This dissertation centers on the theoretical discussion and countermeasure suggestions on career planning and employment guidance for Chinese college students. Through a comprehensive literature review, it analyzes the challenges faced by Chinese college students in the process of career planning, explores the problems of the existing career guidance model, and proposes effective management countermeasures. The study finds that Chinese college students' career planning is influenced by various factors, including individual quality, school education, and social environment. In order to better assist college students in their career planning, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions, covering the aspects of personal quality cultivation, school education reform, and improvement of the career guidance system, with a view to providing useful theoretical references and practical guidance for Chinese college students' career planning.