Guidelines For Authors Research Articles

Disparities in Global Authorship and Data Source in the Pediatric Blood and Cancer Journal 2011-2021: Realities and Strategies for Improvement.

Research expands knowledge and improves outcomes. Research is needed in all settings, but most often occurs in high-income countries (HIC) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Publication in scientific peer-reviewed journals and authorship position are important for academic/clinical advancement. We explored the current state of global authorship and data source distribution for publications in the Pediatric Blood and Cancer (PBC) journal. LMIC-affiliated author inclusion and position in selected article categories of the PBC (2011-2021) were recorded. Articles with at least one LMIC-affiliated author (first-listed affiliation) and 5% of exclusively HIC-authored articles were verified. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Of 4504 articles reviewed, 593 (13%) included at least one LMIC-affiliated author (517/593 [87%] as first author and 488/593 [82%]) as senior author. In a subset of articles with LMIC-sourced data, 148/675 (22%) included exclusively HIC authors. Within the LMIC-sourced data subset, 81/675 (12%) articles were mixed HIC/LMIC affiliation and 446/675 (66%) were exclusively LMIC-affiliated. The frequency of LMIC-affiliated authors as first or senior author within HIC/LMIC-affiliated collaborations was 31/81 (38%) and 9/81 (11%), respectively. As more than 80% of children live in LMICs and the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer is increasingly engaged across LMICs, all researchers/clinicians must justly be given an opportunity to conduct, write, publish, and be recognized for their research. PBC is uniquely poised to promote equitable publishing practices and opportunities for professional recognition by drawing on emerging best practices for equitable authorship, including potentially restructuring authorship guidelines and requirements.

Analyzing Data Sharing Policies in Library and Information Science: Journal Metrics, Open Access Status, and Publisher Volume

The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and characteristics of data sharing policies in library and information science (LIS) journals, focusing on their relationship with journal metrics, publisher volume (number of journals managed by the publisher), and open access (OA) status. The study examined the link between data sharing policies and journal metrics in LIS journals indexed in Scopus. Using secondary data from the SJR portal and qualitative data from author guidelines, the study revealed several key findings: First, a positive relationship existed between publisher volume and the presence of data sharing policies, with high-volume publishers consistently implementing such policies. Second, 50.2% of LIS journals lacked data sharing guidelines, indicating a significant gap. Third, journals that encouraged or required data sharing under certain conditions tended to perform better in metrics such as quartiles, h-index, and citation impact. Fourth, data sharing policies were more common in higher-ranked journals and were linked to better journal metrics. Fifth, higher-ranked journals were more likely to include details on data statements, DOIs, and repositories than lower-ranked journals. Lastly, non-OA journals were more likely to encourage practices such as including data repositories and supplementary files in submissions, compared to OA journals, revealing unexpected disparities. In conclusion, data sharing policies in LIS journals showed associations with journal ranking and publisher volume, with non-OA journals showing higher presence of certain data sharing practices.

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

Financial conflicts of interest among authors of clinical practice guideline for headache disorders in Japan

BackgroundFinancial relationships between clinical guideline authors and pharmaceutical companies introduce conflicts of interest (COI), potentially biasing guideline recommendations. Thus, proper management of COI is paramount for clinical guideline authors. Nevertheless, little is known about COI among neurology clinical guideline authors. This study aimed to evaluate the financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and authors of Clinical Practice Guideline for Headache Disorders (CPGHD) in Japan.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 2016–2020 personal payments data disclosed by all pharmaceutical companies affiliated with the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. We examined amounts and fraction of personal payments to all 57 CPGHD authors and all neurologists board-certified by the Japanese Society of Neurology. Payment data was descriptively analyzed at individual author level.ResultsAmong 57 CPGHD authors, 56 (98.3%) received personal payments totaling $2.7 million from pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2020. Median five-year payments were $89,955 for CPGHD authors, while $521 for board-certified neurologists. The CPGHD chairperson and vice chairperson received substantial payments during the guideline development period. Nevertheless, because of less rigorous and transparent COI policy compared to international standard policies, only 10 authors disclosed their financial relationships with the pharmaceutical companies in the guideline.ConclusionsMore than 98% of CPGHD authors received much higher personal payments from pharmaceutical companies than those to board-certified neurologists during the guideline development period in Japan.

Authorship and Citizen Science: Seven Heuristic Rules

Citizen science (CS) is an umbrella term for research with a significant amount of contributions from volunteers. Those volunteers can occupy a hybrid role, being both ‘researcher’ and ‘subject’ at the same time. This has repercussions for questions about responsibility and credit, e.g. pertaining to the issue of authorship. In this paper, we first review some existing guidelines for authorship and their applicability to CS. Second, we assess the claim that the guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), known as ‘the Vancouver guidelines’, may lead to exclusion of deserving citizen scientists as authors. We maintain that the idea of including citizen scientists as authors is supported by at least two arguments: transparency and fairness. Third, we argue that it might be plausible to include groups as authors in CS. Fourth and finally, we offer a heuristic list of seven recommendations to be considered when deciding about whom to include as an author of a CS publication.

Open Science in Agricultural Economics

Abstract We provide a ‘big picture’ of what Open Science is and what benefits, limitations, and risks it entails for agricultural economists. We show that Open Science comprises various aspects, such as, the accessibility of science, transparency of scientific processes, open and FAIR research data and code, and openness in teaching and education. We identify potential benefits of Open Science for individual researchers and the public, as well as adoption barriers. We highlight that public benefits of a wide-spread uptake of Open Science practices still remain unexplored. We share best practice examples for key aspects of agricultural economic research, i.e., primary data collection and analysis, optimization and simulation models, use of replication packages and an Open Science Community. Assessing the author guidelines of twelve Agricultural Economics journals for their Open Science practices, we find that data citation and transparency are considered important in many journals already, whereas replication, pre-registration or results-blind review are encouraged but rarely enforced. It also becomes evident that the journals differ in terms of how strictly they enforce their open-science guidelines. We close by providing recommendations for researchers, journal editors, policy makers, universities, research institutes and funding agencies to better align public benefits with private incentives.

Survey of data stories: Guidelines for data story authoring

Data stories are sequences of data facts connected through a meaningful narrative and combine data visualizations and storytelling to convey information effectively. They have gained popularity due to data journalism, evolving into a hybrid practice involving computer science, design, and storytelling. Creating data stories requires diverse skills however there is a lack of guidance. We found one model that identifies the process of transforming data into visual stories following three stages; explore data, make a story and tell a story. Based on this approach, we surveyed recent literature on data stories in order to classify their contributions to each of the three stages. The contribution of this review is the proposal of guidelines for authors that provide greater detail to each stage and gaps for future research. We hope that by better understanding the design process and the guidelines that emerge from it, we will enrich the quality of the data stories and thus make them more meaningful and engaging to readers.

Authorship Improprieties: Analyzing the Practice of Including Advisers as Co-Authors in Students’ Research

Purpose. This research aims to investigate the prevalent practice of including advisers as co-authors in students' research works, with a specific focus on understanding the attitudes of the academic community, particularly students and educators. The study seeks to explore. Students' and educators' perceptions, beliefs, and/or opinions regarding the practice raise concerns in higher education institutions worldwide. Methodology. Through a descriptive-correlational research design following a quantitative research approach, the researcher gathered data on the attitudes of 200 students and 200 educators of 4 Higher Education Institutions in Region IV-A, Philippines, towards the inclusion of advisers as co-authors in students' theses, particularly when presented in conferences and published in journals. The collected data is analyzed to identify prevailing opinions and perspectives within the academic community. This analysis takes into account factors such as mentorship, intellectual contribution, and ethical considerations related to authorship attribution. By weighing these factors, the researcher forms a stance on the practice and offers recommendations for its ethical implementation. Results revealed differing opinions between students and educators. Moreover, significant differences in the attitudes of faculty members towards the practice when grouped based on their highest educational attainment, academic rank, and tenure were established, as well as the significant relationship between the research engagement and productivity of faculty members, and their attitude towards the matter. Although the inclusion of advisers in students’ theses was found acceptable within the academic community, the authorship guidelines set by the Committee on Publication Ethics, also known as COPE, suggest otherwise. Conclusion. These findings contribute to the existing literature on academic authorship improprieties and provide insights into the attitudes and opinions of the academic community. They are expected to stimulate discussions, fostering a better understanding of the implications of including advisers as co-authors in students' research works. The paper also offers practical recommendations to promote transparency, fairness, and integrity in authorship practices, ensuring that credit is appropriately attributed to all contributors in academic publications.

Guidelines for Authors

Guidelines for Authors

Guidelines for Authors

Guidelines for Authors

Our experience with a modified prying-up technique for closed reduction of irreducible supracondylar humeral fractures

Satisfactory reduction of some displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures is not achievable via closed reduction, thus necessitating open procedure, which increases the incidence of complications. Using percutaneous prying-up technique to assist closed reduction may reduce the requirement for transform to an open operation. We retrospectively reviewed displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures treated by the same surgeon from September 2021 to January 2024,with 134 subjects meeting criteria for inclusion. These children were divided into two groups. In Group A(n = 61),the prying-up technique was used to assist with closed reduction of fractures. Group B(n = 73) included fractures treated with conventional manual traction. To balance group size,12 fractures from group A were randomly removed, leaving a final 61 patients in each group. Demographics, operative time, the rate of failed closed reduction, complications and radiographic results were analyzed. The operative time was significantly less in Group A as compared with Group B(mean difference, − 7.22; [95% confidence interval (CI), − 8.49 to − 5.94]; p < 0.001). The rate of failed closed reduction were significantly lower in Group A as compared to Group B(2 of 61 vs. 10 of 61, p = 0.015).However, we found no difference in terms of the radiographic results and complications between the two groups(p > 0.05). percutaneous prying-up technique significantly improves the efficiency of surgery and reduces rate of failed closed reduction of supracondylar humeral fractures in pediatric patients. Level III, retrospective comparative study.See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

Forms and Functions of Author Keywords in Theses and Dissertations at the UNESP Institutional Repository (Brazil)

This research aimed to prepare guidelines for authors by investigating forms and functions of keywords assigned by authors in theses and dissertations defended in 2023 in the Graduate Program in Information Science at Unesp. The exploratory and descriptive study utilized a sample collected in the Unesp Institutional Repository. A corpus of 31 theses and 14 dissertations submitted to the Unesp Institutional Repository comprised a total of 183 keywords in Portuguese without duplicates and an average of 4.7 keywords, considering 213 keywords with duplicates. The analysis results initially identified that the Repository has a tutorial on using the Unesp Thesaurus to control vocabulary and that the authors use natural language to assign keywords. The findings reveal that, out of the 183 keywords, 89 (48\%) are exclusive, singular and specific to the area of Information Science, candidates for descriptors in the Unesp Thesaurus. The other 94 keywords (51.3\%) have 40 (21.3\%) exact descriptors, and the other 54 (29.5\%) present forms and functions that serve as examples for inclusion in the tutorial instructions. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the percentage of 21\% overlap between keywords and descriptors reveals that the Unesp Thesaurus was consulted by the authors when filling out keyword metadata and that the low number of exact descriptors and exclusive keywords indicate that they need to be included as new terms. It is recommended, therefore, to define an Indexing Policy that considers the need for hybrid coexistence between natural language and vocabulary control.

Issue Information ‐ Author Guidelines

Issue Information ‐ Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines.

Author Guidelines.

Pharmaceutical industry payments to authors of neurology clinical practice guidelines in Japan: A cross-sectional study.

Pharmaceutical industry payments to authors of neurology clinical practice guidelines in Japan: A cross-sectional study.

Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy: a Literature Review

The development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a consequence of a large group of diseases that lead to increased pressure or volume load on the right ventricle. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a commonly used diagnostic method in clinical practice. This method allows for the identification of RVH signs in the early stages of examination. During the 20th century, more than 30 diagnostic criteria were developed. Several of these criteria are associated with worse prognosis, including increased mortality. Authors of international guidelines recommend the verification of criteria in local populations. Such studies have not been published in Russia, but according to data obtained from foreign researchers, the diagnostic properties of ECG criteria can vary significantly. In most cases, the criteria are characterized by low sensitivity and high specificity, which complicates early diagnosis of conditions leading to RVH development. It is proposed to increase the sensitivity of the method by using all the developed criteria or sets that include some of them. However, this approach may reduce the specificity of ECG diagnosis of RVH, and the selection of criteria for inclusion in diagnostic algorithms is not always based on scientific research data. This article analyzes the history of the development of RVH criteria, research data on their diagnostic capabilities, and ways to improve diagnostic algorithms.

Is AI my co-author? The ethics of using artificial intelligence in scientific publishing

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led people to wonder whether they could act as an author on a scientific paper. This paper argues that AI systems should not be included on the author by-line. We agree with current commentators that LLMs are incapable of taking responsibility for their work and thus do not meet current authorship guidelines. We identify other problems with responsibility and authorship. In addition, the problems go deeper as AI tools also do not write in a meaningful sense nor do they have persistent identities. From a broader publication ethics perspective, adopting AI authorship would have detrimental effects on an already overly competitive and stressed publishing ecosystem. Deterrence is possible as backward-looking tools will likely be able to identify past AI usage. Finally, we question the value of using AI to produce more research simply for publication’s sake.

Back Matter (Submission Guide, Author Guidelines, Subscription Form)

Back Matter (Submission Guide, Author Guidelines, Subscription Form)