Guava Production Research Articles

In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Bio-rationals against Pestalotiopsis psidii Causing Guava Fruit Canker

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), originating from Tropical America and part of the Myrtaceae family, is a highly adaptable and nutritionally valuable fruit. Known as the "Apple of the Tropics," it ranks as the fourth most important fruit crop globally. India leads in guava production. However, guava production faces serious threats from various diseases, particularly canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii. The disease, varying in severity across guava varieties, manifests as brown necrotic spots on fruits that progress to crater-like lesions covered with white mycelium. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and bio-rationals revealed that carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP and azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3% SC at all the tested concentration i.e. 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm demonstrated complete inhibition of the pathogen, followed by mancozeb 75% WP showed 97.41 per cent inhibition rate at highest concentration i.e. 2000 ppm. Among the bio-rationals, panchgavya completely inhibited mycelial growth at both 5% and 10% concentration, followed closely by buttermilk, which showed growth inhibition of 45.93 and 17.78 per cent at 10% and 5% concentration, respectively.

V-YOLO: A Lightweight and Efficient Detection Model for Guava in Complex Orchard Environments

The global agriculture industry is encountering challenges due to labor shortages and the demand for increased efficiency. Currently, fruit yield estimation in guava orchards primarily depends on manual counting. Machine vision is an essential technology for enabling automatic yield estimation in guava production. To address the detection of guava in complex natural environments, this paper proposes an improved lightweight and efficient detection model, V-YOLO (VanillaNet-YOLO). By utilizing the more lightweight and efficient VanillaNet as the backbone network and modifying the head part of the model, we enhance detection accuracy, reduce the number of model parameters, and improve detection speed. Experimental results demonstrate that V-YOLO and YOLOv10n achieve the same mean average precision (mAP) of 95.0%, but V-YOLO uses only 43.2% of the parameters required by YOLOv10n, performs calculations at 41.4% of the computational cost, and exhibits a detection speed that is 2.67 times that of YOLOv10n. These findings indicate that V-YOLO can be employed for rapid detection and counting of guava, providing an effective method for visually estimating fruit yield in guava orchards.

Production of fermented Guava and Coconut beverages supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus CH-2 and Streptococcus thermophilus.

Production of fermented Guava and Coconut beverages supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus CH-2 and Streptococcus thermophilus.

Assessing the Financial Risks in Guava Cultivation in the Pabna District of Bangladesh

Guava cultivation in Bangladesh is vital for being the sources of cancer prevention agents, vitamin, beta-carotene, zinc, copper, manganese, etc, which are fundamental for human body. The major objective of the study was to measure the financial risks in guava cultivation in Pabna district of Bangladesh. In order to measure the financial risks in guava production, the research studied the nature of NPV of guava orchards in the Pabna district of Bangladesh. For this purpose, the study estimated the average total net cash flows of each year by considering all the possible costs and benefits associated guava production for the selected orchards to determine their NPVs. A set of cross-sectional data on the selected variables has been used for the analyzing purpose of the research. A multi-stage sampling technique consists of purposive, cluster and simple random sampling has been applied for the selection of 100 guava orchards, from two upazilas of the district. Subsequently, a structured questionnaire composed of both open and closed-ended questions has been used for collecting data from the sample guava producers with the help of face-to-face interview method. The study employed simulation analysis to assess the financial risks in guava production in the selected area. The results revealed that the values of total net return in the first five years are negative, it become positive in the sixth year and thereafter. The value of total net return in the seventh year is BDT 63433 per bigha (1 bigha equals about 0.1335 hectare) and it continues to be stable up to 25 years of age of the guava plantation. The 1000 runs of simulation of NPV of guava orchard given that the NPV ranges from -BDT 18302.3 per bigha to BDT 184866 per bigha with a mean value of BDT 80649.51 per bigha. The distribution of the NPV which evident that the probability of a higher value or negative value of NPV is very low. The moderate value of NPV is the most likely outcome. The results of the simulation analysis inferred that the investment in the guava orchard is neither highly profitable nor loss-making which means that investment in this project bears a very low financial risk.

Revolutionizing Crystal Guava Production through Six Sigma and Kaizen Insights

This study addresses the quality issues in crystal guava production at UD Bumiaji Sejahtera using the Six Sigma and Kaizen methodologies. By analyzing factors like non-uniform maturity, black spots, fruit rot, shape defects, and seed defects, this research aims to identify key areas for improvement. Results indicate that non-uniform maturity contributes significantly to defects, highlighting the need for improved pest control, efficient application methods, regular maintenance, material inspection, and enhanced standards for farmers and agricultural workers. These findings offer practical insights for enhancing crystal guava production quality and reducing defects at UD Bumiaji Sejahtera. Highlight: Six Sigma and Kaizen for Crystal Guava Quality Enhancement. Non-uniform Maturity Identified as Key Defect Contributor. Recommendations: Improved Pest Control, Application Methods, and Standards for Farmers. Keyword: Crystal Guava Production, Six Sigma, Kaizen, Quality Improvement, Defect Reduction

Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizers on the Growth, Yield and Productivity of Guava under Meadow Orcharding

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on the growth, yield and productivity of guava under meadow orcharding at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. In this experiment, various organic sources (Farm yard manure (30 kg/plant/y), vermicompost (30 kg/plant/y) and neem cake (3 kg/plant/y) along with various biofertilizer combinations (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB) were tested on five-year-old guava cultivar 'Allahabad Safeda' to study its effect on growth, fruiting and yield. The results obtained showed higher fruit weight (218.00 g), fruit length (7.60 cm), fruit diameter (7.42 cm), maximum number of fruits produced per plant (26.64 fruits/plant), maximum yield per plant of 5.81 kg/plant and maximum yield per ha (23.12 t/ha) with the application of T9. The highest total soluble solids (12°Brix) and total sugar content of fruit (8.26%) with the application of T9. Application of nutrients through organic along with biofertilizers improve soil health in terms of mean microbial population in the rhizosphere of root zone soil as compared to control. From the present study, the application of biofertilizers with the combination of organic manures has a beneficial effect on the availability of major nutrients in the soil to help in maintaining of the soil fertility and plant growth of the fruits at a desired level. It can be concluded that, for better growth, yield and quality guava fruits, the guava trees should be fertilized with (FYM (30kg/plant) +Azospirillum @250g/tree +PSB @250g/tree +Neem cake @3kg/tree) per year with treatment T9.

2-heptanone and 2,3-butanediol from endophytic Bacillus subtilis GEB-1 against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii: a computational and experimental approach

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne enterolobii is regarded as one of the most severe and threatening pathogens worldwide. Guava production in India is quenched by the invasion of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii. Bacterial bio-control agents confer resistance against nematodes by producing various bioactive molecules. Exploiting these biomolecules will lead to the development of novel nematicidal formulations for managing plant parasitic nematodes. Considering this, our present investigation was focused on the isolation and identification of endophytic bacterial communities from wild guava Psidium eugeniaefolia. Amongst various endophytes, Bacillus subtilis GEB-1 exhibited a 90% reduction in the population of M. enterolobii. Cell-free supernatant extracts of B. subtilis GEB-1 revealed the presence of seventeen unique biomolecules. Attempts were made to dock these biomolecules against major protein targets of M. enterolobii such as E3 ubiquitin ligase, Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel, G protein-coupled receptor kinase, Peptidase M12B domain-containing protein, Hyaluronidase through molecular docking techniques. The results of in-silico studies revealed that all seventeen biomolecules had a significant impact on protein targets of M. enterolobii. Among other bacterial metabolites, 2-heptanone and 2,3-butanediol were found to have a greater binding affinity with protein targets of M. enterolobii. Furthermore, the in-vitro evaluation of 2-heptanone and 2,3-butanediol at different concentrations confirmed their nematicidal activity against eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. enterolobii. Hence our present study revealed that bacterial metabolites, 2 heptanone, and 2,3-butanediol can be explored as novel nematicidal molecules against guava root-knot nematodes, M. enterolobii.

Pruning techniques affect flowering, fruiting, yield and fruit biochemical traits in guava under transitory sub-tropical conditions

Production of quality fruits in the dry and low humid October–May period has been a challenge in the tropics and sub-tropics having wide weather fluctuations throughout the year. Henceforth, the research aimed at investigating the seasonal variations in vegetative developments as well as flowering, fruiting, yield, and fruit quality of guava emphasizing the off-seasonality by pruning 0 cm (control), 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm from shoot-tip, once a year at spring (early March), monsoon (early June) and autumn (early September) under such atmospheric implications. Yearly and quarterly documentation at wet (June–August and September–November) and dry (December–February and March–May) seasons revealed that pruning in spring and autumn exhibited statistical parity for higher yearly yield of 31.71 kg and 31.58 kg plant−1, respectively. Moreover, spring pruning had maximum yield in the wet season (23.94 kg plant−1), while autumn pruning governed the dry season production (18.11 kg plant−1) having a notable wet period yield (13.47 kg plant−1). Considering the yearly and quarterly in March–May and December–February harvests, autumn pruning exhibited statistical supremacy for total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar, vitamin C, and specific gravity. However, pruning time didn't influence the fruit physiochemical traits at the June–August and September–November quarters producing fruits of inferior quality compared to those of March–May and December–February harvests. On the other hand, pruning lengths of 30 cm and 45 cm demonstrated statistical consistency for auspicious vegetative, reproductive and fruit biochemical properties. Meanwhile, 30 cm pruning produced maximum number of flowers (224.71 plant−1) and fruits (155.89 plant−1), consequently the highest yield (38.38 kg plant−1). Treatment interactions too ascertained that off-season production of superior quality guava can be enhanced by 30 cm shoot-tip pruning in autumn without compromising the year-round harvests.

Diversity of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose on Psidium guajava in varied Brazilian physiographic regions

AbstractAnthracnose, caused by several Colletotrichum species, is a major restricting factor for guava production, but no comprehensive study of the causal agent has been conducted from the plant host centre of diversity. This work characterizes isolates from guava, mainly from the fruit, but also leaves and flowers, representing most Brazilian physiographies according to the partial sequences of the rDNA‐ITS, ApMAT, TUB2, HIS3 and GAPDH gene regions. In addition, the pathogenicity and aggressiveness to fruits of two widely planted guava varieties (SLG and RM) are described. Guava‐derived Colletotrichum isolates were found in five complexes: gloeosporioides, acutatum, boninense, gigasporum and orchidearum. The gloeosporioides complex was the most prevalent (81%), followed by the acutatum complex (14%). A total of 16 Colletotrichum species were naturally associated with guava anthracnose: C. aeschynomenes, C. asianum, C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. gigasporum, C. gloeosporioides, C. karsti, C. melonis, C. musae, C. nymphaeae, C. paranaense, C. siamense, C. sojae, C. syzygicola, C. theobromicola and C. tropicale. Apart from C. nymphaeae and C. gloeosporioides, all the remaining 14 taxa are reported for the first time in P. guajava. The most aggressive species belonged to the C. gloeosporioides complex. C. siamense was the most prevalent, especially in warmer regions, followed by C. chrysophilum, mostly in temperate environments. The most aggressive species were C. siamense, C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola and C. tropicale. Fruits of the variety SLG were consistently more resistant to anthracnose than the fruits of RM.

Quantitative Assessment of Post-Harvest Losses of Guava (Psidium guajava) in Rajasthan

The present research was done for the quantitative assessment of post-harvest losses in guava. Factors responsible for the post-harvest losses in guava were identified and evaluated. The study was performed in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan because the district has the highest guava production (27452 MT) among other districts of Rajasthan. The research was performed during the year of 2022. The data was taken from 40 farmers through judgmental sampling. Modified average formula was employed to quantify the post-harvest losses in guava by taking consideration of all types of losses at 5 level (collection, sorting, grading, packaging and transportation). Friedman’s test was employed to test the difference between factors responsible for the post-harvest losses in guava. The overall post-harvest losses in guava at farm level was 14.05 per cent at district level which was comparatively higher than NABCONS 2022 study on post-harvest losses. The post-harvest losses during collection & transportation to storage house (1.91%), sorting (7.50%), grading (1.73%), packaging (1.32%) and transportation (1.59%) operations at farm level majorly contributed to the post-harvest losses in guava. The highest loss (7.50%) was found during sorting operation among other operation at farm level. Friedman’s test results reflected that inappropriate sorting & grading, heavy rainfall, insect infestation, disease infection and market infrastructure were the major contributing factors for the post-harvest losses in guava.

Variabilidade genética e estrutura da população em famílias de irmãos-completos de goiabeira via marcadores microssatélites

Abstract: Guava production is a promising activity with great prominence in several regions of Brazil; however, a major obstacle faced by producers is the low number of available cultivars. The present study proposes to estimate and analyze genetic structure and variability, through molecular traits, aiming at the future development of new cultivars. Ninety-four genotypes from 11 full-sib families and the cultivars Paluma, Pedro Sato, and Cortibel 1 were selected for DNA extraction, totaling 97 genotypes. For molecular characterization, 48 pairs of microsatellite primers were used. This information was used to estimate the parameters of genetic diversity, genetic distance, genotype clustering, and the genetic structure of the population. The use of molecular information revealed the existence of genetic variability between the genotypes of the full-sib families and the cultivars. The average number of alleles per locus was 2,542. Expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.030 to 0.599, averaging 0.401. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.010 to 0.577, averaging 0.293. Based on the UPGMA hierarchical clustering method, four groups were formed and crossing is recommended between individuals from groups 1 and 2. Bayesian analysis allowed the distinction of genotypes into only two groups, due to the individuals sharing most of the genomic regions analyzed.

The effect of chitosan edible coating on the respiration rate and ethylene production of guava

The effect of chitosan edible coating on the respiration rate and ethylene production of guava

Biomolecule repository of endophytic bacteria from guava serves as a key player in suppressing root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii

Guava production in India is hampered by invasion of guava root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii. Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes is the best strategy to quench the soil and root population of nematodes. Hence the attempts were made to dissect the endophytic bacteria from various niche of guava plants. Amongst the various endophytic bacteria's, Klebsiella quasivaricola inhibited the egg hatching (100%) and moratlity of juveniles (100%). Exploration of non-volatile organic compounds of K. quasivaricola exhibited the presence of 2″-terthiophene, 9′spirobifluorenone, 4-Cyanophenyl 4-butylbenzoate, Benzoic acid, Benzoyl chloride, 3-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazolin-5-one, Ethanone, 2,3-dihydro-5‑methoxy-, Ethanone, Trifluoroacetophenone, 6,12-dinaphthylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole having anti-microbial activities. Considering this, molecular docking experiments were carried out with important proteins of M. enterolobii such as Translationally Controlled Tumour Proteins, pectate lyase, phospholipase, hexokinase and Sphingomyelinase to understand the effect of biomolecules from K. quasivaricola. The results indicated that all biomolecules had prominent effect on different protein targets and in specific binding affinity with amino acid residues of protein targets benzoic acid, 4-Cyanophenyl 4-butylbenzoate, Trifluoroacetophenone, 6,12-dinaphthylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, 3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one had significant effect on aforementioned protein targets of M. enterolobii. In addition, bio-hardened guava plants with the effective bacterial endophytes were challenged with M. enterolobii showcased 80% increase on plant growth parameters and 70% reduction of egg mass over control. Hence the present study gave limelight to explore the novel biomolecules from endophytic bacterium which could serve as an alternative synthetic nematicides for the management of M. enterolobii.

The Effect of Probiotic Fertilizer Concentrations and Pruning on Kristal Guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Kristal) in the Off-Season Production

Kristal guava is one of the horticultural commodities that is in demand by the public at large amount and can grow well in Indonesia. The low production of Kristal guava in the off-season is one of the causes of not fulfilling the demand for the fruit. The research was conducted in Semanik Village, Badung, Bali, Indonesia from January to July 2023. This study aimed to increase the growth and production of Kristal guava in the off-season through fertilization with probiotic fertilizer and pruning. This experiment used a factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was fertilization with probiotic fertilizer consisting of 4 concentration levels, i.e., control (C0), 10% (C1), 20% (C2) and 30% (C3). While the second factor was pruning, namely: Pt (no pruning) and Pl (pruning 2-3 segments of twig ends + dead twigs + twigs infested with pests). The results showed that the interaction between fertilization with probiotic fertilizer and pruning had no significant effect in off-season production of Kristal guava. The 30% probiotic fertilizer concentration (C3) was able to increase the growth as indicated by the variable number of new shoots per tree (2.17 shoots) and the number of leaves of new shoots per tree (2.67 leaves) and the off-season production of Kristal guava, reflected in the increase in the number of flowers formed per tree (103.50 flowers), the number of harvested fruits (3.50 fruits) and the weight per fruit (49.72 g) or an increase of 93.46%; 40% and 114.31%, respectively, compared to C0 which was 53.50 flowers; 2.50 fruits and 23.20 g. The Pl treatment increased the growth as indicated by the variables of leaf chlorophyll content (69.55 SPAD) and leaf relative water content (59.58%) and the off-season production of Kristal guava as reflected by the number of flowers formed per tree (91.25 flowers), the number of fruits formed per tree (8.83 fruits) and the weight of fruit per tree (163.22 g) or an increase of 39.85%; 103.93% and 123.28%, respectively, compared to Pt which was 65.25 flowers; 4.33 fruits and 73.10 g.

Utilization of Imperfect Produce of Honey Guava to Improving the Economy and Welfare of Farmers

Huney guava (Syzygium aqueum) is a potential agricultural product of Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, which is generally sold in fresh fruits. The production of Guava in this area reaches 150 kg per farmer, with 25-30 kg of them remain unsold. This community service aims to disseminate knowledge and technology to farmers about processing honey guava fruit into chips with the trade name "KeJaM". This activity is expected to be a solution for farmers in processing unsold products into new products that can increase economic value, as well as reduce agricultural waste. In this activity, the community service activities team also provided honey herb processing equipment, namely a vacuum fryer and spinner, so that the honey guava chips produced still have the characteristic honey guava taste. KeJaM is a healthy snack which is expected to attract the interest of public in order to improve the economy and welfare of farmers.

Influence of Foliar Application of NAA and Zinc on Yield and Quality Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49

An experiment was carried out at Department of Fruit Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut (U.P), India during two consecutive years i.e., 2021-22 and 2022-23 to assess the Influence of foliar Spray of NAA and Zinc on growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49 under western U.P. conditions. The foliar spray of micronutrients along with plant growth regulators play an important role in manipulating many physiological phenomena, improving the yield and quality and enhanced the productivity of plants by fulfilling the nutritional needs of fruit crops. Twelve treatments viz., three level of NAA (0, 50, and 75 ppm) and four level of Zinc (0, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 %) with their combinations were used, which were replicated in factorial Randomized Block Design. Results showed NAA @75 ppm (N2) individually registered yield of 53.75 and 53.06 kg/plant the application of Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) concentration recorded yield of 53.86 and 53.17 kg/plant. Interactive effect of naphthalene acetic acid and Zinc (N2Zn3) treatments registered yield of 59.56 and 58.81 kg/plant while quality parameter pectin was in the range of 0.79 and 0.80 % with treatment naphthalene acetic acid @75 ppm (N2) and Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) individually recorded 0.80 and 0.82 % outperformed the other treatments. The combination could be ideal and recommended for the production of guava in the Indo-Gangetic plains in western India.

ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED GUAVA PRODUCTION PRACTICES

Present research was conducted in Kaurihar block of Prayagraj district of U.P. The purpose of the study was to assist the socio-economic profile of the guava growers and the adoption regarding the recommended guava production practices. Kaurihar block was purposely selected because of the maximum production. From the block total 20 villages were randomly selected for the study, 6 respondents were selected from each village thus the total respondents 120. The results show that majority 61.67 per cent of the respondents belongs to medium level of progressiveness, 66.67 percent belongs to medium level of risk bearing capacity and 49.17 per cent of the respondent belongs to medium level of socio-economic status. The respondents were having medium level of adoption in improved varieties, propagation methods, row-row and plant-plant distance, NPK ration, irrigation, pruning of plant and packaging. And low level of adoption in bahar treatment, intercropping, high density planting, control measures of diseases, insecticides application, mulching, training of plant and post-harvest. Majority 56.67 per cent of the respondent has medium level of adoption. Association between socio-economic profile and adoption of guava cultivation source of information 0.95, annual income 0.87, social participation 0.86 and extension contact 0.81 shows strong and positive correlation.

First Report of Nalanthamala psidii causing wilt disease of guava in Guangdong, China.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit with great economic value. Guangdong is one of the most important guava production areas. In November 2019, guava wilt disease (GWD) was observed in a 10.6 HA commercial orchard in NanSha district, Guangzhou, Guangdong (22°37'37.626" N, 113°35'56.089" E). Disease incidence was up to 35%. Initially, leaves on the top of some branches became purple or yellow interveinal chlorosis, later dry. Infection severely became systemic developing vascular discoloration of stem, black root rot, eventually entire trees wilted and died. The root tissues were cut into 5-mm2 pieces and surface disinfected with 70% ethanol for 30 sec, 3 % sodium hypochlorite for 4 min, rinsed by the sterile water, then plated onto potato dextrose agar and incubated for 5 days at 25°C. A total of 8 monoconidial isolates with identical colony morphology were obtained. All formed cottony, whitish to pale yellow colonies. Conidiophores were dimorphic, penicillate and acremonium-like. Penicillate conidiophores gave rise to ovoidal, one-celled conidia (4.15 to 6.55×2.28 to 4.61 μm) (n=100) with truncated ends. Cylindrical or fusiform conidia (7.02 to 15.57×2.01 to 5.30 μm) (n=100) arose in long chains on acremonium-like conidiophores. Morphological characteristics of the isolates were consistent with those of Nalanthamala psidii (syn. Myxosporium psidii) reported by Schroers (2005). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial nuclear large-subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) of two representative isolates (GDNS02 and GDNS08) were amplified using the primers pairs ITS4/ITS5 (White et al. 1990) and V9G/LR5 (de Hoog and Gerrits van den. 1998), respectively. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession nos. OM278372 to 73 (ITS) and OM278377 to 78 (LSU). BLASTn analysis showed 99.81% and 100% identities with the reported sequences of N. psidii CBS 116952 (AY864836) and CBS 110507 (AY554243). Maximum likelihood analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequences indicated that these two isolates being clustered with N. psidii strains. Pathogenicity tests were performed twice using healthy seedlings (60-70 cm height, cv. pearl). Each stem of five seedlings was wounded using a 5-mm sterile cork borer, and 5-day-old mycelium plugs of isolate GDNS08 were inoculated into the holes (25-cm above the soil line) and covered with Parafilm, sterile PDA plugs were placed into the wounds of additional 5 control seedlings. All plants were kept in a greenhouse (25℃, 80% relative humidity, 16/8-h day/night). After 3 months, all inoculated plants developed purple leaf, defoliation and wilt symptoms resembling those observed in the orchards, while the controls remained asymptomatic. Nalanthamala psidii was reisolated from the roots tissue of the inoculated plants, identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analyses as described above, but not from the controls, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Nalanthamala psidii has been previously reported as the causal agent of guava wilt in Taiwan, Philippines, South Africa and Bangladesh (Hsieh et al. 1976; Opina 1995; Schoeman et al. 1997; Alam et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. psidii causing guava wilt in Guangdong, China. The outbreak of GWD in South Africa in the 1980s resulted in devastating losses to guava industry (Schoeman et al. 1997). Further research is needed to develop the integrated management to constrain this disease from spreading.

Penerapan Sapta Pesona Potensi Desa Wisata Petik Jambu di Desa Kebaron Kecamatan Tulangan Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Tourism is the sector most affected by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. This condition occurs all over the world in various sizes and dimensions. The existence of Sapta Pesona, seven conditions that must be applied and disseminated in people's daily lives, can increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourism. This refers to the support and role of the community as the host in creating an environment and atmosphere that can encourage the growth and development of the tourism industry through the embodiment of these seven elements. Kebaron Village is one of the villages in Sidoarjo with guava garden tourism sites and is very rich in guava products. In the village of Kebaron in Sidoarjo, various varieties of guava are planted in an area of 5.5 hectares, there are about 1,200 guavas. One of the obstacles to picking guava tourism in Kebaron village is the reduced number of visitors after the Covid-19 pandemic which started in early 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to add and renovate the garden area by adding supporting infrastructure. Based on the analysis with partners, there are several issues that need to be addresse dimmediately.

Response of Indole 3 butyric acid during air layering on root and shoot induction behavior in Guava (Psidium guajava L) CV Sardar (L-49)

Air layering is practiced as it has assured to produce true to type plants and early and better rooting is observed when treated with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A field experiment was conducted to study the Rooting and shooting behaviour in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) air layering under different concentrations of IBA during 2019 in guava orchard located at Maheru, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. A total of ten treatments with three replications comprising T1 –Control, T2- IBA@ 5 g, T3- IBA@ 6 g, T4- IBA@ 7 g, T5- IBA@ 8 g, T6- IBA@ 9 g, T7- IBA@ 10 g, T8- IBA@ 11 g, T9- IBA@ 12 g, T10- IBA@ 5000 ppm (Liquid) were applied. Thirteen observations of the root and shoot characters were recorded and analyzed in factorial design of RBD. The results indicated that IBA@ 8 g (T5) performed better than control and produced the best results in root parameters and shoot parameters such as the number of days to root (31.7), primary roots (59.30), primary root length (8.74 cm), primary root diameter (0.89 mm), secondary roots (45.57), secondary root length (5.73 cm), fresh root weight (0.93 g) and dry root weight, (0.81g) number of side shoots (6.87), length of side shoots (4.10 cm), length of longest side shoots (6.01 cm) and number of leaves per air layer (33.93). The existing guava production is not able to meet our present demand of guava fruits to the increasing population of the country. It is commonly propagated by seed. However, the seedlings produced are not true to type and they also take much longer to bear fruits than asexually propagated materials as the juvenile phase is eliminated in asexually propagated plants. Therefore, in the present study, guava air layering plants treated with the IBA@ 8 g are true to type and do not take much time to bear fruits, thus contributing to quality guava production.