Guide Rail Research Articles

Numerical Simulation of the Backward Dispensing of a Missile from the Guide Rail Inside the Carrier at Supersonic Flow

Numerical Simulation of the Backward Dispensing of a Missile from the Guide Rail Inside the Carrier at Supersonic Flow

Analytical Study of Barrier-free Door Closer Guide Rail System based on Slider-Crank Mechanism

Abstract One of the most important elements of barrier-free design is the door entrance system, particularly door closers. Door closers ensure that doors are easy to operate and do not pose any physical barriers to users. However, existing electro-mechanical door closers are relatively heavy, costly and have reliability issues in cases of power outages. Purely mechanical door closers, such as cam action with guide rail and rack-and-pinion with scissors arm, offer a more affordable option due to simpler design and fewer components used. Static forces and torque with geometrical constraints of the door closer guide rail system are considered in deriving the mathematical expressions of a door closer guide rail system using similar approaches as slider-crank mechanism. The formulation considers the effects of pinion torque of a door closer, installation inputs as design parameters, door angle and efficiency. The mathematical model and experimental results show close agreement. The contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates the underlying physics of the door closer guide rail system, thereby aiding in understanding the door behaviour. Additionally, the model can predict the behaviour of the system under different operating conditions, which can be useful for design and optimization purposes. More importantly, this model can be utilised to identify the most effective strategies in reducing opening forces on doors thereby providing design insights to barrier-free application in the future.

Nonlinear dynamics modeling and analysis of aviation drilling actuator feed system considering assembly error

The superior dynamic performance and machining accuracy of the aviation drilling actuator are crucial for high-quality drilling of aviation structural components. It is essential to construct a dynamic model that accurately predicts the dynamic characteristics of the actuator. However, the modeling rarely considers the influence of assembly errors, which makes it difficult to ensure the model precision. In this work, the nonlinear force of the joint surface between the ball screw (BS), rolling bearings and ball linear guide (LG) was derived, taking into account the moving and rotation errors of the guide rail (GR) and the misalignment errors of the bearings. A dynamic model with six degree-of-freedom (DOF) was established for the aviation drilling actuator. The Runge-Kutta method was selected to solve the model, and the model accuracy was verified by experiments. The influence of various assembly errors and worktable feed position on the vibration response of the aviation drilling actuator in three directions was analyzed by the time history, frequency spectrum, phase diagram, and amplitude-frequency curve. The research results indicate that variations in assembly errors and feed position affect the dynamic properties of the system. The moving errors along the horizontal and vertical directions and the rotation errors around the horizontal and vertical directions of the GR notably affect the amplitude-frequency characteristics and vibration displacement of the two directions. The bearing misalignment error in the horizontal plane significantly affects the axial vibration of the drilling actuator. The maximum vibration response in the three directions is achieved when the feed position is in the middle of the BS. Therefore, dynamic model analysis can provide theoretical guidance for adjusting assembly errors and selecting reasonable machining positions to improve the stability and machining accuracy of aviation drilling actuator.

Linear Axis Guide Rail Misalignment Detection and Localization Using a Novel Signal Segmentation Analysis Technique

Maintenance of the linear axis and its components such as the linear guide can be significantly costly due to the difficult nature of the repair procedure and the downtime the machine exhibits while being repaired. This is a decision that must be made carefully and with proper justification. Therefore, it is crucial that the condition-based monitoring (CBM) system in the machine can detect and localize faults in the linear axis. The presented paper proposes a novel vibration signal segmentation analysis technique that detects and localizes misalignment in the linear guide rail, which is considered a leading root-cause failure fault. The results demonstrated that the usability of time domain features such as RMS was doubled by applying segmentation analysis. Also, evaluating both stroke directions aided in the localization of the misalignment. Overall, the practical value of the proposed technique is to function as both a localization and repair verification tool when performing linear axis maintenance.

Use of Magnetic Flux Leakage to Diagnose Damage to a Lift Guide Rails System with Reference to the Sustainability Aspect

The scientific objective of the conducted experimental research was to find an answer as to whether the application of magnetic flux leakage would be an effective tool for assessing the technical condition of lift guide rails in which the loss of thickness of the guide part is damage resulting from the brake whose operation destructively affects the surface shown. In particular, the scientific objective was to investigate the potential of this method in the context of quantitative assessment of the degree of damage featuring small increments in depth at the level of tenths of a millimetre. The conducted research was also aimed at determining the correlation of the effect of damage type with the nature of the signal recorded. The article presents the results of our own research, obtained from experiments on the use of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) to diagnose damage occurring on lift guide rails. During operation, lift guide rails are exposed to contact with the friction elements of brakes, resulting in the violation of their surfaces. Damage to the working surfaces of guide rails increases the vibration of the device, noise and wear of other components of the lift, such as guide rails. Currently, diagnostics of lift guide rails are not carried out, and their replacement depends on their technical condition. However, from an economic point of view, there are situations wherein their condition allows their use without their replacement with new ones. This was the main factor that guided the authors; we used a diagnostic head of our own design for the tests. The obtained measurement results showed that magnetic flux leakage can be used with great success to diagnose damage to guide rails. The results obtained in the laboratory shall be further developed in the form of research on correlating the signals obtained from magnetic sensors and the size of the damage, which shall eventually allow for a final quantitative assessment of guide rails regarding their technical condition. The conducted research fits into the scope of sustainable development by reducing the need for the consumption of electric energy and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere in the overall production balance. This will be made possible by implementing the developed head in industrial practice in the context of assessing the need to replace guide rails with new ones. The economic and environmental efficiency that is the basis of sustainable development in the context of lifts can be achieved at the modernisation stage by repeated (further) use of as many components as possible. An example of this is the guide rail system, the reuse of which is possible after a prior assessment of its wear and tear.

Fault Diagnosis of Linear Guide Rails Based on SSTG Combined with CA-DenseNet

Monitoring the status of linear guide rails is essential because they are important components in linear motion mechanical production. Thus, this paper proposes a new method of conducting the fault diagnosis of linear guide rails. First, synchrosqueezing transform (SST) combined with Gaussian high-pass filter, termed as SSTG, is proposed to process vibration signals of linear guide rails and obtain time-frequency images, thus helping realize fault feature visual enhancement. Next, the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism is introduced to promote the DenseNet model and obtain the CA-DenseNet deep learning framework, thus realizing accurate fault classification. Comparison experiments with other methods reveal that the proposed method has a high classification accuracy of up to 95.0%. The experimental results further demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for the fault diagnosis of linear guide rails.

Load Distribution Analysis and Contact Stiffness Prediction of the Dual-Drive Ball Screw Pair Considering Guide Rail Geometric Error and Slide Position

The dual-drive ball screw pair serves as a crucial element within the fixed gantry machine tool with cross-rail movement. When in service, the dual-drive ball screw pair experiences variations in axial load, impacting the contact load distribution of the ball screw pair. A calculation model for determining the axial load offset of the dual-drive ball screw pair is proposed to investigate the variation in axial load. The impact of the geometric error associated with the guide rail and the position of the slide are considered. This paper presents the contact load distribution model for the dual-drive ball screw pair. This study investigates the contact load and contact angle distribution of the dual-drive ball screw pair during the machine tool in service. Additionally, based on fractal theory, the stiffness models of individual micro-convex body and contact surfaces have been established. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the contact stiffness of the ball screw pair, considering the influence of guide rail geometric error and slide position. In addition, the three-dimensional surface morphology of ball screw pair is obtained by experiments. This paper investigates the contact stiffness distribution of dual-drive ball screw pair during service.

Study on the Influence of Micro-Features in the Surface Topography of the Slider Raceway on the Dynamic Friction Factor of the Guide Rail Pair

During the operation of the guide rail pair, the accuracy of the guide rail pair is decreased by friction and wear, and the overall performance of the machine tool is directly affected. The influence of surface micro-features of the slider raceway on the dynamic friction factor of the guide rail pair is analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the geometric characteristics of the surface micro-features and the dynamic friction factor is studied, and a prediction model of the dynamic friction factor is established. Meanwhile, the correctness and rationality of the predicted model is verified by the orthogonal experiments of the friction force. It is found that the dynamic friction factor increases with the increase of the groove depth, the height of the peaks and peak–valleys on the surface of the slider raceway. The above research provides a basis for the study of the friction and wear characteristics of guide rail pairs and lays a foundation for improving its friction and wear performance.

Research of deformation law about guide rails under the action of mining deformation in mine vertical shaft

To lay a foundation for alleviating the influence of mining shaft deformation (MSD) on the guide rail (GR) and monitoring the shaft deformation state, this paper studies the deformation law and mechanism of the guide rail under the MSD. Firstly, a spring is used to simplify the interaction between the shaft lining and surrounding rock soil mass (SRSM) under MSD, and its stiffness coefficient is deduced by the elastic subgrade reaction method. Secondly, a simplified finite element model is established based on spring element, the stiffness coefficient is calculated by the derivation formula, and its effectiveness is verified. Finally, the deformation law and mechanism of GR are analyzed under different types and degrees of MSD, and the deformation characteristics are studied under the disconnection between the shaft, bunton and guide rail. The results show that the established finite element model can better simulate the interaction between the shaft lining and SRSM, and the calculation efficiency is greatly improved. The guide rail deformation (GRD) has a strong ability to characterize MSD and owns the distinctive feature corresponding to different types and degrees of MSD and the connection state. This research can provide reference and guidance for the shaft deformation monitoring and the maintenance and installation of the GR, and also lays a groundwork for studying operation characteristic of hoisting conveyance under MSD.

Classification of Guide Rail Block by Xception Model

Linear guide rail blocks are used in linear slide rail accessories to scrape off oil stains in the rails, installed on the front and rear ends of the slider. They are also used in milling machines, lathes, automated machines, robotic arms, electronic instruments, and so on. At present, the industry relies on manpower to carry out the quality inspection of this rail block which is difficult to standardize. Thus, automatic and digital deep learning inspection technology is introduced for the inspection. To understand the suitability of deep learning techniques applied to the linear guide block inspection process, we adopt the convolutional neural network model architecture and use the Xception model. In model training, the training effect is improved by amplifying the image method and testing many different defects. Through the Xception model, the training accuracy is about 98.7% after 30 epochs, the validation accuracy is about 97.4%, and the test accuracy is about 91.8%.

Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Research on Straightness Detection Device for Elevator Guide Rail

The elevator guide rail is composed of a plurality of section by section guide rails in series. The straightness of the guide rail needs to be detected when the elevator is installed. There are many detection methods in the prior art. The first is the vertical line method, but this method is too backward, low precision, time-consuming and laborious; The second is to use RSU (elevator guide rail straightness dynamic detector) for measurement. Its basic principle is to install RSU in the lift car. When the car slides up and down along the guide rail, multiple distance (displacement) sensors detect the horizontal offset of the guide rail in real time, and finally fit these horizontal offsets to analyze its straightness. The disadvantage of this method is that its accuracy will be affected by car shaking and its own error, and the improvement of measurement efficiency is limited. The purpose of this paper is to provide a straightness detection device for elevator guide rail in order to overcome the defects of the above existing technology. With low cost and high efficiency, it is worth popularizing in the inspection work.

Research on Intelligent Design of Machine Tool Guide Rail Based on Case-based Reasoning

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of machine tool guide rail design, reduce design cost and shorten design cycle, a guide rail design method based on case-based reasoning is proposed. First, the framework of the intelligent design system for machine tool guide rails is constructed; based on the water injection principle WFT in the communication field, by establishing the rationality index of weight distribution, the Lagrangian function is constructed to optimize the weights, and the convergent water injection distribution algorithm is obtained. Similarity calculation performs case retrieval, and makes corresponding parameterized modifications to similar cases. The research results show that the intelligent design method of the machine tool guide rail can quickly and automatically retrieve similar cases, so as to realize the intelligence and automation of the machine tool guide rail design, speed up the product design process, and improve the design efficiency.

Straightness Detection Method and Accuracy Analysis of Guide Rail Parts

Guide rail is widely used in various machine tools. It mainly plays the role of guidance and support. The geometric accuracy of the guide rail, especially the straightness accuracy, directly affects the stability of the machine tool and the accuracy of the workpiece. By analyzing the common detection methods, application scope and detection accuracy of straightness of guide rail parts, the application occasions and detection accuracy of each detection method are clarified. It provides a theoretical basis and guidance for testers to detect straightness and deal with errors.

Research on Anti-interference Control of Hydrostatic Guide Rail's Oil Film Thickness

With the rapid development of modern manufacturing technology, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of mechanical products, and the precision of machine tools for processing mechanical products has gradually increased. Therefore, the development of static pressure guides is particularly important for precision processing industries. The load on the guide rail has an important effect on the thickness of the oil film, and the stability of the oil film thickness directly determines the accuracy of processing. In order to obtain the best control method for the thickness of the oil film, the dimensions of the hydrostatic guide rails and the three-dimensional model of the guide rails were designed and calculated in this paper, and the fuel supply method of the guide rails was determined. The simulation model of the oil film was established and imported from the AMESim software into the FLUENT software to obtain the pressure, velocity, and temperature distribution maps of the oil film. And the pressure distribution data was processed after summarizing. Combined with the relevant mathematical models, the mathematical model of the oil film thickness was finally obtained. Then the Simulink software was used to analyze and the PID control was introduced for comparative analysis. The DOB anti-interference control theory was introduced, and the anti-interference control algorithm was improved. The anti-interference algorithm adapted to the oil film thickness control complete the programming of the modules of the interference controller. The anti-interference control section was created in the Simulink software, and the system of the DOB module was finally completed after packaging. In order to verify the method in t his paper, a static pressure rail test bench was set up, and relevant detection tests were completed. The results of the above studies showed that the control performance was greatly improved after introducing the anti-interference algorithm adapted to the oil film control system.

Modeling of Moving Table with Linear Roller Guides Subjected to Geometric Errors In Guide Rails

This paper presents a model of a linear roller guide that considers geometric errors in rails. A five degree-of-freedom model of a table supported by linear roller guides with guide rail errors was built to determine table-motion errors during its motion along erroneous rails. The model was verified by comparing the simulated displacements of a linear guide estimated by the proposed model and those by an existing transfer-function method. Two types of geometric errors were considered for the guide rail: general form and waviness errors. The influence of external load, initial preload, and a few important parameters of the rail—such as wavelength and amplitude—on the displacement of the carriage and table were investigated extensively. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the model to obtain complicated motion errors for moving tables with a number of supporting linear guides subjected to guide errors.

Development of an Automatic System for Detection Plumb line and Alignment of Elevator Guide Rails

Alignment of Guide Rails takes up majority of the time in the process of Elevator Installation. The conventional methods are manual and time consuming and their accuracy highly depends on the accuracy of measurement of the installing workmen. Development of an Automatic system for detecting the plumb line and alignment of guide rails, which involves no human intervention, will improve work efficiency, accuracy and eventually lead to faster installation processes.

Application of Stray Magnetic Field for Monitoring the Wear Degree in Steel Components of the Lift Guide Rail System

This paper presents the results of forced wear simulation of the friction lift guide rails. The forced wear in the case discussed is an effect of plastic strain of the guide rail surface due to emergency braking of the lift. For the purpose of qualitative and quantitative assessment of wear, the authors applied the numerical simulation of a stray magnetic field. Application of this method allowed evaluating the degree of wear based on the stray field changes. Application of this simulation method allowed obtaining satisfactory results of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the guide rail wear. The intention of this paper was to prove that the permanent magnetic field and the stray field can be applied for the efficient detection of the steel guide rail damages and to verify the possibility of making the quantitative assessment related to the guide rail wear degree versus the personal lift service life.

Analyzing the Flow Field in the Oil Chamber of a Hydrostatic Guide Rail Used for Ultra-Precision Machining: Numerical Simulation and Performance Optimization

Analyzing the Flow Field in the Oil Chamber of a Hydrostatic Guide Rail Used for Ultra-Precision Machining: Numerical Simulation and Performance Optimization

Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic response of guide rails for a suspended buffer.

Guide rails’ nonlinear dynamic response to the collision process between gangues and the suspended buffer is the basis for its intensity examination and fatigue prediction. This paper established a numerical model for simulating the dynamic response of buffer’s guide rails using Pro/E and Femap based on an analysis of the basic structural components of the suspended buffer. The effects of the gangues diameter and feeding rate on the guide rails’ dynamic response were investigated, which were mainly revealed by a tension in guide rails. Simulation results showed that the tension in guide rails rapidly increased to a peak value after the suspended buffer was impacted by gangues, followed by a periodic vibration. The peak tension, maximum and minimum tensions within the periodic vibration were exponential functions of the gangues diameter. And they depended linearly on the feeding rate. The vibration frequency of the tension in guide rails was an exponential function of the gangues diameter but did not depend on the feeding rate. Based on the backfilling workface parameters used in D.Ping coal miner’s 15601 working panel, the feeding rate of 500 t/h was selected. The diameter of the crushed gangues was selected to be 50 mm based on the strength of guide rails. Their expected service life is 54.2 years. Finally, an industrial test was performed in D.Ping coal miner’s 15601 working panel and the guide rails operated steadily. The measured vibration parameters of the tension in guide rails agree well with that of numerical predictions, which verified the reliability of the numerical model to some extent.