Gumboro Vaccine Research Articles

Correlation Between Live Weight and Carcass Weight and Giblet Weight In Broiler Chickens Given White Turmeric Extract

The objective of this research is to determine the correlation between live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight in broiler chickens given 4% white turmeric extract. This study was conducted from July to September 2024 at the Poultry Unit of the Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University Ambon. The materials used in this research were 60 Cobb strain broiler chickens. The feed provided consisted of BR1 and BR2 produced by PT. Malindo Feedmilk, vita stress, and Gumboro vaccine. The white turmeric extract administered was 40 ml from a total of 1000 ml of drinking water (4% white turmeric extract). The data analysis technique used in this study was simple linear regression statistical testing to examine the effect of the independent variable (live weight) on the dependent variable (carcass weight) of broiler chicken at a significance level (?) = 0.05. Data processing was performed using the SPSS computer program. The results showed that live weight had a very strong (0.992) and positive correlation with carcass weight in broiler chickens given 4% white turmeric extract, while live weight and giblet weight had a strong (0.711) and positive correlation

Economic and Environmental Impact of Poultry Production in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

This study investigated the economic and environmental impact of poultry production in Ilorin, Kwara State. Primary data were used and a sample of 120 poultry farmers through a multistage sampling technique was drawn from the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, OLS regression model and Likert-type scale. The results show that the enterprise incurred an average total variable cost of N135,450.0 and total revenue within the period was estimated to be N192,323.80 which was mainly generated from the sales of poultry birds. The gross margin was found to be N56,873.8 with N0.4199 can be obtained with a unit increase in the poultry production capacity. Thus, the broiler production is a profitable venture in the study area. The empirical finding based on the regression result indicate that, cost of labour, cost of chicks and marital status had positive coefficient and statistically significant in influencing the total revenue level. It means that any increase in their value will increase the revenue level. The result of vaccine/medication administered against diseases revealed that most of the poultry farmers uses Lasota vaccine (88%) against Newcastle disease, a combination of amprolium and coccimapro (27%) each for Coccidiosis, pox off (88%) for fowl pox disease, Gumboro vaccine (65%) for IBD gumboro and their sources of getting the medication/vaccines are majorly from Aromokeye agro vet and One step pharmacy. The analysis shows that among the various ways of waste management, the farmers uses the waste more for fertilizer (28%) followed by selling them (23%) while only (21%) of the farmers burn the waste (especially the dead birds) so as to prevent further spread of diseases on the farm. The empirical findings based on the environmental impact of poultry production reveals that waste generation is the major negative environmental impact of poultry production in the study area. Offensive odour also associated with poor waste management is ranked 2nd, diseases transmission, air pollution and water pollution are among the environmental impact of poultry production in the study area. Poor management system is perceived to be the major constraint, lack of security and government support ranked 2nd is seen as a problem.

Evaluation of AGP, SSA concentration with the relationship of antibody titer in broiler chicken vaccinated with IBD virus

Gumboro or Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases in poultry industry. IBD causes economic losses as a result to mortality and reduction in performance and medicine expenses(de S. B. Fróes et al., 2018). IBD is Severe acute disease of 3-6-week-old birds is associated with high mortality, but a less acute or subclinical disease is common in 0-3-week-old birds (Sali, 2019). IBD virus causes lymphoid depletion of the bursa and if this occurs in the first 2 weeks of life, significant depression of the humoral antibody response may result. The current study aims to measurement of antibody titer and acute phase proteins (AGP and SSA) in broiler chickens subjected to the Gumboro vaccine to explore the intensity of the vaccine strain and the response of both the early innate immune response and late humoral immune responses (antibody titers) raised against the vaccine. A handed Ross 308 chicks were divided into three groups, control, intermediate and intermediate plus vaccine. At 10 days old, the chicks were vaccinated and then blood samples collected at 12, 24 hours, and 10 and 15 days.

A field study on the evaluation of safety and effectiveness of the attenuated Infectious Bursal disease vaccine when applied to day-old chicks at the hatchery

The study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new attenuated Gumboro vaccine, MB-1 in Luong Phuong chickens. A total of 27,700 one-day-old Luong Phuong chicks were vaccinated with the MB-1 vaccine at a dose of 0.1 mL/bird at the hatchery. The results showed that the level of IBD maternal antibodies on the day of vaccination reaching an average titer of 4,857. The MB-1 vaccine virus was in the Bursa of Fabricius from 24 to 36 days old. The Bursa Lesion Score (BLS) was moderate; gradually increased from 0.67 to 3 points and decreased with signs of recovery to 2.33 points at 36 days of age. The Bursa Index at 21 days of age was 0.39% and decreased to 0.1% at 36 days of age. The humoral immune response to ND vaccination was high, reaching an average titer of 4,448 at 42 days of age. Especially, MB-1 induced a strong immune reaction leading to high IBD antibody titers and more uniformity, reaching an average titer of 3,632 with a low CV of 22%. In summary, the application of MB-1 vaccine at the hatchery would provide one-day-old chicks with early localization of the vaccine virus in the Bursa and rapid and uniform development of active IBD antibodies. The MB-1 vaccine did not affect the immune response of chicks to the ND vaccination and was safe for the Bursa when applied to commercial day-old broiler chicks at the hatchery.

Humoral and mucosal immune responses in challenged chickens vaccinated with Infectious bursal disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents

ABSTRACTThe emergence of antigenic variants and very virulent strains of infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV) in vaccinated flocks considerably stimulated research in IBDV vaccine administration. The mucoadhesive and immunopotentials of Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis were explored in vaccine delivery against clinical IBDV in broiler chickens. A total of 400 chicks were successfully brooded and raised from day old for commencement of this experiment. The birds were randomly distributed into eight groups with an average of 50 birds per group comprising: Gums-Gumboro Vaccine Ocular (infected) (GGVOC), Gumboro Vaccine alone Ocular (infected) (GVOC), Gums alone Ocular (infected) (GOC), Gums-Gumboro Vaccine Oral (infected) (GGVOR), Gumboro Vaccine alone Oral (infected) (GVOR), Gums alone Oral (infected) (GOR), No-Vaccine-No-Gums (infected) (NVNG/i), and No-Vaccine-No-Gums (not infected) (NVNG). On a weekly basis, 1.5mls of blood were collected from 5 birds and 3 birds euthanized per group for serological analysis and mucosal washings (trachea and intestine) respectively. Data obtained were analyzed and sample to positive ratio calculated. The post 1st vaccination trachea IgG antibody response was moderately higher in the ocular groups than the oral groups. It was also high in the VOC, GVOC, GOC, VOR groups than the GVOR groups. The antibody response (IgG) pre and post 1st vaccination, post 2nd vaccination and post infection from serum, trachea and intestinal washes showed that by week 1 Post 1st vaccination, there was insignificant increase in titer serum response of the gum-vaccine ocular group compared to the vaccine ocular alone while both groups were insignificantly higher than the oral group. Overall, serum titer showed a rapid response with spiked significant response by 48h pi in the gum vaccine groups (especially GVOR), which peaks by day 3 and remains insignificantly higher throughout the day 7 pi compared to vaccine alone groups. In conclusion, use of the mucilage from C. odorata and K. senegalenses in equal proportion has given better enhancement of the response to IBDV vaccination and premise for further investigations for improvement against IBD.

Detection Limits Of Live Attenuated Poultry Viral Vaccine Testing Method For Detection Of Bacterial Contamination

A total number of 27 vaccine vials including 3 batches of 3 different types of live attenuated poultry viral vaccines (tissue culture Gumboro vaccine, egg adapted colored ILT vaccine and egg adapted non colored ILT vaccine) were experimentally contaminated with 1,5,10 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium reference strain/dose then subjected for sterility testing as referenced in OIE. Further dilution was carried out of vaccines showing negative results. The results of statical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between direct inoculation of the vaccines and their dilutions. It could be concluded that the applied testing method is appropriate for testing sterility of living attenuated poultry viral vaccines but testing of some of such vaccines need further dilutions to obtain accurate results.

EFFECTS OF ACTIVE GUMBORO VACCINE OF INTERMEDIATE STRAIN HIGH PATHOGENICITY ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF BURSA FABRICIUS AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER TO VACCINATION AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE

This experiment was designed to study the effects of active Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity on the morphology of bursa Fabricius and the immune response of broiler to vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND). This experiment was conducted in 330 broilers, which were vaccinated with aviive Gumboro vaccine of high, intermediate and low pathogenicity (control) at the age of 12 days. Experimental chickens were also vaccinated against ND at the age of 4 and 18 days. Diameter of bursas were measured at day 1st through 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th post Gumboro vaccination. Evaluation of hemaggutination inhibition (HI) liters against ND virus (NDV) were done only at day 7th, 14th, 2lth, 28th and 35th. Samples of bursa were stained with the method of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Pathologic evaluation revealed lesions in the bursa Fabricius of chickens vaccinated with Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity as well as changes in the diameter of bursa of lesions in this organ. The HI titers against NDV were lower in the group of chickens vaccinated with Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity compared with them of other groups. Results indicated that active Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity caused lesions in the bursa,which were similar to lesions caused by exposure to field Gumboro virus.

Evaluation of Toxicom on Broilers Fed Mycotoxin Contaminated Ration and Vaccinated Against Gumboro

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine adsorbent (Toxicom) 5g\kg diet against the toxic effects of mixed mycotoxins in growing broiler chickens. Total 75 chicks, one week age, were divided into 5 treated groups,15 birds for each. The first group (G1) fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxin and supplemented with toxicom 5g/kg of diet and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The second group (G2) was fed a ration contaminated with mycotoxin and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age and not supplemented with toxicom. The third group (G3) was fed intact broiler ration and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The fourth group (G4) was only fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxins. The fifth group (G5) was fed intact broiler ration as a control group. The diet was naturally contaminated with many mycotoxins and analyzed by ELISA and the level of mycotoxins were as follows : Aflatoxin B1 0.001 mg/kg, Dezoxivalenol 1.24 mg/kg, Zearalenon 0.068 mg/kg, Ochratoxin 0.005 mg/kg, T2 toxin 0.09 mg/kg, Fuminisen B1 0.2 mg/kg. The antibody titers for Infectious Bursal Disease vaccine (IBDv) was conducted by ELISA. It was concluded that this preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine is protect chickens body weight and decrease the effect of mycotoxins in comparison with the other groups and recommended for using as adsorbent in Republic of Belarus.

Tissue distribution of B-lymphocyte subsets (IgA, IgG and IgM) in the mucosa and lymphoid tissues of broilers immunized with Gumboro vaccine

The present research was designed to study the histological and immunohistochemical changes of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and cecal tonsil) and in the ileum (representative mucosal organ) of broiler chickens after immunization with Gumboro vaccine. Two groups (n=24) of Cobb-500 broiler chickens were reared in a same environment A mild vaccine (BUR® 706) followed by a intermediate (Nobilis® Gumboro 228 E) type vaccine was administered for immunization of chickens and samples were collected at 7 days interval for up to 32 days of age. The conventional histological structure of all three organs of the present study was similar to the earlier reports. In addition, in the bursa of Fabricius, the population of lymphocytes and the size of the follicles were found to increase in vaccinated chickens than the control chickens. The Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were distributed principally beneath the capsule, around the follicles and in the cortex and medulla. The frequencies of IgG- and IgM- positive cells were more than the IgA-positive cells in the bursa of vaccinated group. IgM-positive cells became peak at day 25 and started to decline at day 32 in the bursa of Fabricius of vaccinated groups of chickens. In the cecal tonsils and ileum, the Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) distributed around the intestinal gland and within the lymphatic nodules of the lamina propria, in the core of the villi, and within the epithelium in both the control and vaccinated chickens. Their frequency per 0.1 mm2 area of the lamina propria and in the epithelium was increased abruptly in the vaccinated group than the control broiler chickens. Like bursa, in the cecal tonsil and ileum of vaccinated chickens, the frequencies of IgG- and IgM-positive cells were also more than IgA-positive cells. The present study suggested that, the Igs positive cells were greatly accelerated in the vaccinated chickens than the control chickens and it may be due to immunomodulatory effect of vaccine.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.14154Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 13-19

Evaluation of live gumboro vaccine prepared from local variant strain for control of infectious bursal disease in Egypt

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate live Gumboro (IBD) vaccine prepared from local variant isolated strain (Egy-IBD Var 2009 Vp2 gene-, partial cds submitted in gen bank at accession no. : JN 118617) for controlling IBD problem in Egypt. Material and Methods: Local isolated variant strain was adapted on Baby Grivet Monkey kidney cell line -70(BGM-70) 7.5 4.5 used for preparation of tissue culture (T.C) live vaccine. T.C IBDV had a titer of 10 TCID /ml (10 TCID per dose) after 50 50 five passages in BGM-70 cell culture. Evaluation of prepared vaccine was done in vitro by measuring ELISA, and in vivo by protection % against very virulent or variant field IBD isolated strains. Result: Evaluation revealed that the prepared vaccine was safe; sterile; pure; non-immunosuppressive; and efficient. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) of ELISA for the prepared vaccine was 8271 and more than 10000 in compared with different commercial IBD vaccines; while protection percentage gave 96-100%; 92-96% and 96-98% in groups vaccinated with commercial (intermediate; intermediate plus and classical) IBD vaccines; respectively in compared to 96-100% in group vaccinated with local prepared vaccine when challenged with very virulent or variant IBD isolated strains. Conclusion: We can use live T.C. IBD vaccine prepared from local variant isolated virus strain as method for control IBD disease in Egypt.

Effect of Ceftiofur Sodium on the Immune Response of Broilers Vaccinated with a Newly Developed Gumboro Vaccine

The present work was designed to explore the effect of usage of Ceftiofur sodium (Excenel®) 0.2 mg/bird on the immune response of broilers vaccinated with newly developed Gumboro (IBD) vaccine; Vaxxitek® ( herpes virus of turkey that used as a vector expressing the protective gene of IBDV gene ; HVT+IBD vectored vaccine ).One hundered and fifty day old commercial broiler chicken were divided into 5 equal groups as follows:G0: non IBDV vaccinated, non Excenel® treated and non challenged (negative control).G1: non IBDV vaccinated, non Excenel® treated and challenged with vvIBDV isolate on the 28th day of age (positive control).G2 : non vaccinated but Excenel® medicated with 0.2 mg/ bird s/c at day old and on the 14th day old and challenged.G3: Vaxxitek® vaccinated at day old (0.2 ml s/c injection) and Excenel® medicated with 0.2 mg/ bird s/c at day old and on the 14th day old and challenged.G4: Vaxxitek® vaccinated at day old (0.2 ml s/c injection) but not Excenel® medicated and challenged. Non vaccinated birds treated with Excenel® showed significant decrease in the lymphocyte transformation index compared with the chicken of the negative control, G3 chickens displayed significant suppression on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days of age compared with stimulation index of the G4 chickens. Groups 3 and 4 had significantly higher antibody titres than the other groups. After the challenge with vvIBDV strain, G 3 and G4 were significantly with higher ratios .Bursal/body weight index and the protection level of Vaxxitek® against bursal damage , mortality and morbidity was very high so it can be concluded that, the newly developed technologies against IBDV including (HVT-IBD vectored vaccine); Vaxxitek® gives better outcomes on the immune response in birds medicated on Excenel in addition, it provides a very satisfactory protection levels against IBDV that was early and high enough to a level which protects the chickens from the challenge against IBD virus escaping from the immunity gap between the MDA (maternal derived antibodies )decline and vaccine reaction.

Interference of maternal immunity with immune response of broiler chicks vaccinated with Gumboro vaccine

This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of maternal immunity and to find the proper time for vaccination against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chicks with studying levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. One hundred twenty chicks were used and 20 of them were tasted respectively at age of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days. It was observed that the levels of maternally derived antibody (MDA) were detectable up to 14 days of age and then declined to low levels in 21 days using ELISA test whereas globulin level did not show any significant change during the period of study. One hundred forty chicks were used to find the proper time of vaccination; they were divided in to seven groups, and vaccinated with live attenuated intermediate vaccine against IBD with different vaccination programs. The study showed that the second group which vaccinated 7 days and boostered at 14 days old was the best one. Ten chicks of each group were scarified at 28 days and 35 days for blood collection. It was demonstrated that the second group presented a significant elevation in levels of specific antibodies against IBD and globulin.

Passive immunization in infectious bursal disease virus infected birds using chemically purified immune yolk immunoglobulins (IgY)

Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important killer viral disease of poultry. This study was designed for potency testing of immunized yolk in infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus infected birds and to purify yolk immunoglobulin from egg yolk of immunized hens. Twenty commercial layers were raised in poultry shed of the University and were vaccinated with oil based killed Gumboro vaccine twice at an interval of 15 days at the age of 26 weeks interval to get immuned yolk. Eggs were collected at two weeks interval till two and half months after boosting. Immune yolks were purified by chemical means. Antibody titer against IBD in egg yolk and semi purified egg yolk IgY was measured by indirect ELISA kit method. Fifty commercial chicks of 15 days old were divided into eight groups and were reared in poultry shed in the University up to 36 days. The birds were challenged at 30th day and they were provided with passive therapy of immune yolk and semi purified IgY after 3 days of challenge. The birds which received semi purified immune yolk and antibody titre having more or less 3000 showed 20% mortality in each group. In conclusion semi purified IgY and immune yolk having titer more than 4000 were relatively effective in prevention of infectious bursal disease virus infected birds and protective antibody titer remain in yolk for two and half months after killed vaccination. Key words: Infectious, immunoglobulin, bursal disease.

Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, Absolute Humidity, and Evaporation Potential on Survival of Airborne Gumboro Vaccine Virus

Survival of airborne virus influences the extent of disease transmission via air. How environmental factors affect viral survival is not fully understood. We investigated the survival of a vaccine strain of Gumboro virus which was aerosolized at three temperatures (10°C, 20°C, and 30°C) and two relative humidities (RHs) (40% and 70%). The response of viral survival to four metrics (temperature, RH, absolute humidity [AH], and evaporation potential [EP]) was examined. The results show a biphasic viral survival at 10°C and 20°C, i.e., a rapid initial inactivation in a short period (2.3 min) during and after aerosolization, followed by a slow secondary inactivation during a 20-min period after aerosolization. The initial decays of aerosolized virus at 10°C (1.68 to 3.03 ln % min(-1)) and 20°C (3.05 to 3.62 ln % min(-1)) were significantly lower than those at 30°C (5.67 to 5.96 ln % min(-1)). The secondary decays at 10°C (0.03 to 0.09 ln % min(-1)) tended to be higher than those at 20°C (-0.01 to 0.01 ln % min(-1)). The initial viral survival responded to temperature and RH and potentially to EP; the secondary viral survival responded to temperature and potentially to RH. In both phases, survival of the virus was not significantly affected by AH. These findings suggest that long-distance transmission of airborne virus is more likely to occur at 20°C than at 10°C or 30°C and that current Gumboro vaccination by wet aerosolization in poultry industry is not very effective due to the fast initial decay.

Scrubber Capabilities to Remove Airborne Microorganisms and Other Aerial Pollutants from the Exhaust Air of Animal Houses

Two studies were conducted to assess the efficiency of air scrubbers to reduce airborne microorganisms in the exhaust air from animal houses. First, in a field study, the effects of a bio-scrubber and an acid scrubber on total bacterial counts were assessed. Higher bacterial counts were found in the outlet air compared to the inlet air of a bio-scrubber (increase from 6.1 104 to 2.4 105 CFU m-3), while an acid scrubber with sulfuric acid reduced bacterial emissions from 2.7 105 to 8.4 104 CFU m-3. Second, in a laboratory study, the effects of three disinfectants, added to the circulating water of an experimental air scrubber, on reductions of bacteria and virus were tested and compared with the effect of using only water. The air to the scrubber was extracted from four isolators each harboring seven roosters. Enterococcus faecalis and Gumboro vaccine virus were aerosolized in the air of one of the isolators. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.6%), peracetic acid (CH3CO3H; a solution of 0.13% acetic acid, 0.6% peroxide, and 0.13% peracetic acid), or ozone (O3; 0.015%) were used as disinfectants. Peracetic acid was the only disinfectant that reduced bacteria and virus concentrations to below the sampler detection limits. We conclude that an acid scrubber with sulfuric acid is very useful at reducing ammonia emissions to the atmosphere but cannot significantly prevent emissions of microorganisms. Peracetic acid has a high potential to reduce these emissions and could replace or supplement sulfuric acid in existing scrubbers during periods of high risk of disease outbreak.

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBODY TITRE AFTER IBDV VACCINATION USING A LIFE, LIOPHILISED VACCINE IN BROILERS DEPENDING ON ROUTES AND DOSESS OF ADMINISTRATION

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of the route of anti-IBDV vaccine administration on raising the antibody titers and protective efficacy against Gumboro disease. In addition, the maternally derived antibodies titer (MDA) declining pattern was also studied. Seven lots of broiler chicken (n=25) were vaccinated at 14 days of life using Gumboro vaccine Nobilis 223 through the oral route, in drinking water and through the intra-conjunctiva route , in different doses. The quantification of the antibody level in the serum was achieved by the imunoenzymatic test using an ELISA kit IDEXX Laboratories , Inc. Westbrook, ME, 04092 USA. The results obtained showed that after the oral vaccination, the antibody titers raised and reached the value 326, after one dose, 1265 after two doses, and 1630 after three doses, comparative to intra-conjunctiva route in witch case the values obtained were: 232, after one dose, 277, after two doses and 407 after three doses. These results indicated the superiority of vaccination via drinking water (the oral route) compared to the intra-conjunctiva route.

The effect of salivarus on the immune response to Newcastle and Gumboro disease vaccines and on performance

A total of 50 day - old broiler chicks were divided equally into two groups and treated with Lactobacillus salivarus (L S) as follow Group 1: given 3.2X108 cfu/ ml of LS in crop at day 1 of age. Group 2:Untreated control 
 The two groups were vaccinated against Newcastle disease vaccine (ND vac) Lasota strain at age 10, 21, and 35 days direct in the crop. 
 The groups were vaccinated in the crop against Gumboro vaccine (G vac) leukert strain at 5, 14 and 24 day of age. 
 Haemagglutination inhibition test was used and determine antibodies titer (Abt) of (ND vac) and the agar gel precipitating test to 19, 29 and 39 of the chick's age. 
 The result showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in Abt most of the weeks in the first group compared with second groups 
 The performance results showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in the weight, weight gain , feed consumption and feed conversion ratio for chicks treated with LS. 
 It was concluded that oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarus to day – old chicks has a beneficial effect on immune response to ND vac and G vac and on chick's performance.

Comparative sero evaluation of live and killed Gumboro vaccine in broilers

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a fatal disease, which is caused by a Birna virus. Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent virus. Two types of vaccines (live and killed) are normally used to induce immunity. In the present experiment, comparative sero evaluation of live and killed Gumboro vaccine in broilers was carried out. For comparing the titers obtained with the two vaccines, one broiler group was vaccinated with live and the other with killed vaccine. At four points in time serum was collected from these broilers. Serum samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 of age (i.e. before vaccination was administered at 14 days of age) and subsequently on day 28 and day 42 (i.e. 14 and 28 days after vaccination). Collected serum samples were examined to determine antibody titer using the indirect ELISA method. The average maternal antibody titers were 2888.80 and 224.80 on day 0 and day 14 of age, respectively. The average combined titer of killed vaccine was 3582.1 on day 28 and day 42 and the average combined titer of live vaccine was 1513 on days 28 and 42. The efficacy of killed vaccine was higher than that of live vaccine. It was observed that live vaccine induced the desired immunity for a limited period of time. Higher antibody titers were obtained from killed vaccine after live vaccine administration. For these reasons, it is suggested to administer live vaccine first and subsequently the killed vaccine in order to obtain an immediate immune response and subsequently to maintain high antibody titers for a long period.