Guidelines For Tourism Research Articles

Travelers With Disabilities: How Online Information Search Reduces Uncertainty About Service Accessibility in Hospitality and Tourism

Despite the significant number of travelers with disabilities and their substantial contribution to the tourism and hospitality industry, there has been a lack of research exploring the necessary services required by travelers with disabilities during their travels. Therefore, this study aims to identify accessibility issues encountered by travelers with disabilities during their travels and to examine the impact of these issues on their behavior in reducing uncertainty within the online travel community. To achieve the research objectives, the present study performed an integrated approach that combines text analytics and robust regression analysis. The findings of this study provide guidelines for tourism and hospitality management to reduce the perceived uncertainty experienced by travelers with disabilities, thereby promoting the accessibility of tourism and hospitality services.

Community Development Guidelines with a Focus on Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of the Hua Takae Old Market Community

The main objective of this study is to analyze development potentials for the Hua Takae Market Community in order to develop guidelines for strong and self-reliant development. The development concept allowed local residents to participate in and be a part of the guideline development. Research methods included a study of the community’s existing physical, geographical social, and economic aspects, analysis, and setting up community goals and finally development of community tourism guidelines. The results indicate that there are two main development ideas, these being the community development concept and tourism guidelines. The community development concept covers suggestions for facility development that address the needs of both local residents and tourists. The tourism guidelines cover proposed tourist routes and a year-round activity schedule. The proposed method and development is expected to generate higher income for local residents, and give tourists the opportunity to visit and understand traditional lifestyle and culture.

Mountain gorillas benefit from social distancing too: Close proximity from tourists affects gorillas' sociality

AbstractGorilla tourism supports the protection of its ecosystem, benefiting humans and wildlife populations living therein. Assessing to what degree the presence and proximity of tourists affect wildlife aids long‐term benefits. Because wild animals might see human activities as stressors, we hypothesized that the increased presence and proximity of tourists leads to immediate changes in gorilla social cohesion. We constructed social networks from association rates before, during, and after tourist visits, and when tourists were very close (≤3 m) or close (>3 m) to them. Our analysis focused on this distance threshold (≤3 m and >3 m) because the 7 m rule, enforced by the national park, was violated 84% of the time. We showed that gorillas spent more time in closer association after tourists arrived and when tourists were <3 m away from gorillas. Immediate changes were detected in the number of individuals close to each other, the time they spent together and the distance of an individual to all others, indicating that gorillas might increase social cohesion because they perceive tourists as a risk. These results highlight the need to enforce the tourism guidelines (maximum of eight people per group, including park staff; minimum distance of 7 m) to ensure the sustainable success of gorilla tourism.

Exploring Marketing Considerations in Nepalese Tourism during the COVID-affected Era

A tourism sector is one of the major economic wheels of Nepal. Reviving the tourism sector after the outbreak of COVID-19 is a big challenge before Nepal. This study examines tourism marketing practices during COVID-affected era and analyses tourism operators’ adaptation to COVID-19 cautions as prescribed by the WHO guidelines for tourism. Tourism operators of Nepal were surveyed on tourism marketing practices that they adopted during the COVID-19 era. At present most of the tourism businesses are targeting domestic tourists. The study also found that tourism operators emphasised on positioning Nepal as a naturally beautiful and adventurous country. Nepalese tourism businesses have taken the initiative to tackle the challenges during this COVID-affected era. Further studies could refine this study and analyse the effects of various measures taken by tourism business operators during the COVID-affected era.

Behavioural responses of two penguin species to human presence at Barrientos Island, a popular tourist site in the Antarctic Peninsula region

AbstractVisitor Site Guidelines are the principal instruments guiding tourist activities and behaviour at intensively visited sites. These instruments attempt to minimize tourist impacts on Antarctic wildlife, including penguins. However, some recommendations still need to be reinforced by empirical research. Although penguins have enjoyed considerable research attention, a knowledge gap still exists regarding penguins' behavioural responses to realistic tourist activities, including talking sound, viewing distance and movement speed. To fill this gap, we conducted a series of experiments to simulate these activities on two penguin species breeding at an intensively visited site during the 2019–2020 season. We performed 106 replicates of passive and active human presence treatments. Responses varied between species, but active human presence consistently triggered significantly higher responses of strong vigilance behaviour. Our results reinforce Visitor Site Guidelines' recommendations of keeping quiet, moving slowly and increasing viewing distance if changes in behaviour are observed. We also recommend adopting a more conservative viewing distance in the early breeding season. Additional management-orientated empirical studies are needed, including on different species, sites and stages of the breeding season, as such results are valuable for strengthening tourism guidelines and assessing the efficacy of management measures under a post-COVID-19 scenario of increasing Antarctic tourism.

치유관광 체험에 대한 여가심리학적 접근

The purpose of this study is to explore healing tourism experiences from the perspective of leisure psychology. Using the case of templestay expedience and through text mining on the big data of templestay experience, it investigates the dimensions of healing tourism. It also explored the emotions of templestay participants with sentiment analysis. Data were collected from SNS such as facebook, twitter and Youtube, and they were used after refinement. Analyses of data suggests two dimensions of the experiences of healing tourism: (a) environmental experience, which consists of special environment or places from templestay, and (b) healing experience, which is composed of different activities of healing. Results of sentiment analysis on the emotions of the templestay participants indicates that they experienced positive emotions such as good feelings, joy and interest. In addition, results showed that templestay participants’ experience of positive emotion could make an effect on their experience of happiness. However, surprisingly, results also showed that a few templestay participants experience negative feelings such as fear, anger, anxiety, which may be experienced as a part of healing. This study will be able to contribute to healing tourism by providing researchers with useful data of participants’ experience and by suggesting practitioners with healing tourism guidelines.

Mengukur Pembangunan Pelancongan Warisan berdasarkan Petunjuk Pelancongan Lestari di Melaka Tengah

This article discusses the use of the sustainability concept in the development of heritage tourism conducted in Bandar Melaka lately. The study was conducted on the local community knowledge of the development that took place around the city of Melaka and its implications on the environment and historic buildings. The objective of the study is to identify the level of knowledge of the population, tourism development and the impact of tourism development on the sustainability of heritage tourism based on the Guidelines for Sustainable Tourism in Bandar Melaka. A total of 382 respondents living around Bandar Melaka were selected as respondents for the study. Data were collected using a simple random sampling method through a questionnaire form and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Overall, the level of knowledge of local people about the development of heritage tourism in Central Melaka is high (M = 3.92, SP = 0.37), the level of change in the development of heritage tourism is high (M = 3.67, SP = 0.26) while the impact of tourism development on the sustainability of heritage tourism was also at a high level (M = 4.07, SP = 0.17). In conclusion, changes in tourism development affect the sustainability of heritage tourism in Central Melaka. The implications of this study can be used as a guideline for the Melaka State Government and Local Authorities in planning the development of sustainable heritage tourism based on the Sustainable Tourism Guidelines.

Growth of Halal Tourism in Pamekasan: Is It Influenced by Majelis Ulama?

Purpose- This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of the Islamic tourism guidelines set by the Indonesian Ulama Council in Pamekasan on the development of halal tourism in that regency. In particular, this paper analyzes the suitability of the principles, objectives and characteristics of halal tourism that already exist in Pamekasan. Design/methodology/approach- This paper is written based on a very credible and representative source, which was explored in depth interview with several halal tourism owners, local community leaders, daily administrators of the ulama council, and regional regulators. The refinement of the analysis is carried out comprehensively by connecting the results of observations to the halal tourism guidelines that have been released by MUI Pamekasan Regency. Findings- The results show that the adaptation of sharia to the phenomenon of halal tourism growth in Pamekasan does not refer to the textual guidelines that have been made, but rather the personal figure of the Ulama Council which represents the institution. Social implication- The results show that the socialization of the principles, objectives and characteristics of halal tourism must involve local figures, such as the kyai who owns the pesantren. The existence of these figures has actually become a legitimacy for the community to perceive a halal tourist destination that is suitable for consumption by the community. Originality/value- This paper reveals a novelty in the specification aspect of tourism development objects in Pamekasan, with the intention of finding the character of halal tourism that is acceptable to the public.

The halal tourism – alternative or mass tourism? Indications of traditional mass tourism on crescent rating guidelines on halal tourism

PurposeThis study aims to identify whether halal tourism, as advocated by Mastercard-Crescent Rating guidelines on halal tourism can be considered as supporting sustainable tourism.Design/methodology/approachThree Mastercard-CrescentRating 2019 Reports which are Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia Muslim Travel Index and Halal Travel Frontier were evaluated using a qualitative method supports by NVivo software to analyze text and images. Eight indicators (number of tourists, main motivations, main values, interaction with the community, interaction with the environment, most possible destinations, infrastructure and visitor monitorings) are used to classify halal tourism items into mass tourism (traditional, experiential and sensational) and non-mass (alternative) tourism. The qualitative analysis is supported by correlation analysis of GMTI scores with environmental performance index and the global sustainable competitiveness index scores.FindingsThe results showed that halal tourism has unique characters compared with mass and non-mass tourism types. However, halal tourism advocated by CrescentRating unlikely shows similarity with non-mass tourism. It tends to be traditional mass tourism, especially on the perspective of the type of activity, interactions with the environment and local communities, as well as the main values.Originality/valuePrevious research suggested the needs of halal tourism and its relations to sustainability. This research fills the gap by showing the halal tourism, in the perspective of Mastercard-CrescentRating is not prioritized toward sustainable tourism by qualitative and quantitative evidences. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainability from Islamic perspectives and practices and provides a way to the theory of Islamic sustainable tourism. It also suggests improvements to halal tourism guidelines such as the transparency and guarantees that the profit will be used for social welfare, promotion of sustainability using Qur’anic verses and promotion on environmental and social empowerment activities.

Cultural Heritage Tourism Management in Pashupatinath Area

Heritage represents irreplaceable resources for the tourism industry so conservation is a vital component of their management. Throughout the world, the tourism industry has been an economic generator including conserving the heritage sites. Today, tourism has been considered to have greater socio economic values. Thus Pashupatinath area, with its rich cultural heritage, has great potential to be tapped through cultural heritage tourism. Pashupatinath area is known for its rich cultural heritage, but lack of proper tourism guidelines in the areas has not been able to showcase its potential. Thus, the paper tries to bring the importance of heritage tourism in the core area of Pashupatinath and its vicinity into limelight. The paper addresses the need of improvement in management, information and development in infrastructure. Moreover it covers the approach of conservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This article examines the significance and value of Pashupatinath area as a cultural heritage tourism destination. This research identifies numerous issues related to cultural heritage tourism management in Pashupatinath area and its cultural heritage tourism products, coordination among stakeholders and interpretation. It explores the current management situation of Pashupati area and provides the suggestion for the betterment of cultural heritage tourism in Pashupatinath area. The paper helps to relate the tourism industry with the economic growth of Pashupatinath area.

Cultural Heritage Tourism Management in Pashupatinath Area

Heritage represents irreplaceable resources for the tourism industry so conservation is a vital component of their management. Throughout the world, the tourism industry has been an economic generator including conserving the heritage sites. Today, tourism has been considered to have greater socio economic values. Thus Pashupatinath area, with its rich cultural heritage, has great potential to be tapped through cultural heritage tourism. Pashupatinath area is known for its rich cultural heritage, but lack of proper tourism guidelines in the areas has not been able to showcase its potential. Thus, the paper tries to bring the importance of heritage tourism in the core area of Pashupatinath and its vicinity into limelight. The paper addresses the need of improvement in management, information and development in infrastructure. Moreover it covers the approach of conservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This article examines the significance and value of Pashupatinath area as a cultural heritage tourism destination. This research identifies numerous issues related to cultural heritage tourism management in Pashupatinath area and its cultural heritage tourism products, coordination among stakeholders and interpretation. It explores the current management situation of Pashupati area and provides the suggestion for the betterment of cultural heritage tourism in Pashupatinath area. The paper helps to relate the tourism industry with the economic growth of Pashupatinath area.

Well‐being versus sustainable development in tourism—The host perspective

AbstractThe following article presents a theoretical analysis of human well‐being in relation to sustainable tourism and to tourism hosting communities. Well‐being of hosts, in accordance with UNWTO or UNGA, should be achieved when sustainable tourism guidelines are fulfilled. The question posed in this article, however, challenges that view. Does it really lead to well‐being? Or maybe we are missing some important issues on the way?The article is divided into three sections. In the first section, well‐being conceptual backgrounds are presented. The second section is devoted to the analysis of well‐being usage in sustainable tourism conceptual background, and focuses on the differences between the guidelines provided in 2005, and the latest guidelines published by UNWTO and UNGA in 2015. The third part, juxtaposes well‐being conceptual background with tourism. Eventually, most prominent gaps and challenges of well‐being in a frame of sustainable tourism are presented in detail.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM SUPRANATIONAL POLICIES AND THE WELLBEING — GAPS AND CHALLENGES FROM THE HOSTS’ AND THE GUESTS’ PERSPECTIVE

The year 2017 was declared by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. Tourism is seen as a “driver of development and peace, promoting the harmonious co-existence of people from all countries” (Beijing Declaration 2016). A principle of sustainable tourism is to “build sustainable cities and communities”. From this perspective, tourism should support the wellbeing of all actors involved. Wellbeing of hosts, should be achieved when sustainable tourism guidelines are fulfilled. Wellbeing of guests is necessary to make any destination attractive for tourism. The question posed in this paper, however, challenges that view. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of wellbeing in relation to sustainable tourism and to hosting and guest communities. The first section talks about wellbeing conceptual backgrounds including Social Indicators, index of life quality based on values, subjective wellbeing or responsible wellbeing one. The second section focuses on the analysis of wellbeing in sustainable tourism conceptual background, including the differences between the guidelines provided by WTO (2005), and the latest guidelines published by UNWTO ((United Nations World Tourism Organization)) and UNGA in 2015. The third section juxtaposes wellbeing conceptual background with tourism, the most prominent gaps and challenges of wellbeing regarding hosting communities and tourists.

Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes

SummaryHuman disturbance can have behavioural, physiological and population-level consequences on wildlife. Unregulated tourism is having a negative effect on the endangered Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes on mainland New Zealand. Subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins are exposed to tourism on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands group, 450 km south of New Zealand. Restrictions and guidelines for tourism are in place on Enderby Island, but there has been little study on the efficacy of these. We quantified behavioural responses of the Yellow-eyed Penguin on Enderby Island to human presence by documenting movement patterns and behaviour of penguins in the presence and absence of humans, through both controlled approaches and monitoring penguin behaviour in the presence of tourists. We used these data to model the effective approach distances for reducing disturbance. Human presence caused a significant drop in the probability of a successful transit to or from their nest, and significantly increased the time penguins spent alert and decreased the time spent preening. Modelling showed the distance from a human to a penguin is a significant predictor of the likelihood of a bird displaying disturbance behaviour, with the current minimum approach guideline of 5 m not sufficient for preventing disturbance. Our results indicate that the minimum approach guideline needs to be revised if the probability of disturbance is to be reduced. Modelling the appropriateness of minimum approach guidelines by predicting the probability of disturbance is a useful technique that could be applied to other species and systems. Worldwide, management guidelines need to be scientifically evaluated to ensure efficacy and cater for the more sensitive species affected.

The effects of tourist and boat traffic on parrot geophagy in lowland Peru

© 2017 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. Ecotourism generates important revenue in many developing economies, but poorly regulated ecotourism can threaten the long-term viability of key biological resources. We determined the effects of tourism, boat traffic, and natural disturbances on parrot geophagy (soil consumption) across seven riverine claylicks in the lowlands of Madre de Dios, Peru. Claylick use significantly decreased when visitors did not follow good practice guidelines and tourist numbers exceeded the capacity of the observation blinds. Otherwise, tourist presence and natural disturbance did not have a significant effect. However, large macaws, particularly Red-and-green Macaws (Ara chloropterus), avoided visiting claylicks during periods of peak tourist numbers. Where parrots had multiple geophagy sites to choose from, they preferred sites further from tourist groups. The effect of boat disturbance was greatest on a narrow river with infrequent boat events. On a wider river with heavier traffic, boat disturbance had less of an effect and this effect was inversely proportional to the distance of boats from the claylick. Where visitors followed good-practice tourism guidelines, they had a low overall negative effect on parrot geophagy. We recommend that visitors respect the claylick observation guidelines to minimize anthropogenic disturbance on parrots and maintain these sites for the benefit of wildlife and humans alike.

The environmental sustainability of protected area tourism: towards a concession-related theory of regulation

ABSTRACTDemand for Protected Area (PA) tourism continues to grow, raising concerns for its environmental sustainability. Numerous sustainable tourism guidelines and best practice examples exist for separate aspects of PA regulation and management. However, such efforts are insufficient to reliably and holistically understand how regulation can mediate the relationship between tourism development and PA environmental sustainability. This paper proposes a theory development project, to map the compatibility and interplays among various regulatory approaches, and their consequences for sustainable PA tourism. The project is initiated here by taking the first steps toward a concession-related theory of regulation. The focus on concessions has been chosen because concessions are the most under-researched aspects of PA tourism regulation. Four regulatory aspects are selected and conceptualized in this paper: the approaches to PA planning, the types of monitoring undertaken, the methods of concession allocation and the design of environmental requirements in concession contracts. Methodologically, grounded theory is used, with data collection relying on written sources. The paper develops two sets of narrative statements regarding the prospects for PA environmental sustainability, under particular examples of concession-related regulation. The conclusion articulates several research questions, as an immediate research agenda, and calls for an international research group to be formed.

Youth organizations, citizenship, and guidelines for tourism in the wake of mass tourism in Finland

This paper will study tourism as a site of citizenship formation with a particular focus on the arrangements and lived practices of citizenship in the Finnish Youth Organization and in a sub-section of Northern Ostrobothnian Travel Club between 1965 and 1985. From the perspective of the model of citizenship in Finland, modern mass tourism was not unproblematic and it was uniquely incorporated in the program and activities of the Finnish Youth Organization, underlining the wider social and civic utility of tourism. In this paper, the examination of archive materials from this particular historical period will provide a nuanced understanding of the mutual formation of citizenship and tourism at multiple geographical scales and insight into how the model of citizenship has been of great importance for mobile people in many ways.

Evaluation of Shangri-La County’s tourism resources and ecotourism carrying capacity

Ecotourism is an important path to sustainable tourism that has experienced rapid development in recent years. Thus, ecological principles have been considered as the guidelines for tourism and the need to protect the eco-environment has increased substantially. On this basis, the ecotourism planning, a new paradigm for tourism planning, has emerged and it has benefits in terms of both economic development and environmental conservation. The ecotourism planning is based on two important criteria: local tourism resources and ecotourism carrying capacity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the local tourism resources and calculate the ecotourism carrying capacity of Shangri-La County as an example. The results showed that Shangri-La County has abundant tourism resources and a vast diversity of tourism products. However, the natural resources in Shangri-La County are currently being exploited beyond the carrying capacity. Solutions to this problem mainly include sustainable exploitation of tourism resources; better handling of tourism demands by improving the repartitioning of tourism flow; and the development of a digital system to facilitate the management of tourism.

The Regional Polarization of Tourism's Contribution to Economic Growth in Peru: Alternative Solutions

Peru is characterized by high poverty levels. Serious problems of child malnutrition and illiteracy are prevalent and its economy centres on the primary sector across a large swathe of its territory. The major socio-economic inequality undermines social cohesion in the country and, therefore, increases the risk of social tension. However, Peru has significant and diverse resources which, if managed in accordance with World Tourism Organization's sustainable tourism guidelines, could promote development through better distribution of income and help to eliminate poverty. The promotion of sustainable tourism could increase social cohesion and lessen social tension. Hence, this research identifies the regional inequalities in Peru's tourism activity and suggests measures for promoting the most disadvantaged areas. The methodology used is based on the concept of polarization traditionally applied to income distribution studies. The data used come primarily from Peru's National Institute of Statistics and Information Technology (INEI).

Haulout patterns of Saimaa ringed seals and their response to boat traffic during the moulting season

Conservation of the Critically Endangered ringed seal Phoca hispida saimensis pop- ulation in Lake Saimaa in Finland requires broader knowledge of the behavioural ecology of this subspecies. Understanding Saimaa ringed seal haulout patterns and their response to boat traffic is crucial for designing sustainable land use and tourism guidelines. Responses of unidentified seals to small outboard motor boat traffic were studied during the moulting season. The median distance at which the seals responded to an approaching boat was 240 m. GPS-phone tags were used to study both circadian and seasonal haulout behaviour patterns of individual seals (n = 8) during the open-water season. The average post-moulting haulout duration was 6 ± 5 h (SD), with a maximum of over 26 h. The seals spent more time hauled out at night (between 21:00 and 06:00 h) after the moult. The time spent hauled out and the haulout frequency declined from early summer to autumn. An individual seal had an average of 13 haulout sites, which were an average of 2.5 km apart. Approximately half of these haulout sites were located in the core 50% of the indi- vidual seals' home ranges. The high level of site fidelity emphasizes the need to identify suitable haulout areas and to develop measures for protecting the main resting sites of this endangered population. Additionally, guidelines for seal watching should be developed in order to mitigate the potential disturbance caused by increasing tourism on Lake Saimaa.