Gun Turret Research Articles

Algorithm for synthesis of plane gears according to the constant curvature criterion

This paper presents an algorithm for synthesizing plane gears based on the constant curvature criterion. The derived formulas for pinion gears can be applied in various mechanisms, including clockwork mechanisms, gun turret aiming systems, lifting and transport mechanisms, and planetary gearboxes with tracked propellers. These formulas enable effective analysis of transmission operation and optimal value selection, leading to more rational design and increased efficiency of the entire mechanism. Internal gearing technology allows for significant reductions in drive dimensions and metal consumption compared to traditional involute gears. Improving the technical characteristics of mechanical drives can be achieved by optimizing pinion gear design. This study focuses on the analysis of pinion gears, which reduce profile slippage and transmission wear, resulting in increased efficiency and convenience of operation. Additionally, pinion gears are technologically advanced and reliable. This work develops a mathematical model of a pinion transmission as a flat gearing with a constant gear ratio, providing a foundation for further research and practical applications.

Design and research of the ground robotic system structure for weapons remote control

During hostilities, ground robotic systems play an important role in minimizing losses of servicemen and suspending the combat capabilities of troops. For firing, robotic complexes are equipped with gun turrets. Researchers are conducting research to improve the performance, reliability and firing accuracy of such turrets. This work describes the design and research of an experimental sample of a ground robotic system, which is equipped with a turret for controlling the position of a machine gun. The description and results of experimental studies of dynamic loads during robot movement at different speeds and road conditions are presented. It was established that the values of the maximum accelerations that must be worked out by the stabilization system during operation for the experimental design of the robot do not exceed 20 rad/s2. The possibility of using counterweights was considered to reduce the torque of the turret guidance drive while reducing the dimensions of the robotic system structure. The description of the experimental module equipped with a control and measurement system and the results of experimental studies on determining the power of the turret drives during the manipulation of the structure are presented. A procedure of dynamic analysis and the results of modeling the movement of the gun turret in the ANSYS software package are presented. The proposed method for designing the structure ensures the determination of the impact on the structure of the complex shape of loads caused by its manipulation, to compensate for the exciting loads when the robotic system is moved over the terrain. With the help of this method, it is possible to determine and minimize the power, and therefore the energy consumption, of azimuth and lifting electric drives at the design stage

Research on dynamic characteristics of gun turret under launching load

The purpose of this study is to further study the dynamic characteristics of gun turret under firing load. Firstly, the relative motion between inner ring and outer ring was decomposed into axial translational motion, radial translational motion and rotational freedom in two orthogonal radial planes in order to solve the problem of large number of ball bearings and complex contact calculation in the actual structure of turret ring. Then, the equivalent dynamic mathematical model of turret ring was established. Based on the finite element method, the turret ring is equivalent to Bushing with body-body connection type, Multi-point constraints algorithm and Deformable Behavior attribute. The equivalent stiffness of the turret ring is set as linear stiffness, and the turret dynamic model is established. The dynamic response simulation of the turret under the action of firing load was carried out. The acceleration sensor was arranged at the left trunnion position of the turret, and the acceleration generated by the transient force during firing was measured at the left trunnion position. The results showed that the test value of the acceleration at the left trunnion position was 1304.38m /s2,the simulation value of the turret dynamic model is 1425 m/s2, and the error is 8.46%, which verifies the accuracy of the turret dynamic model and indicates that the turret dynamic model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the turret well.

Multi-objective design optimization of a Turret’s U-bracket mounted on moving platform

This paper aims to model and design a lightweight U-bracket for two degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanism used to carry a machine gun. The mechanism is called a weapon station or a gun turret and can be mounted on any mobile platform. Due to the movement of the platform and the gun recoil force, the gun turret is subjected to high disturbances. So, to get better performances in terms of distributed efforts, stability and precision, the mechanism has to be optimally designed. The trunnion axis offset corresponding to higher dynamic and structural performance was determined based on probabilistic analysis and finite element simulations. Then, the co-simulation between MATLAB and ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) was performed to get the optimal shape of the U-bracket by minimizing its mass, and maximizing its first natural frequency subjected to maximum stress constraint. To solve this constrained optimization problem, the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) technique was used. Through numerical simulations, the proposed approach shows the ability to provide a generic methodology to design the U-bracket of a 2-DOF weapon station efficiently.

End control damping algorithm for a stabilized gun turret system for the satisfaction of the collision avoidance requirement

This paper presents a collision avoidance algorithm for stabilized gun turrets and its real-time implementation. With the help of new collision avoidance algorithm, all types of turrets can be driven more efficiently and safely according to the specified speed, acceleration and jerk limits. Even in situations such as avoiding obstacles, deceleration/acceleration, if the user issues new commands which does not cause a collision, the algorithm starts to apply the new commands providing flexibility to the user. Since all possible worst scenarios are examined one by one, it is guaranteed that the algorithm provides collision free motion in both simulations and real-time tests. A configuration space where worst scenarios can occur is created for the performance measurement of the algorithm, and the same space is used in all tests. By giving different speed commands in the specified configuration space, the performance of the algorithm at different speeds is observed on the stabilized gun turret. For the measurement of the performance under the noisy speed commands, a custom noisy speed command of about 1000 s is created and both simulation and real-time tests are performed. As a result of these tests, it is shown that there is no collision. Finally, by adding cascade position control loop, the departure from the starting point to the desired target point is achieved without any collision. The most important feature that distinguishes this algorithm from others is both speed and position can be controlled and during transition phase, the target point can be changed instantly. In addition, no target position is required for the system to move collision-free, only axis speed commands are sufficient. Since the algorithm does not intervene in the speed and torque loops in contrast to potential field-based methods, it can be added to ready-to-use systems by manipulating only the speed references.

A Shooting and Control Application of Four-Legged Robots with a Gun Turret

This study aims at designing and modeling a four-legged (quadruped) mobile robot and a movable gun turret placed on this robot. Gun barrel stabilization was carried out with the PID control method in order to increase the success of the system in target tracking and ballistic control. The success of the designed stabilizer was tested by simulating shots for fixed targets while the four-legged robot walked at a constant speed. The system was tested for ten different scenarios, and the results were presented with tables and graphs. The mean tracking error value of scenarios was as 0.099 m, and the standard deviation was 0.0443. The results show that a four-legged robot with a movable gun turret can be used in practical applications in the defense industry with the proposed ballistic stabilization method.

Realization of the Gun Turret Stabilization on the Four-Legged Robot

Silah kulesi stabilizasyon çalışmaları ile geliştirilen savunma teknolojilerinin önemi günümüzde gittikçe artmaktadır. Robot teknolojisinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak gelecekte savunma sistemlerinde robotların kullanımı da kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Bu çalışmada 4 ayaklı bir robot üzerine yerleştirilmiş silah kulesinin stabilizasyonu ele alınmıştır. Bunun için, üzerine namlu sistemi yerleştirilmiş 4 bacaklı bir robotun düzlemsel hareketini temsil eden bir matematiksel model elde edilmiştir. Sistem, toplamda 12 bağımsız eksenden oluşmaktadır. PID kontrol yöntemi kullanılarak robotun hareketli durumlarında namlunun stabilizasyonu için kontroller gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile, üzerine silah kulesi yerleştirilmiş dört ayaklı bir robotun, savunma sanayisinde kullanılabileceği ve namlu stabilizasyonunun gerçeklenebileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Simülasyonlar için MATLAB paket programı kullanılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar grafiksel olarak irdelenmiştir.

대공포 포탑의 모터 제동장치 개선 연구

Air Defense System requires fast movement of the turret to detect and attack the flying target of enemy. In order for the air defense system to operate accurately and properly, it is necessary to optimize the design of the motor brake system. The air defense system that is not designed properly has possibility of low performance of the gun turret and environment of operators. The previous air defense system had such flaw in its design and it caused much noise and current in the operation of the turret. In order to resolve this flaw, we changed the position and design of the components of the motor brake system to reduce load and achieved the 62.5% reduced current and 40% reduced noise of the motor brake system compared to the previous design.

Making archaeology cool with dry-ice cleaning

Conservators can use the conceptually simple technology to remove corrosion on wrought-iron objects such as the gun turret recovered from the wreck of the USS Monitor.

Modelling and optimisation of active front wheel steering system control for armoured vehicle for firing disturbance rejection

While firing on the move, the handling performance of an armoured vehicle is affected, thus causing it to lose its directional stability. This is due to an impulse force generated at the centre of the gun turret, which can produce an unwanted yaw moment at the centre of gravity of the armoured vehicle. In order to reject the unwanted yaw moment, a new hybrid control strategy known as Neural-PI controller had been introduced by combining neural network system and conventional PI controller. This paper developed 14 DOF of armoured vehicle and 2 DOF of Pitman arm steering system. Other than that, determination of the most suitable activation function to be implemented in the Neural-PI controller has been carried out and optimised by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The performance of the controller was evaluated by comparing the conventional PI controller with the Neural-PI controller implemented with different activation functions.

Modelling and optimisation of active front wheel steering system control for armoured vehicle for firing disturbance rejection

While firing on the move, the handling performance of an armoured vehicle is affected, thus causing it to lose its directional stability. This is due to an impulse force generated at the centre of the gun turret, which can produce an unwanted yaw moment at the centre of gravity of the armoured vehicle. In order to reject the unwanted yaw moment, a new hybrid control strategy known as Neural-PI controller had been introduced by combining neural network system and conventional PI controller. This paper developed 14 DOF of armoured vehicle and 2 DOF of Pitman arm steering system. Other than that, determination of the most suitable activation function to be implemented in the Neural-PI controller has been carried out and optimised by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The performance of the controller was evaluated by comparing the conventional PI controller with the Neural-PI controller implemented with different activation functions.

Development of estimated disturbance rejection feedback for an armoured vehicle using active front wheel steering

An unwanted yaw motion occurred at the centre of gravity (CG) of the wheeled armoured vehicle caused by the impulse force generated during gun turret firing. The recoil force from the gun fire tends to create instability conditions for the armoured vehicle during firing condition and affects the dynamic performance of armoured vehicle in lateral direction. In this paper, an active safety system, active front wheel steering (AFWS) system using estimated disturbance rejection feedback (EDRF) embodiment is proposed to reject the unwanted yaw disturbance and stabilise the armoured vehicle. Besides, the proposed control strategy is also used to re-position the armoured vehicle back to its initial position. Therefore, a summation moment reference input is used to counter back the unwanted firing moment occurred due to gun firing impulse at CG of the armoured vehicle. The armoured vehicle is evaluated via simulation analysis in term of yaw rate, yaw angle, vehicle sideslip angle, lateral acceleration and lateral displacement. Significant improvements up to 75% have been achieved by using the proposed control strategy of AFWS system to reject the external disturbance due to the firing force.

Experimental Determination and Analytical Model of Friction Torque of a Double Row Roller Slewing Bearing

In this paper, investigation on the friction torque of a double row roller slewing bearing which is operated in the azimuth axis of a gun turret is performed. For this purpose, a friction measurement test setup is designed and friction torque measurements are conducted. Tests are performed at low speeds and various loading conditions. Friction sources are decoupled and examined separately in order to fully understand effect of each component on friction torque of the slewing bearing. Therefore, friction caused by rolling motion and friction caused by two different types of lip seals are investigated. In addition, friction identification analyses are performed. In the analysis, load distribution of the bearing is calculated by finite element analysis software and rolling motion is simulated with a multibody-dynamic analysis program. In the end, analyses results are compared and verified with the test results.

Development of Gun Turret Drive Stabilization System with a Microcontroller and Implementation on a Model Tank

Nowadays and in the future, high mobility combat troops will be needed instead of the steady troops in the battlefields. The mobility of troops improves the effect of incursion and prevents troops from becoming an easy target. Mobile gun systems move and vibrate easily because of rough land. Thus, shooting the target and the likelihood of hitting target successfully becomes more difficult for tank gunners. In order to improve the like hood of hitting target and shoot straight, the gun barrel on the turret of a mobile tank has to be stable in the target region.

1103 “FROM BATS AND SHIPS TO PROSTATE AND KIDNEYS” A BRIEF HISTORY OF ULTRASOUND IN UROLOGY

You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology Forum1 Apr 20131103 “FROM BATS AND SHIPS TO PROSTATE AND KIDNEYS” A BRIEF HISTORY OF ULTRASOUND IN UROLOGY HEMANT NEMADE, AMRITH RAO, and PETER THOMPSON HEMANT NEMADEHEMANT NEMADE LONDON, United Kingdom More articles by this author , AMRITH RAOAMRITH RAO SLOUGH, United Kingdom More articles by this author , and PETER THOMPSONPETER THOMPSON LONDON, United Kingdom More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.695AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ultrasound (US) technology has upgraded its position within the armamentarium of urologists, not just for diagnosis, but also for interventions such as ESWL, HIFU, Ultrasonic-Scalpel with exciting future prospects like histotripsy. History of US is even more exciting as the technology that was developed for ships has permeated into medicine METHODS Literature review was carried out regarding its evolution focussing on American contribution. Correspondences with pioneers contributed immensely. Rare photographs are presented. RESULTS The history can be traced to an Italian priest Spallanzani (1794) who demonstrated bats navigate in the dark with high-frequency inaudible sound. Curie (1881) established a connection between electricity, pressure on crystalline material creating the breakthrough for a transducer. In 1914, with Titanic sinking, Langevin invented the hydrophone to detect icebergs! SONAR was used to detect submarines in WWI. US in medicine started initially with applications in therapy rather than diagnosis! Dussik (1930's), a psychiatrist used hyperphonography to diagnose brain tumours. In 1960's, Holmes was the first to image a dog bladder using a B-29 gun turret! In 1969, Holm (urologist), performed ultrasonically-guided puncture of a renal cyst and in 1973 developed a transurethral scanner. In 1963, Takahashi described TRUS for prostate, a technique previously employed for rectal pathology. Watanabe (1976) first obtained spectrogram of Doppler from the renal vessels. Mulvaney (1953) reported fragmentation of calculi by ultrasound paving the way for lithotripsy. Kurth (1977) reported the first use of ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal calculi. Lynn (1942) introduced the concept of HIFU, and in Urology was initially used for BPH and subsequently for prostate and renal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The history of US is fascinating and its journey into urological diagnosis and applications is even more exciting. However, its history will not stop as of today as more interesting developments are on the anvil. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e452 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information HEMANT NEMADE LONDON, United Kingdom More articles by this author AMRITH RAO SLOUGH, United Kingdom More articles by this author PETER THOMPSON LONDON, United Kingdom More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

The Excavation, Conservation, Storage, and Display of Rubber Artifacts Recovered From the USS Monitor (1862)

In joint research efforts between the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Navy, and the Mariners' Museum, more than 50 rubber artifacts have been recovered from the rotating gun turret and steam engine of the USS Monitor. These rubber items include a glass jar seal, a comb, uniform buttons, and pipe gaskets. Waterlogged rubber artifacts from a highly saline environment present a unique opportunity for examining current conservation issues such as handling, treatment, and storage of rubber objects manufactured during the Civil War. Research into conservation treatments, such as chemical cleaning and electrophoresis, was conducted to determine the efficacy of specific methods to remove chlorides and corrosion products. Oxygen-free storage, using the Mitsubishi RP System, was elected as a preventive conservation step. The opening of the USS Monitor Center, a state-of-the-art laboratory and exhibition gallery for objects from the Monitor, has afforded the opportunity to increase public awareness of conservation processes through interactive exhibits and laboratory viewing stations.

Disturbance rejection control of a light armoured vehicle using stability augmentation based active suspension system

This paper introduces the mathematical model of 12 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) light armoured vehicle, which consists of eight DOF in vertical motion of eight tyres, three DOF in vertical, roll and pitch motions of vehicle body and one DOF in angular motion of gun turret relative to weapon platform. Two sources of disturbance considered in this study are road irregularities and reaction force at the weapon platform. The results of the study show that the stability augmentation based active suspension system is able to significantly improve the dynamic performance of the light armoured vehicle compared with the passive system.

Historical Perspectives

Robert McCance and Elsie Widdowson have a special place in the history of neonatal science. Their use of experimentation and observation of human infants and many other species built much of the knowledge of perinatal physiology, particularly that related to nutrition and renal function, which underpins modern neonatology. Neither was a clinical pediatrician, but they had a major influence on the first wave of neonatologists trained in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s. Their stories show how the combination of intellectual curiosity and practical skill can lead to new knowledge in unexpected directions. Robert McCance was born in Northern Ireland in 1898. He joined the newly formed Royal Naval Air Service in the First World War and flew an observation aircraft launched from a gun turret on a battleship. After the war, he worked on a farm for 6 months before studying natural sciences at the University of Cambridge from 1919 to 1922. He joined the biochemistry laboratory of Fredrick Gowland Hopkins (1929 Nobel laureate in Medicine for his work on vitamins and beriberi) and obtained his PhD. In 1926, McCance moved to King's College Hospital, London, to complete his clinical training in medicine and worked part-time in the biochemical and diabetic department. This was the era before insulin, and he worked on separating different carbohydrates in cooked fruits and vegetables. It was important to know which carbohydrates could be metabolized as fuel (eg, glucose, fructose, sucrose) and which could not (eg, polysaccharides now classed as fiber). He progressed to analyzing the content of meat and fish. In 1933, while sampling joints of meat in the hospital kitchens, he met Elsie Widdowson, a trainee dietitian, and their 60-year scientific partnership began. Elsie Widdowson was born in 1906 in southeast London. She was inspired by her chemistry teacher at …

Thank You Very Much, Captain Ericsson (review)

Reviewed by: Thank You Very Much, Captain Ericsson Elizabeth Bush Wooldridge, Connie Nordhielm Thank You Very Much, Captain Ericsson; illus. by Andrew Glass. Holiday House, 200532p ISBN 0-8234-1626-7$16.95 Ad Gr. 3-5 Nineteenth-century inventor John Ericsson couldn't seem to find a market for his inventions. The English wanted neither his fire engine with the steam-powered pump, nor his zippy steam locomotive, nor his screw-propellered tugboat; the French turned down his ironclad warship. Americans, however, seemed more receptive to Ericsson's ideas, first exploiting (and taking credit for) his nimble warship the Princeton, then commissioning an improved version of the ironclad spurned by Napoleon III. The odd-looking affair with the revolving gun turret was christened Monitor, and in 1862 she sent the Confederate Merrimac, or Virginia as it was known at the time, into retreat and successfully defended the Union blockade at Hampton Roads. Wooldridge's telling is lively, her appended notes on Ericsson helpful, her timeline and bibliography useful. The story is painted with a pretty broad brush, though; readers who don't understand blockading won't find it well defined here, and those who want to know more about the design of the Monitor itself are out of luck. Glass' grainily textured mixed-media illustrations offer an energetic, quasi-comical view of Ericsson's entrepreneurial setbacks, but they don't do much to highlight the Monitor either. Although the fact that she rode low in the water does make her a challenge to capture in action, bisecting the ship with the book's gutter at her moment of battle glory seems a poor compositional choice. [End Page 57] Naval enthusiasts can turn to Patrick O'Brien's The Great Ships (BCCB 2/02) for quick supplemental background. Copyright © 2005 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The USS Iowa Disaster: Success of the Forensic Dental Team

The authors record the contributions of dentistry to the identification of the crew members who were in one of the most significant peacetime military accidents in U.S. Navy history-the April 1989 explosion in a gun turret on the battleship USS Iowa and the deaths of 47 U.S. Navy personnel. Dental identification was the primary means of identification for most because a very high percentage of the bodies were burned or fragmented. The dental-identification team's success was a direct result of its preparedness, its use of dental personnel with mass-disaster experience, and the overall excellent quality of the antemortem dental records. The dental-identification team's successful involvement in the USS Iowa tragedy was considered a model for success and therefore was instrumental in contributing to the development of the American Board of Forensic Odontology "Guidelines for the Development of a Disaster Dental Identification Team."