GUI Design Research Articles

A Study on the GUI Design in relation with Marketing Strategy in Internet Shopping Mall

A Study on the GUI Design in relation with Marketing Strategy in Internet Shopping Mall

A Study case analysis of On-line Game in Educational about GUI Design

A Study case analysis of On-line Game in Educational about GUI Design

Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃを用いた「ＧＵＩのデザイン＆ユーザビリティ」の継承型学習

The objective of this paper is to describe a design method for instruction in computer programming. The most effective method is developing some real software to solve the familiar problem. Students can learn a lot of knowledge and skills of program comprehension and system design, developing real software as well as their own organization of the concepts at a time. We designed and practiced this method, utilizing Visual Basic programming languages making use of its easy designing for graphical user interface. Also the merits of visually program running, we can understand comparatively easy the code of program written by others. So we make inheritance learning possible with software and detailed documents archived. We have separately reported the effectiveness of this method from the reaction of the students in this class and many software output. In this paper we report the same effectiveness learning for “GUI Design & Usability”.

Proportion-Based Format System for Conventional Road Guide Signs

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the Standard Highway Signs Book have been developed around the use of the FHWA Standard Alphabets in an all-uppercase format for use on conventional road guide signs. These publications include a complex series of dimensions and tables based on specific legend sizes for various standard signs; however, the standards do not include guidance for the myriad different layouts that are developed to address unique local conditions. The mathematical relationship of the legend to the border, border size, and line spacing and the mathematical relationship of the graphics to the panel are not based on any standard criteria; as a result, sign layouts are not consistent for signs of similar types. In this paper, a recommendation is made to simplify the formatting of conventional road guide signs. Although these signs are used for many purposes, a similarity in their general design principles provides a basis for a common system of sign layout that relates all of the v...

Proportion-Based Format System for Conventional Road Guide Signs

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the Standard Highway Signs Book have been developed around the use of the FHWA Standard Alphabets in an all-uppercase format for use on conventional road guide signs. These publications include a complex series of dimensions and tables based on specific legend sizes for various standard signs; however, the standards do not include guidance for the myriad different layouts that are developed to address unique local conditions. The mathematical relationship of the legend to the border, border size, and line spacing and the mathematical relationship of the graphics to the panel are not based on any standard criteria; as a result, sign layouts are not consistent for signs of similar types. In this paper, a recommendation is made to simplify the formatting of conventional road guide signs. Although these signs are used for many purposes, a similarity in their general design principles provides a basis for a common system of sign layout that relates all of the various dimensions (e.g., border width, word and graphic spacing, and line spacing) to a single common element, the height of the letters used on the sign (for mixed-cased applications, the height of the initial capital letter). To accommodate the use of mixed-case words, a series of proportion-based grid formats has been developed. This series of layout grids is based on the value X, where X is the size of the initial capital letter of the primary legend. The proposed formatting is called the proportional grid system.

Advanced Traveler Information System for Metropolitan Expressways in Shanghai, China

Many metropolitan cities experience severe congestion on their expressways. Advanced traveler information systems (ATISs) have been proposed as possible solutions for reducing congestion. A novel type of ATIS is presented; it is designed for network control of expressways and consists of three new kinds of variable message signs (VMSs). These VMSs are network-level guidance signs, road section signs, and entrance condition signs. Network-level guidance signs and road section signs provide traffic information in a graphical form, and entrance condition signs provide information about on-ramp conditions in a textual style. The ATIS composition and the functions of different VMSs are first presented. Then the information provision method for VMSs is addressed, followed by site placement of VMSs. ATIS evaluation results are presented and, finally, recommendations for future research are described.

Advanced Traveler Information System for Metropolitan Expressways in Shanghai, China

Many metropolitan cities experience severe congestion on their expressways. Advanced traveler information systems (ATISs) have been proposed as possible solutions for reducing congestion. A novel type of ATIS is presented; it is designed for network control of expressways and consists of three new kinds of variable message signs (VMSs). These VMSs are network-level guidance signs, road section signs, and entrance condition signs. Network-level guidance signs and road section signs provide traffic information in a graphical form, and entrance condition signs provide information about on-ramp conditions in a textual style. The ATIS composition and the functions of different VMSs are first presented. Then the information provision method for VMSs is addressed, followed by site placement of VMSs. ATIS evaluation results are presented and, finally, recommendations for future research are described.

A scalable formal method for design and automatic checking of user interfaces

The article addresses the formal specification, design and implementation of the behavioral component of graphical user interfaces. The complex sequences of visual events and actions that constitute dialogs are specified by means of modular, communicating grammars called VEG (Visual Event Grammars), which extend traditional BNF grammars to make them more convenient to model dialogs.A VEG specification is independent of the actual layout of the GUI, but it can easily be integrated with various layout design toolkits. Moreover, a VEG specification may be verified with the model checker SPIN, in order to test consistency and correctness, to detect deadlocks and unreachable states, and also to generate test cases for validation purposes.Efficient code is automatically generated by the VEG toolkit, based on compiler technology. Realistic applications have been specified, verified and implemented, like a Notepad-style editor, a graph construction library and a large real application to medical software. It is also argued that VEG can be used to specify and test voice interfaces and multimodal dialogs. The major contribution of our work is blending together a set of features coming from GUI design, compilers, software engineering and formal verification. Even though we do not claim novelty in each of the techniques adopted for VEG, they have been united into a toolkit supporting all GUI design phases, that is, specification, design, verification and validation, linking to applications and coding.

Maximizing Legibility of Unlit Freeway Guide Signs with Clearview Font and Combinations of Retroreflective Sheeting Materials

The legibility of full-scale guide signs was evaluated in a controlled field study. The objective was to determine how the legibility of unlit guide signs could be maximized with combinations of font and retroreflective sheeting. Two fonts were tested: Series E (Modified) and Clearview 5WR, a modified version of Clearview 5W. Five combinations of retroreflective sheeting were also evaluated. The study included 30 subjects split into three age groups. Without informing the subjects, the researchers varied headlamp output to evaluate the legibility of various sign lighting levels. The results of the study clearly show that the most legible combination of font and retroreflective sheeting (of those tested) is the Clearview 5WR font and microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds. Although the combination of microprismatic legends and backgrounds performed statistically equivalently to microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds (in term of legibility distances), the research shows that the higher luminance contrast and lower costs associated with the latter combination make it a much more attractive application.

2005 D. Grant Mickle Award: Outstanding Paper on Operations and Maintenance Maximizing Legibility of Unlit Freeway Guide Signs with Clearview Font and Combinations of Retroreflective Sheeting Materials

The legibility of full-scale guide signs was evaluated in a controlled field study. The objective was to determine how the legibility of unlit guide signs could be maximized with combinations of font and retroreflective sheeting. Two fonts were tested: Series E (Modified) and Clearview 5WR, a modified version of Clearview 5W. Five combinations of retroreflective sheeting were also evaluated. The study included 30 subjects split into three age groups. Without informing the subjects, the researchers varied headlamp output to evaluate the legibility of various sign lighting levels. The results of the study clearly show that the most legible combination of font and retroreflective sheeting (of those tested) is the Clearview 5WR font and microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds. Although the combination of microprismatic legends and backgrounds performed statistically equivalently to microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds (in term of legibility distances), the research...

Guide Signing for Two-Lane Exits with an Option Lane: Evaluation of Human Factors

In recent years U.S. freeways have seen an increase in the number of exit ramps that feature a two-lane exit with an option lane. This is a situation in which motorists in the rightmost lane of the freeway must exit, and those in the adjacent lane may either exit or continue on the mainline. Communicating information to the motorist about this type of exit is exceptionally difficult. Ideally, a sign should convey the following: (a) If you stay in the right lane, you will be forced to exit. (b) If you wish to exit, you may do so from either the right lane or the adjacent lane. (c) If you are in the adjacent lane and wish to continue on the mainline, you need not change lanes. Making all of these discrete concepts obvious in a simple sign is challenging, and there is no standard sign design for this situation in FHWA's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD). As a result, at least eight different sign designs are being used throughout the United States. This paper presents the results of an NCHRP human factors study conducted to identify the best design for a guide sign for this type of exit. Four candidate sign designs were evaluated with 96 test subjects in a driving simulator. Measures of effectiveness included the number of missed exits and the number of unnecessary lane changes. On the basis of the study results, one of the four designs is recommended for inclusion in the MUTCD.

Guide Signing for Two-Lane Exits with an Option Lane

In recent years U.S. freeways have seen an increase in the number of exit ramps that feature a two-lane exit with an option lane. This is a situation in which motorists in the rightmost lane of the freeway must exit, and those in the adjacent lane may either exit or continue on the mainline. Communicating information to the motorist about this type of exit is exceptionally difficult. Ideally, a sign should convey the following: ( a) If you stay in the right lane, you will be forced to exit. ( b) If you wish to exit, you may do so from either the right lane or the adjacent lane. ( c) If you are in the adjacent lane and wish to continue on the mainline, you need not change lanes. Making all of these discrete concepts obvious in a simple sign is challenging, and there is no standard sign design for this situation in FHWA's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD). As a result, at least eight different sign designs are being used throughout the United States. This paper presents the results of an NCHRP human factors study conducted to identify the best design for a guide sign for this type of exit. Four candidate sign designs were evaluated with 96 test subjects in a driving simulator. Measures of effectiveness included the number of missed exits and the number of unnecessary lane changes. On the basis of the study results, one of the four designs is recommended for inclusion in the MUTCD.

Gain and Angle of Approach Effects on Cursor-Positioning Time with a Mouse in Consideration of Fitts' Law

Over the past decade, indirect pointing with a mouse has become a fundamental part of the GUI environment. In that regard research has used Fitts' law to measure speed and accuracy of the human-motor system when using input devices. Other studies have found that angle of approach also affects performance. However, most such analyses have not considered control-display gain as a factor. The present study found that gain interacted with angle of approach, amplitude, and target size on movement time. Fitts' law remained an effective predictor of movement time across all conditions; however, less variance was accounted for in the higher control-display gain conditions. Based on these results, recommendations are given for GUI design.

GUI design of the graphical tools inCOOT

GUI design of the graphical tools in<i>COOT</i>

Whole-building simulation with symbolic DAE equations and general purpose solvers

In building simulation, as in several other domains, traditional monolithic simulation codes are still in dominance over simulators based on symbolic equations in a general modeling language. Introduced in 1998, IDA Indoor Climate and Energy has become the first widely spread thermal building performance simulator based on the new technology. Developing a full-fledged dynamic whole-building simulation program is a formidable endeavor in any setting and since the first beta version in 1997 a number of lessons have been learned. The paper shares some of these experiences concerning general program structure, models, performance, integration, GUI design and issues specifically linked to equation-based modeling using a variable timestep differential-algebraic (DAE) solver.

New Font and Arrow for National Park Service Guide Signs

Although highly legible, the National Park Service's (NPS) Clarendon font produces sign legends that can be 10% to 20% longer than those depicted in conventional sans serif fonts. Placing these wider signs on narrow park roads and in urban historic districts can be prohibitive. To address this problem, a project was initiated to create a new NPS Roman-style (i.e., serif) font that requires less horizontal sign space than Clarendon while improving sign readability and retaining Clarendon's unique "signature quality." The present study also evaluated a set of guide sign arrows to select the most legible for use on NPS guide signs. Three candidate typefaces were developed for daytime and nighttime field evaluation with 72 older and younger subjects. From the results of the evaluation, a fourth font was created and field tested with 12 additional subjects. Words created with the fourth font (NPS Roadway) were 5% to 11.5% shorter than those created with Clarendon. Further, subjects were able to read these words at 10.5% longer average threshold legibility distances than the same words composed in Clarendon. The relative legibility of 12 candidate guide sign arrows was evaluated in an outdoor field study. Forty-eight subjects participated in the daytime, and 32 subjects viewed the arrows at night. There were statistically significant differences in legibility distance among the various arrow shapes. The arrow ultimately recommended for use on NPS road guide signs performed 18% better than the FHWA "standard arrow".

携帯ゲーム機を利用したロボットプログラミングシステムの開発 : 第1報:システム設計とGUIの検討(計測制御・ロボット3)

携帯ゲーム機を利用したロボットプログラミングシステムの開発 : 第1報:システム設計とGUIの検討(計測制御・ロボット3)

Selection of Web Browser Controls with and without Impenetrable Borders: Does Width Make a Difference?

Graphical user interface elements can be selected faster if they are placed against the edge of the screen. Doing so creates an impenetrable border between the element and the edge of the screen that the mouse cursor cannot penetrate, which changes how users move the mouse resulting in quicker selection times. This study assessed the influence of visible width on selection time when targets did or did not have impenetrable borders. Ten participants selected targets that varied in Target Type (with or without impenetrable borders), Width (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 cm), and Distance (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 cm). For a given width, targets with impenetrable borders were always selected faster than targets without impenetrable borders. Also, increasing the width of targets with impenetrable borders had little effect on selection time, whereas doing so when targets did not have impenetrable borders resulted in a substantial effect on selection time. The results indicate that a 1 cm wide target is adequate to make use of the advantage of edge targets in GUI design.

Growing a GUI from an XML tree

Computer science faculty in the current fast-paced computing environment must be very resourceful; they must constantly learn new topics and explain them to their undergraduate students (who are familiar with the acronyms and inquisitive about their meaning), while not letting these exciting new topics overshadow the fundamentals. They must analyze these new developments to see the fundamental concepts that ultimately serve as their basis. They must then determine how to integrate these concepts into the undergraduate curriculum at the correct level for their students. This poster shows how XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and hierarchical data structures are correlated, allowing instructors to add XML concepts to the CS2 curriculum in a way that is fun for students, namely, GUI development.Students typically enjoy designing their GUIs. They find it is hard to understand how a GUI will look without the visual aid of an IDE (Integrated Development Environment). However, when using an IDE, the details of how the user interface is created are hidden from the programmers - not just the code, but the design principles as well. The programmers can become dependent on the IDE for GUI development, limiting their ability to design novel interfaces. In addition, students who do not use an IDE at all find it difficult to remember all their GUI component relationships, making GUI design a trial and error process. We seek a way for students to design GUIs that forces them to consider how GUIs are constructed, improving their design skills, while at the same time making the design process as straightforward as possible.GUIs are hierarchical in nature because they are based on containers holding GUI components, which may themselves be containers. Thus, it may be helpful to utilize the notion of a tree in the construction of a GUI, allowing development of GUIs without the dependence on a standard IDE and without many of the difficulties of GUI construction by hand. As students typically learn about trees in CS2, this is an appropriate time to introduce GUI hierarchies. Students are also often eager to be exposed to hot topics in computer science, such as XML. XML is hierarchical in nature; thus, it lends itself to GUI design. We propose integrating these ideas into an "XML-based IDE" that students can use in the beginning stages of development for their own GUIs. This makes students aware of the hierarchical nature of their GUIs in the design phase, enhancing their ability to develop useful and creative user interfaces. At the same time, students are exposed to basic XML concepts and syntax.Our "XML-based IDE" has two important parts: our markup language and our code generator. First, we developed a preliminary XML schema describing a grammar for basic GUI programs. This schema describes the XML tags and the relationships among them. Our XML tags correspond to Java nomenclature (swinggui, jframe, jpanel, jcomponent, listener, layout, etc.) as our CS2 students program in Java. After developing our schema, we implemented a Java program to translate an XML document conforming to our schema to corresponding Java source files. To build a shell of a GUI program, a student needs to write an XML document describing the interface and run our utility program to generate the Java source files. When the Java source files are compiled and executed, the student can see the resulting GUI. The student only needs to design and implement the event-handling algorithms. Our "XML-based IDE" demonstrates the usefulness of XML in other areas besides the World-Wide Web and is a refreshing change from the standard XML examples.We believe that our "XML-based IDE" is a practical and fun way to introduce XML into the introductory computer science curriculum without sacrificing fundamental concepts.

Effectiveness of Ground-Mounted Diagrammatic Advance Guide Signs for Freeway Entrance Ramps

This study investigated the effectiveness of ground-mounted diagrammatic signs in the context of urban multilane arterials leading to freeways. Six highway-freeway interchanges were selected in the greater Columbus, Ohio, area for installation of the diagrammatic signs in the field. The primary measure of effectiveness was the distance at which unfamiliar drivers driving in the wrong lane changed lanes. A total of 21 and 19 test drivers unfamiliar with Columbus roads were recruited for an evaluation before and after installation of the diagrammatic guide signs. This evaluation with unfamiliar test drivers showed that drivers were able to execute a needed lane change earlier when diagrammatic signs were provided. Combining all six sites and looking at the 50th (377 m before, 819 m after) and 85th percentile (203 m before, 601 m after) lane change distances, an increase by a factor of 2.2 to 3.0 between the after and before condition was observed. In addition, a panel of 13 Ohio Department of Transportation and FHWA evaluators visited the six interchange sites and provided their input and opinions on the use of diagrammatic signs. The majority of the evaluators fully embraced the idea of diagrammatic signs. It is suggested that such signs should be used on multilane arterials in advance of highway–freeway interchanges in addition to preexisting guide signs (trailblazer assemblies), in cases in which the cost of overhead span-type sign bridges cannot be economically justified and additional advance guidance information to motorists is highly desirable.