonitor of heavy metal bioavailabilites in the polluted freshwater ecosystem of Malaysia.